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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection, characterization and regeneration of hydroxyproline-resistant cell lines of Solanum tuberosum: Tolerance to NaCl and freezing stress (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 68 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sixty-seven hydroxyproline-resistant (hypr) cell lines were selected from cell suspensions of a diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L., clone H2578) after plating on 5 and 10 mM hydroxyproline (hyp). Resistant colonies were obtained with a spontaneous frequency of 2.9×10−6. No clear influence could be shown from treatment with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (10 or 50 μM). Ninety % of the variant lines contained more proline than the wild type when cells were grown away from hyp for 1 month. Total free amino acid content was increased 2.2 to 6.8 times. When the lines were grown for another 2–5 months on non-selective medium, the content of proline and other amino acids and hyp resistance decreased. After this period the values were, however, still substantially higher than in the wild type. When tested for growth on media with other amino acid analogues (azetidine-2-carboxylic acid and dehydroproline, analogues of proline; aminoethyl-cysteine, analogue of lysine and 3-fluorotyrosine, analogue of tyrosine) and on media with inhibitory concentrations of lysine + threonine. lines H4a and H4b4 were cross resistant to these compounds. When tested on media with inhibitory NaCl concentrations, variant lines H2a, H4a, and H6 showed better tolerance than the wild type. One variant cell line (H4a) was successfully regenerated into plants. Preliminary results showed an increased frost tolerance in the leaves of these plants (−4.5°C compared to −3°C for the wild type), accompanied by a higher leaf proline content. Callus initiated from leaves of the regenerated clones was more resistant to hyp than wild type callus, indicating that the variant trait might be due to a mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb03366.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of chlorate and other ions in seedlings of the nitrate-uptake mutant B1 of Arabidopsis thaliana (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 66 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The accumulation of labelled ions was measured in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. grown in submerged cultures. Genotypes used were wild type and the nitrate-uptake mutant B1, which is altered in the uptake of nitrate and chlorate from concentrations above 1 mM when grown under normal conditions. At low and high concentrations of chlorate, chloride, and K+, significantly less radioactivity was accumulated in seedlings of B1 than in seedlings of wild type. The influx of sulphate did not decrease in B1. The results indicate that the effect of the mutation in B1 is restricted to the uptake of monovalent ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02418.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of Nitrate by Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, Disturbed in Uptake or Reduction of Nitrate (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A study of nitrate and chlorate uptake by Arabidopsis thaliana was made with a wildtype and two mutant types, both mutants having been selected by resistance to high chlorate concentrations. All plants were grown on a nutrient solution with nitrate and/or ammonium as the nitrogen source. Uptake was determined from depletion in the ambient solution. Nitrate and chlorate were able to induce their own uptake mechanisms. Plants grown on ammonium nitrate showed a higher subsequent uptake rate of nitrate and chlorate than plants grown on ammonium alone.Mutant B25, which has no nitrate reductase activity, showed higher rates of nitrate and chlorate uptake than the wildtype, when both types were grown on ammonium nitrate. Therefore, the uptake of nitrate is not dependent on the presence of nitrate reductase. Nitrate has a stimulating effect on nitrate and chlorate uptake, whereas some product of nitrate and ammonium assimilation inhibits uptake of both ions by negative feedback. Mutant B 1, which was supposed to have a low chlorate uptake rate, also has disturbed uptake characteristics for nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb01592.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 64 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Frost tolerance and leaf proline content were examined in a number of potato hybrids selected for frost tolerance and in the cv. Astarte before and after hardening. Cold hardening (2°C for 20 days) in a dry environment (50/90% relative humidity, day/night) resulted in decreased water content, increased proline content and increased frost tolerance of the leaves of all genotypes. Frost tolerance before and after hardening was positively related to leaf proline content, but not to leaf water content. Drought stress alone, imposed by wilting excised leaves for 4 days, resulted in an accumulation of proline comparable to that after hardening in a dry environment, but the increase in frost tolerance was smaller. Cold hardening in a humid environment (90% relative humidity continuously) only caused a minor accumulation of proline and a small increase in frost tolerance, but the increase in frost tolerance was high in relation to the amount of proline accumulated. Proline, exogenously applied to one of the genotypes, was accumulated in the leaves of shoot cultures, resulting in an increase in frost tolerance. A possible role of proline in frost tolerance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb02341.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate reduction in the wildtype and a nitrate reductase deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 54 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A chlorate-resistant mutant B25 of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heinh. was isolated, which has very little or no in vitro nitrate reductase activity and grows poorly on a substrate with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. The mutation of B25 (rgn) is monogenic and recessive, tightly linked to the marker gene an on chromosome 1. Nitrate induces cytochrome-c reductase activity in the mutant but to a lower level than in the wildtype. After sucrose gradient centrifugation the greatest part of the cytochrome-c reductase from induced wildtype is found as 8s type whereas cytochrome-c reductase from B25 under the same conditions is found as 4s type. Nitrate reductase is found at the 8s position. It is suggested that B25 has lost the ability to assemble two 4s subunits showing cytochrome-c reductase activity and a Mo-bearing co-factor into the functional nitrate reductase. Nitrate rather than nitrite is the inducing agent for nitrite reductase, since in B25 nitrite reductase is even more rapidly induced than in the wildtype after addition of nitrate. Both the wildtype and B25 contain a nitrate reductase inhibiting factor when grown on ammonium. This inhibiting factor is a small protein, possibly similar to the nitrate reductase inactivating enzyme reported for other plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00270.