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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-05-31
    Description: Pipecolic acid (Pip), a non-proteinaceous product of lysine catabolism, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike. In plants, Pip accumulates upon pathogen infection and has been associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Pip-mediated signaling and its relationship to other known SAR inducers remain unknown. We show that in plants, Pip confers SAR by increasing levels of the free radicals, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act upstream of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Plants defective in NO, ROS, G3P, or salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis accumulate reduced Pip in their distal uninfected tissues although they contain wild-type–like levels of Pip in their infected leaves. These data indicate that de novo synthesis of Pip in distal tissues is dependent on both SA and G3P and that distal levels of SA and G3P play an important role in SAR. These results also suggest a unique scenario whereby metabolites in a signaling cascade can stimulate each other’s biosynthesis depending on their relative levels and their site of action.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-19
    Description: The rapid growth of deformable and stretchable electronics calls for a deformable and stretchable power source. We report a scalable approach for energy harvesters and self-powered sensors that can be highly deformable and stretchable. With conductive liquid contained in a polymer cover, a shape-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator (saTENG) unit can effectively harvest energy in various working modes. The saTENG can maintain its performance under a strain of as large as 300%. The saTENG is so flexible that it can be conformed to any three-dimensional and curvilinear surface. We demonstrate applications of the saTENG as a wearable power source and self-powered sensor to monitor biomechanical motion. A bracelet-like saTENG worn on the wrist can light up more than 80 light-emitting diodes. Owing to the highly scalable manufacturing process, the saTENG can be easily applied for large-area energy harvesting. In addition, the saTENG can be extended to extract energy from mechanical motion using flowing water as the electrode. This approach provides a new prospect for deformable and stretchable power sources, as well as self-powered sensors, and has potential applications in various areas such as robotics, biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology, and entertainment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Although β-CsPbI〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 has a bandgap favorable for application in tandem solar cells, depositing and stabilizing β-CsPbI〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 experimentally has remained a challenge. We obtained highly crystalline β-CsPbI〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 films with an extended spectral response and enhanced phase stability. Synchrotron-based x-ray scattering revealed the presence of highly oriented β-CsPbI〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 grains, and sensitive elemental analyses—including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry—confirmed their all-inorganic composition. We further mitigated the effects of cracks and pinholes in the perovskite layer by surface treating with choline iodide, which increased the charge-carrier lifetime and improved the energy-level alignment between the β-CsPbI〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 absorber layer and carrier-selective contacts. The perovskite solar cells made from the treated material have highly reproducible and stable efficiencies reaching 18.4% under 45 ± 5°C ambient conditions.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Temperature sensitivity (〈i〉Q〈/i〉〈sub〉10〈/sub〉) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is a crucial parameter for predicting the fate of soil carbon (C) under global warming. However, our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms remains inadequate, which constrains its accurate parameterization in Earth system models and induces large uncertainties in predicting terrestrial C-climate feedback. Here, we conducted a long-term laboratory incubation combined with a two-pool model and manipulative experiments to examine potential mechanisms underlying the depth-associated 〈i〉Q〈/i〉〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 variations in active and slow soil C pools. We found that lower microbial abundance and stronger aggregate protection were coexisting mechanisms underlying the lower 〈i〉Q〈/i〉〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 in the subsoil. Of them, microbial communities were the main determinant of 〈i〉Q〈/i〉〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 in the active pool, whereas aggregate protection exerted more important control in the slow pool. These results highlight the crucial role of soil C stabilization mechanisms in regulating temperature response of SOM decomposition, potentially attenuating the terrestrial C-climate feedback.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: For half a century, successful antifolate therapy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been attributed to host-parasite differences in drug binding to dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). Selectivity may also arise through previously unappreciated differences in regulation of this drug target. The DHFR-TS of Plasmodium binds its cognate messenger RNA (mRNA) and inhibits its own translation. However, unlike translational regulation of DHFR or TS in humans, DHFR-TS mRNA binding is not coupled to enzyme active sites. Thus, antifolate treatment does not relieve translational inhibition and parasites cannot replenish dead enzyme.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830934/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830934/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Kai -- Rathod, Pradipsinh K -- AI26912/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI40956/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI026912/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Folic Acid Antagonists/*pharmacology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/*enzymology/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Thymidylate Synthase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Triazines/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-01-11
