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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-(Aminomethyl)chromans that inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and protect against central nervous system trauma and ischemia (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 35 (1992), S. 4464-4472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00101a025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel 21-aminosteroids that inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and protect against central nervous system trauma (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 33 (1990), S. 1145-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00166a010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A beam expander facility for studying x-ray optics : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1168-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The detailed study of the performance of full scale x-ray optics often requires the illumination of large areas. This paper describes a beam expander facility at the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Facility. It combines monochromatization and beam expansion in one dimension. The beam expansion is obtained from an extremely asymmetric reflection in a large single crystal of Si. An expansion of a factor of 50 was obtained in one dimension. The expanded beam of ∼85 mm is limited only by the crystal size. The facility is installed in a 12-m-long hutch. A specific application, in which a high throughput x-ray telescope will be studied, is described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 226-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: direct somatic embryogenesis ; primary and higher cycles ; liquid culture ; shoot development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In cassava a cyclic system of somatic embryogenesis was developed. Primary (torpedo shaped or germinated) embryos, originating from leaf lobes, could only be obtained after culture on solid medium. Cyclic embryos, originating from embryos, could be obtained in both liquid and on solid medium. The production of embryos in liquid medium was distinctly higher, faster and more synchronized than on solid medium. Lower densities and fragmentation of starting embryos improved the production significantly. The highest production found was 32.1 embryos per initial embryo. In all treatments the explants initiated multiple embryos. The production of single embryos was achieved by pressing starting embryos through a fine meshed sieve, indicating that embryos can be produced from a piece of tissue with a restricted number of cells. The shoot conversion rate of embryos from liquid medium was comparable with that of embryos from solid medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237059
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cDNA coding for branching enzyme in cassava (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 809-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Branching enzyme ; cassava ; cDNA ; expression pattern ; Manihot esculenta Crantz ; sequence homology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Branching enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylopectin in plant reserve starch. A cDNA coding for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) branching enzyme was cloned from a λgt11 cDNA library using a potato cDNA probe. The cloned cDNA was partially sequenced. The sequence data confirmed the identity of the clone when compared to that of potato, the homology being ca. 80% at the nucleotide level and 85% at the amino acid level. Furthermore, the cloned cassava cDNA was able to restore branching enzyme activity in a branching enzyme deficient Escherichia coli mutant. Results of the Southern analysis suggested that there is a single gene for this particular branching enzyme in the cassava genome. Study of expression patterns by northern hybridization showed that the gene is highly expressed in tubers. The transcript is detectable in stem and petiole, but not in leaves. In roots, the mRNA is hardly present. The expression levels at different stages of tuber growth are similar with exception of very young tubers in which it is relatively low. It is also shown that there is a difference in the level of branching enzyme expression between different cassava genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027152
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding granule-bound starch synthase in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its antisense expression in potato (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 947-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense effect ; granule-bound starch synthase ; cassava ; cDNA ; heterologous gene ; potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A tuber-specific cDNA library of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was constructed and a full-length cDNA for granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, also known as waxy protein), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in reserve starch, was cloned. Sequencing of the cloned cDNA showed that it has 74% identity with potato GBSS and 60–72% identity with GBSS from other plant species. The cDNA encodes a 608 amino acid protein of which 78 amino acids form a chloroplast/amyloplast transit peptide of 8.37 kDa. The mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 58.61 kDa (530 amino acids). Comparison of the GBSS proteins of various plant species and glycogen synthase of bacteria showed extensive identity among the mature form of plant GBSS proteins, in which the monocots and dicots form two separate branches in the evolutionary tree. From analysis of the genomic DNA of allotetraploid cassava, it is shown that GBSS is a low-copy-number gene. GBSS transcript is synthesized in a number of different organs, but most abundantly in tubers. Potato plants were transformed with the cassava GBSS cDNA in antisense orientation fused between the potato GBSS promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator. The expression of the endogenous GBSS gene in these transgenic potato plants was partially or completely inhibited. Complete inhibition of GBSS activity by the cassava antisense gene resulted in absence of GBSS protein and amylose giving rise to almost complete amylose-free potato starch. This shows that also heterologous genes can be used to achieve antisense effects in other plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021811
