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  • 1
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    Field testing and exploitation of genetically modified cassava with low-amylose or amylose-free starch in Indonesia (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Print ISSN: 0962-8819
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-9368
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 226-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: direct somatic embryogenesis ; primary and higher cycles ; liquid culture ; shoot development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In cassava a cyclic system of somatic embryogenesis was developed. Primary (torpedo shaped or germinated) embryos, originating from leaf lobes, could only be obtained after culture on solid medium. Cyclic embryos, originating from embryos, could be obtained in both liquid and on solid medium. The production of embryos in liquid medium was distinctly higher, faster and more synchronized than on solid medium. Lower densities and fragmentation of starting embryos improved the production significantly. The highest production found was 32.1 embryos per initial embryo. In all treatments the explants initiated multiple embryos. The production of single embryos was achieved by pressing starting embryos through a fine meshed sieve, indicating that embryos can be produced from a piece of tissue with a restricted number of cells. The shoot conversion rate of embryos from liquid medium was comparable with that of embryos from solid medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237059
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from friable embryogenic callus of cassava (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Cassava ; Protoplast culture ; Friable embryogenic callus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from friable embryogenic callus (FEC) and from suspensions derived from FEC of cassava genotype TMS60444. Suspensions yielded the highest number of protoplasts (1.5×106 protoplasts/g fresh weight). Protoplasts plated at a density of 105–106/ml in a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 mg/l zeatin began dividing after 3 days, and after 30 days this resulted in an absolute plating efficiency as high as 2.5%. After 2 months of culture, 60% of the developed calli were highly friable and in appearance identical to the original FEC. The protoplast derived FEC was first purified through two rounds of selection of 3 weeks each before beeing cultured for regeneration of plants. This was done by culturing the protoplast-derived FEC for 11 weeks on maturation medium, yielding a maximum of 184 organized embryos per 10.000 initially cultured protoplasts. Most of the organized embryos were torpedo shaped and matured after they had been isolated from the calli and transferred to fresh medium. Mature embryos were multiplied by secondary somatic embryogenesis at high efficiency (〉90%) on a medium supplemented with 8 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. About 30% of the mature secondary somatic embryos developed into shoots after transfer to a medium supplemented with 1 mg/l N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Shoots rooted readily on a medium without BAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary somatic embryogenesis and applications in plant breeding (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 81 (1995), S. 93-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: plant regeneration ; cyclic somatic embryogenesis ; plant breeding ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Secondary somatic embryogenesis is the phenomenon whereby new somatic embryos are initiated from somatic embryos. Such cultures have been described in at least 80 Gymnosperm and Angiosperm species. In the initial step (primary somatic embryogenesis) such cultures have to be started from plant explants. In general, primary somatic embryogenesis from vegetative plant explants is, indirect and mostly driven by auxin (AUX) or auxin and cytokinin (AUX/CYT) supplemented media, whereas, from zygotic embryos it is direct and driven, to a larger extent, by CYT or growth regulator free media. Primary somatic embryogenesis from floral plant explants is between these two extremes. Indirect and direct somatic embryogenesis should be seen as two extremes of one continuum: in indirect somatic embryogenesis the embryos develop up to the (pre)-globular stage and in direct somatic embryogenesis to mature stages before they are subjected to secondary embryogenesis. In general, secondary embryogenesis requires no growth regulators in species with CYT driven primary embryogenesis. Whereas, continuous exposure to growth regulators is needed in species with CYT/AUX or AUX driven primary embryogenesis. In most species somatic embryos can be converted into shoots, although the frequencies are mostly low. In general, somatic embryos induced by growth regulator free or CYT supplemented media meet more difficulties in shoot development than embryos induced by AUX supplemented media. Applications of secondary somatic embryogenesis for plant breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022463
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction, germination and shoot development of somatic embryos in cassava (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 33 (1993), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: cassava ; plant regeneration ; somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four Indonesian and two Latin-American cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta Crantz), were evaluated for their ability to develop somatic embryos from young leaf lobes. All genotypes formed somatic embryos but they differed in the frequency of embryos induced. The best genotypes, M. Col 22 and Tjurug, produced germinating embryos (GE) on 81% (22.1 GE/initial leaf lobe) and 46% (4.3 GE/initial leaf lobe) of the cultured leaf lobes, respectively. Up to 57% of the germinating embryos of M. Col 22 and 12% of Tjurug produced either normal or malformed shoots. Most malformed shoots developed into shoots with normal morphology after prolonged culture. All shoots formed roots after transfer to medium without BAP. Roots of all normal and most malformed regenerants had the original ploidy level (2n=36). Regardless of whether the plants were multipliedin vitro (150 plants) or in the greenhouse (30 plants) there were no morphological differences compared to parent plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983228
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants by particle bombardment using luciferase activity as selection marker (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 2 (1996), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: cassava ; genetic modification ; luciferase ; particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cassava embroids derived from friable embryogenic callus of the genotype TMS60444 were bombarded with DNA of the constructs pJIT100 or pJIT64. Both constructs contain the non-invasive reporter gene luciferase from firefly driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. The influence of several particle gun machine parameters and pretreatment of plant material on transient luciferase activity were studied to determine the most essential conditions for stable transformation. Two weeks after bombardment pieces of friable calli with luciferase activity were selected. In total, 67 independent selected calli with luciferase activity (spots), derived from five different experiments, were further cultured either in liquid or on solid medium. Per plate or flask one spot was cultured. In subsequent selection rounds all spots of one individual plate or flask were cultured as one individual group. In this way different transformation events were separated and multiplied. Eight weeks after bombardment 34 cultures still contained luciferase activity. The mean number of luciferase spots per culture had increased from 1 to 4.6 spots in liquid and to 2.5 spots on solid medium. After two more months of subsequent culture and luciferase selection presence of the construct in these cultures was confirmed at the molecular level using the polymerase chain reaction assay and Southern analysis. Friable embryos derived from four transformation events were cultured for maturation. Between 3% and 21% of the mature embryos of the different transformation events were luciferase-positive. After multiplication of the luciferase-positive mature embryos by secondary somatic embryogenesis they were germinated. The plantlets analysed contained one to several copies of the inserted DNA. The method presented enables the transformation of this particular cassava genotype, thus allowing the genetic improvement of this important tropical crop by transgenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437912
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