    Description: We report the discovery of a convective phenomenon found to occur in a rotating spherical system in which an inner convectively unstable fluid layer is bounded by a corotating outer convectively stable fluid layer. Although convection is thermally driven in the unstable interior, the resulting convective motions concentrate primarily in the stable outer region. This phenomenon, which we term teleconvection, suggests that fluid motions observed at the "surface" of a planet (such as Jupiter's alternating zonal winds) may be driven by an energy source located deep inside the planet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, K -- Schubert, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1944-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11110657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: We have produced a draft sequence of the rice genome for the most widely cultivated subspecies in China, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica, by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The genome was 466 megabases in size, with an estimated 46,022 to 55,615 genes. Functional coverage in the assembled sequences was 92.0%. About 42.2% of the genome was in exact 20-nucleotide oligomer repeats, and most of the transposons were in the intergenic regions between genes. Although 80.6% of predicted Arabidopsis thaliana genes had a homolog in rice, only 49.4% of predicted rice genes had a homolog in A. thaliana. The large proportion of rice genes with no recognizable homologs is due to a gradient in the GC content of rice coding sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Jun -- Hu, Songnian -- Wang, Jun -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Li, Songgang -- Liu, Bin -- Deng, Yajun -- Dai, Li -- Zhou, Yan -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Cao, Mengliang -- Liu, Jing -- Sun, Jiandong -- Tang, Jiabin -- Chen, Yanjiong -- Huang, Xiaobing -- Lin, Wei -- Ye, Chen -- Tong, Wei -- Cong, Lijuan -- Geng, Jianing -- Han, Yujun -- Li, Lin -- Li, Wei -- Hu, Guangqiang -- Huang, Xiangang -- Li, Wenjie -- Li, Jian -- Liu, Zhanwei -- Li, Long -- Liu, Jianping -- Qi, Qiuhui -- Liu, Jinsong -- Li, Li -- Li, Tao -- Wang, Xuegang -- Lu, Hong -- Wu, Tingting -- Zhu, Miao -- Ni, Peixiang -- Han, Hua -- Dong, Wei -- Ren, Xiaoyu -- Feng, Xiaoli -- Cui, Peng -- Li, Xianran -- Wang, Hao -- Xu, Xin -- Zhai, Wenxue -- Xu, Zhao -- Zhang, Jinsong -- He, Sijie -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Xu, Jichen -- Zhang, Kunlin -- Zheng, Xianwu -- Dong, Jianhai -- Zeng, Wanyong -- Tao, Lin -- Ye, Jia -- Tan, Jun -- Ren, Xide -- Chen, Xuewei -- He, Jun -- Liu, Daofeng -- Tian, Wei -- Tian, Chaoguang -- Xia, Hongai -- Bao, Qiyu -- Li, Gang -- Gao, Hui -- Cao, Ting -- Wang, Juan -- Zhao, Wenming -- Li, Ping -- Chen, Wei -- Wang, Xudong -- Zhang, Yong -- Hu, Jianfei -- Wang, Jing -- Liu, Song -- Yang, Jian -- Zhang, Guangyu -- Xiong, Yuqing -- Li, Zhijie -- Mao, Long -- Zhou, Chengshu -- Zhu, Zhen -- Chen, Runsheng -- Hao, Bailin -- Zheng, Weimou -- Chen, Shouyi -- Guo, Wei -- Li, Guojie -- Liu, Siqi -- Tao, Ming -- Wang, Jian -- Zhu, Lihuang -- Yuan, Longping -- Yang, Huanming -- 1 RO1 ES09909/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):79-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beijing Genomics Institute/Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Base Composition ; Computational Biology ; Contig Mapping ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Intergenic ; DNA, Plant/chemistry/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Exons ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/*genetics ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Software ; Species Specificity ; Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-07-31
    Description: Serum and growth factors can increase the proportion of Ras in the active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound form. Growth factors might stimulate guanine nucleotide exchange or decrease the activity of the guanosine triphosphatase-activating proteins GAP and neurofibromin (NF1). In NIH 3T3 cells that overexpress the mutant Ras protein His116, which releases bound guanine nucleotide at a constitutively high rate and retains sensitivity to GAP and NF1, the proportion of GTP bound to the His116 protein was not altered by serum or platelet-derived growth factor. However, these mitogens increased the proportion of Ras in the GTP-bound form in cells that overexpressed control Ras proteins with a normal intrinsic rate of guanine nucleotide release. The amount of GTP-bound His116 or control Ras proteins was higher in cells at low density than in cells at high density, which have more GAP-like activity. The lower proportion of GTP-bound Ras in NIH 3T3 cells at high density may result from increased GAP-like activity. By contrast, serum and platelet-derived growth factors appear to stimulate guanine nucleotide exchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, K -- Papageorge, A G -- Lowy, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):671-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Blood ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Fibroblasts/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Gene Expression ; Genes, ras/*physiology ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Histidine ; Methionine ; Mice ; Mutagenesis ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Proteins/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*genetics ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-07-13
    Description: Krev-1 is an anti-oncogene that was originally identified by its ability to induce morphologic reversion of ras-transformed cells that continue to express the ras gene. The Krev-1-encoded protein is structurally related to Ras proteins. The biological activities of a series of ras-Krev-1 chimeras were studied to test the hypothesis that Krev-1 may directly interfere with a ras function. The ras-specific and Krev-1-specific amino acids immediately surrounding residues 32 to 44, which are identical between the two proteins, determined whether the protein induced cellular transformation or suppressed ras transformation. Because this region in Ras proteins has been implicated in effector function, the results suggest that Krev-1 suppresses ras-induced transformation by interfering with interaction of Ras with its effector.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, K -- Noda, M -- Vass, W C -- Papageorge, A G -- Lowy, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jul 13;249(4965):162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2115210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Chimera ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, ras ; Harvey murine sarcoma virus/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Restriction Mapping ; *Suppression, Genetic ; rap GTP-Binding Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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