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a wild-type GBSS gene introduced into an amylose-free potato mutant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the inheritance of the inserts at the microsporic level (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Complementation ; Granule-bound starch synthase ; Amylose content ; Gene expression ; Inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) catalyses the synthesis of amylose in starch granules. Transformation of a diploid amylose-free (amf) potato mutant with the gene encoding GBSS leads to the restoration of amylose synthesis. Transformants were obtained which had wild-type levels of both GBSS activity and amylose content. It proved to be difficult to increase the amylose content above that of the wild-type potato by the introduction of additional copies of the wild-type GBSS gene. Staining of starch with iodine was suitable for investigating the degree of expression of the inserted GBSS gene in transgenic amf plants. Of the 19 investigated transformants, four had only red-staining starch in tubers indicating that no complementation of the amf mutation had occured. Fifteen complemented transformants had only blue-staining starch in tubers or tubers of different staining categories (blue, mixed and red), caused either by full or partial expression of the inserted gene. Complementation was also found in the microspores. The segregation of blue- and red-staining microspores was used to analyse the inheritance of the introduced GBSS genes. A comparison of the results from microspore staining and Southern hybridisation indicated that, in three tetraploid transgenics, the gene was probably inserted before (duplex), and in all others after, chromosome doubling (simplex). The partial complementation was not due to methylation of the HPAII/MSPI site in the promoter region. Partially complemented plants had low levels of mRNA as was found when the GBSS expression levels were inhibited by anti-sense technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223647
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementation of the amylose-free starch mutant of potato (Solanum tuberosum.) by the gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum. ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; Starch ; Amylose-free ; Waxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated introduction of the wild-type allele of the gene encoding granulebound starch synthase (GBSS) into the amylose-free starch mutantamf of potato leads to restoration of GBSS activity and amylose synthesis, which demonstrates thatAmf is the structural gene for GBSS. Amylose was found in columella cells of root tips, in stomatal guard cells, tubers, and pollen, while in the control experiments using only vector DNA, these tissues remained amylose free. This confirms the fact that, in potato, GBSS is the only enzyme responsible for the presence of amylose, accumulating in all starch-containing tissues. Amylose-containing transformants showed no positive correlation between GBSS activity and amylose content, which confirms that the former is not the sole regulating factor in amylose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190614
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of potato-tomato somatic hybrids using an amylose-free potato mutant as parental genotype (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Protoplast fusion ; Amylose-free potato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using different genotypes of tomato and diploid potato, possessing alien selectable markers as well as endogenous markers, very high frequencies of protoplast fusion hybrids were obtained. One endogenous genetic marker, the amylose-free (amf) mutant of potato, was helpful not only for the confirmation of fusion products but also for the study of genetic complementation and the segregation of amylose-free starch in microspores. Cytological analysis of the fusion hybrids indicated that except for one which was hexaploid, all of them had a perfectly balanced chromosome number of allotetraploid constitution (2n = 4x = 48). Despite normal chromosome pairing and a diploid behaviour, the microspores in some of the fusion hybrids segregated for the recessive amf-locus. This anomalous segregation of a recessive character in these hybrids was shown not to be due to chromosome elimination or to the absence of the wild-type tomato Amf gene. Although all fusion hybrids were totally sterile, the hexaploid produced stainable pollen and berries with badly developed seeds. Embryo rescue has so far failed to produce backcross progeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222854
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first and second backcross progeny of the intergeneric fusion hybrids of potato and tomato after crossing with potato (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Protoplast fusion ; Potato ; Tomato ; Post-fertilisation barriers ; Introgression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Somatic fusion hybrids between the diploid potato and tomato were backcrossed to several genotypes of potato. Two ploidy levels of fusion hybrids, 4x and 6x, were used as female parents in backcrosses with five clones of 4x-potato. An estimate of the berry set and “seed set” in immature berries harvested 14–21 days after pollination indicated that crosses between certain combinations of 6x-fusion hybrids and male parents were more successful than others. The culture of over 4000 young seeds from berries harvested 2–2.5 weeks after pollination gave rise to a single seedling, 93.6701, from the cross between the 6x-fusion hybrid C 31-17-1 and the 4x-potato AM 66.42. This seedling was found to possess a pentaploid chromosome number, which was expected of a 6x × 4x cross. Isozyme analysis and DNA hybridisation studies confirmed that the seedling 93.6701 was indeed a backcross (BC1) progeny. Morphologically, this BC1 plant resembled potato with respect to plant habit, leaf shape, stolons and tuber characteristics, while some of the characters, such as floral morphology and the fragrance of the crushed leaves (typical of tomato), were intermediate. It was male sterile but could be successfully hybridized with 4x-potato through in vitro culture of yound seeds; thus, BC2 plants were obtained. The possibilities of backcrossing and the potential use of BC1 and BC2 plants in genetics and breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225895
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