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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,175)
  • 1980-1984  (1,175)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: The Mark III very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) system allows recording and later processing of up to 112 megabits per second from each radio telescope of an interferometer array. For astrometric and geodetic measurements, signals from two radio-frequency bands (2.2 to 2.3 and 8.2 to 8.6 gigahertz) are sampled and recorded simultaneously at all antenna sites. From these dual-band recordings the relative group delays of signals arriving at each pair of sites can be corrected for the contributions due to the ionosphere. For many radio sources for which the signals are sufficiently intense, these group delays can be determined with uncertainties under 50 picoseconds. Relative positions of widely separated antennas and celestial coordinates of radio sources have been determined from such measurements with 1 standard deviation uncertainties of about 5 centimeters and 3 milliseconds of arc, respectively. Sample results are given for the lengths of baselines between three antennas in the United States and three in Europe as well as for the arc lengths between the positions of six extragalactic radio sources. There is no significant evidence of change in any of these quantities. For mapping the brightness distribution of such compact radio sources, signals of a given polarization, or of pairs of orthogonal polarizations, can be recorded in up to 28 contiguous bands each nearly 2 megahertz wide. The ability to record large bandwidths and to link together many large radio telescopes allows detection and study of compact sources with flux densities under 1 millijansky.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, A E -- Cappallo, R J -- Hinteregger, H F -- Levine, J I -- Nesman, E F -- Webber, J C -- Whitney, A R -- Clark, T A -- Ma, C -- Ryan, J -- Corey, B E -- Counselman, C C -- Herring, T A -- Shapiro, I I -- Knight, C A -- Shaffer, D B -- Vandenberg, N R -- Lacasse, R -- Mauzy, R -- Rayhrer, B -- Schupler, B R -- Pigg, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):51-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17734328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strehler, B L -- Abraham, S -- Bayreuther, K -- Bienenstock, A -- Binstock, R -- Birren, J -- Blumenthal, H T -- Brautbar, C -- Brody, E M -- Brody, H -- Comfort, A -- Cottle, R W -- Danielli, J F -- Danon, D -- Datan, N -- Ebbesen, P -- Elsen, A -- Freundt, E A -- Gallop, P M -- Girardi, A J -- Glenn, P F -- Goheen, J D -- Goldstein, S -- Good, R A -- Goodlin, R C -- Granoff, A -- Gray, A -- Haber, P A -- Hamparian, V V -- Hijmans, W -- Holliday, R -- Horvath, S M -- Houck, J C -- Huebner, R J -- Itoh, H -- Jukes, T -- Kaplan, H S -- Kirkman, H -- Kuwert, E -- Leiderman, P H -- Liss, A -- Litwin, J -- Lubin, B -- Macieira-Coelho, A -- Madoff, S -- Maletta, G J -- Maramorosch, K -- Martin, G M -- Masover, G -- Matsumura, T -- Medvedev, Z -- Melnick, J L -- Merchant, D J -- Namba, M -- Neter, E -- Neugarten, B -- Orgel, L -- Outschoorn, A S -- Pace, D M -- Packer, L -- Parker, J C -- Patterson, M D Jr -- Pollard, M -- Portnuff, J -- Razin, S -- Reiff, T R -- Robert, L -- Rockstein, M -- Rosamoff, H -- Rosanoff, E I -- Rottem, S -- Schachter, J -- Schwartz, H -- Shanas, E -- Shimkin, M B -- Smith, J R -- Somerson, N L -- Stinebring, W -- Textor, R -- Thomas, L -- Viidik, A -- Weg, R -- Yabrov, A -- Yanofsky, C -- Zatz, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):240-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, G E -- Stackebrandt, E -- Hespell, R B -- Gibson, J -- Maniloff, J -- Dyer, T A -- Wolfe, R S -- Balch, W E -- Tanner, R S -- Magrum, L J -- Zablen, L B -- Blakemore, R -- Gupta, R -- Bonen, L -- Lewis, B J -- Stahl, D A -- Luehrsen, K R -- Chen, K N -- Woese, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):457-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6771870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*classification ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/analysis ; Clostridium/classification ; Cyanobacteria/classification ; DNA/analysis ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal/*analysis ; Species Specificity
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Recent neurophysiological findings have demonstrated that abstinent chronic alcoholics manifest deficits in event-related brain potentials. To explore possible biological antecedents of alcoholism the present study examined boys at high risk for alcoholism. Event-related brain potentials were recorded from biological sons of alcoholic fathers and matched control boys. Differences in the P3 component of the potentials were obtained between the high-risk and control subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Begleiter, H -- Porjesz, B -- Bihari, B -- Kissin, B -- AA 05524/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1493-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism/*genetics/physiopathology ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Child ; Evoked Potentials ; Fathers ; Humans ; Male ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Risk
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1981-04-10
    Description: The global hydrogen Lyman alpha, helium (584 angstroms), and molecular hydrogen band emissions from Saturn are qualitatively similar to those of Jupiter, but the Saturn observations emphasize that the H(2) band excitation mechanism is closely related to the solar flux. Auroras occur near 80 degrees latitude, suggesting Earth-like magnetotail activity, quite different from the dominant Io plasma torus mechanism at Jupiter. No ion emissions have been detected from the magnetosphere of Saturn, but the rings have a hydrogen atmosphere; atomic hydrogen is also present in a torus between 8 and 25 Saturn radii. Nitrogen emission excited by particles has been detected in the Titan dayglow and bright limb scans. Enhancement of the nitrogen emission is observed in the region of interaction between Titan's atmosphere and the corotating plasma in Saturn's plasmasphere. No particle-excited emission has been detected from the dark atmosphere of Titan. The absorption profile of the atmosphere determined by the solar occultation experiment, combined with constraints from the dayglow observations and temperature information, indicate that N(2) is the dominant species. A double layer structure has been detected above Titan's limb. One of the layers may be related to visible layers in the images of Titan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broadfoot, A L -- Sandel, B R -- Shemansky, D E -- Holberg, J B -- Smith, G R -- Strobel, D F -- McConnell, J C -- Kumar, S -- Hunten, D M -- Atreya, S K -- Donahue, T M -- Moos, H W -- Bertaux, J L -- Blamont, J E -- Pomphrey, R B -- Linick, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 10;212(4491):206-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17783831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1982-01-29
    Description: Combined analysis of helium (584 angstroms) airglow and the atmospheric occultations of the star delta Scorpii imply a vertical mixing parameter in Saturn's upper atmosphere of K (eddy diffusion coefficient) approximately 8 x 10(7) square centimeters per second, an order of magnitude more vigorous than mixing in Jupiter's upper atmosphere. Atmospheric H(2) band absorption of starlight yields a preliminary temperature of 400 K in the exosphere and a temperature near the homopause of approximately 200 K. The energy source for the mid-latitude H(2) band emission still remains a puzzle. Certain auroral emissions can be fully explained in terms of electron impact on H(2), and auroral morphology suggests a link between the aurora and the Saturn kilometric radiation. Absolute optical depths have been determined for the entire C ring andparts of the A and B rings. A new eccentric ringlet has been detected in the C ring. The extreme ultraviolet reflectance of the rings is fairly uniform at 3.5 to 5 percent. Collisions may control the distribution of H in Titan's H torus, which has a total vertical extent of approximately 14 Saturn radii normal to the orbit plane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandel, B R -- Shemansky, D E -- Broadfoot, A L -- Holberg, J B -- Smith, G R -- McConnell, J C -- Strobel, D F -- Atreya, S K -- Donahue, T M -- Moos, H W -- Hunten, D M -- Pomphrey, R B -- Linick, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 29;215(4532):548-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17771276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: Morphine and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalin as well as other opioids suppress potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled dopamine from neurons tissue of two marine invertebrates, Mytilus edulis and Octopus bimaculatus. Naloxone reverses the inhibitory effects in both species. Potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled serotonin is not altered by opioids. It is postulated that opiate receptors and their endogenous effectors play a prominent role in regulation of transmitter release in invertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stefano, G B -- Hall, B -- Makman, M H -- Dvorkin, B -- 1 S06 RR08171/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5P01 NS09649/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):928-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6266017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Enkephalins/pharmacology ; Ganglia/metabolism ; Mollusca/*physiology ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotics/*pharmacology ; Octopodiformes ; Receptors, Opioid/physiology ; Snails ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: A point mutation alters the 12th amino acid of the c-Ha-ras oncogene product p21 in a human bladder cancer cell line. This is, at present, the only mutation known to result in a human transforming gene. This mutation may therefore represent a possible target for mutagenesis leading to carcinogenesis in humans. By means of restriction enzyme analysis, 29 human cancers, including 20 primary tumor tissues, derived from organs commonly exposed to environmental carcinogens, were tested for the presence of this mutation. None of ten primary bladder carcinomas exhibited the mutation; nor did nine colon carcinomas or ten carcinomas of the lung. Thus the point mutation affecting the 12th amino acid of the c-Ha-ras gene product, while a valuable model for carcinogenesis, does not appear to play a role in the development of most human epithelial cancers of the bladder, colon, or lung.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinberg, A P -- Vogelstein, B -- Droller, M J -- Baylin, S B -- Nelkin, B D -- 09071/PHS HHS/ -- 24592/PHS HHS/ -- 31053/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; *Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Twenty-two young children, maintained on a diet that excluded certain foods, were challenged intermittently with a blend of seven artificial colors in a double-blind trial. Parents' observations provided the criteria of response. One child that responded mildly to the challenge and one that responded dramatically were detected. The latter, a 34-month-old female, showed a significant increase in aversive behaviors. These results further confirm previous controlled studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, B -- Williams, J H -- Margen, S -- Abrams, B -- Caan, B -- Citron, L J -- Cox, C -- McKibben, J -- Ogar, D -- Schultz, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1487-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/*drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Food Coloring Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/etiology ; Male
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodale, D P -- Rusterholz, D B -- Long, J P -- Flynn, J R -- Walsh, B -- Cannon, J G -- Lee, T -- GM 12675/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-22365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Levodopa/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Naphthols ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/*drug effects ; *Tetrahydronaphthalenes
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