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate reductase deficient cell lines from diploid cell cultures and lethal mutant M2 plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 556-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Chlorate resistance ; Nitrate reductase deficiency ; Suspension cultures ; M2-seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell suspensions of diploid Arabidopsis thaliana were screened for resistance to chlorate on a medium with ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source, and after plating on filters to increase the plating efficiency. Thirty-nine lines were selected, four of which were still resistant after two years of subculturing on non-selective medium. Of the latter lines three were nitrate reductase deficient but exhibited some residual nitrate reductase activity; the fourth line showed a high level of enzyme activity. Screening M2-seeds for callus production on selective medium with amino acids as the nitrogen source and chlorate revealed resistant calli in 17 out of 483 M2-groups. Nine well-growing lines, all but one (G3) exhibiting no detectable in vivo nitrate reductase activity, were classified as defective in the cofactor. Two lines (G1 and G3) could be analysed genetically at the plant level. Chlorate resistance was monogenic and recessive. Sucrose gradient fractionation of callus extracts of G1 revealed that a complete enzyme molecule can be assembled. Nitrate reductase activity in G1 could partly be restored by excess molybdenum. It is suggested that G1 is disturbed in the catalytic properties of the cofactor. It appeared that G1 is neither allelic with another molybdenum repairable mutant (B73) nor with another cofactor mutant (B25). Wilting of intact G1 plants could be ascribed to non-closing stomata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reverse mutants of the nitrate reductase-deficient mutant B 25 of Arabidopsis thaliana (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Suppressor ; Nitrate reductase deficient mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Revertants of B25, a nitrate reductase-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heinh, were isolated with a high frequency. All 7 independently arisen revertants were mutations in the same suppressor gene su, which is unlinked to the originally mutated gene rgn. The mutant character shows up both in growth on nitrate as the sole nitrogen source and in susceptibility to chlorate. When judged for these properties the mutant alleles are either dominant for both, recessive for both or dominant for growth on nitrate and recessive for the effect of chlorate, when compared to the wildtype allele. Whereas the original mutant B25 exhibits no or very little nitrate reductase activity, the activities of the revenants were in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 of the wildtype activity. Physiological characteristics of nitrate reductase from the revertants are the same as those from the wildtype. Probably rgn is not the structural gene for nitrate reductase. The ability to assemble the nitrate reductase complex from its subunits, which was absent in mutant B25, appears to have been restored in the revertants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273784
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient transformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using a binary vector in Agrobacterium rhizogenes (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 594-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; Solanum tuberosum ; Binary vector ; Neomycin phosphotransferase II ; β-Glucuronidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We transformed three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes by using A. rhizogenes or a mixture of A. rhizogenes and A. tumefaciens. Inoculations of potato stem segments were performed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes AM8703 containing two independent plasmids: the wild-type Ri-plasmid, pRI1855, and the binary vector plasmid, pBI121. In mixed inoculation experiments, Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA1334 (pRI1855) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens AM8706 containing the disarmed Ti-plasmid (pAL4404) and the binary vector plasmid (pBI121) were mixed in a 1∶1 ratio. The T-DNA of the binary vector plasmid pBI121 contained two marker genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase, which confers resistance to kanamycin, and β-glucuronidase. Both transformation procedures gave rise to hairy roots on potato stem segments within 2 weeks. With both procedures it was possible to obtain transformed hairy roots, able to grow on kanamycin and possessing β-glucuronidase activity, without selection pressure. The efficiency of the A. rhizogenes AM8703 transformation, however, was much higher than that of the “mixed” transformation. Up to 60% of the hairy roots resulting from the former transformation method were kanamycin resistant and possessed β-glucuronidase activity. There was no correlation between the height of the kanamycin resistance and that of the β-glucuronidase activity in a root clone. Hairy roots obtained from a diploid potato genotype turned out to be diploid in 80% of the cases. Transformed potato plants were recovered from Agrobacterium rhizogenes AM8703-induced hairy roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290847
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes in somatic hybrids between Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and a monoploid potato (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1987), S. 170-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosome instability ; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; Solanum tuberosum ; Somatic hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of the monohaploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clone H7322 were fused with callus protoplasts of nitrate reductase deficient (NR−) mutants Cnx 20 and NA 36 of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Somatic hybrid lines were selected for nitrate reductase proficiency. All callus lines tested appeared to be stable for the retention of the potato chromosome carrying the compensating NR gene when grown for over 1.5 years in the absence of nitrate. Shoots were regenerated from six different fusion lines of Cnx 20 + H7322 24 months after fusion. Chromosomal analysis in callus cultures revealed that in both fusion combinations 40–120 N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes were present, as were 9–20 potato chromosomes. Cells with 17 potato chromosomes in combination with a relatively small number (31) of N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes were found in one line. Preferential loss of species-specific chromosomes was not observed. Analysis of regenerating tissue from three lines of Cnx 20 + H7322 revealed that after 24 months of culture intra- and intergeneric translocations, fragments and deletions were present. Elimination of the potato and N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes had taken place before and after genome doubling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249160
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of an amylose-free starch mutant of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1987), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Mutant ; Starch composition ; Granule-bound starch synthase ; amylose-free
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An amylose-free potato mutant was isolated after screening 12,000 minitubers. These minitubers had been induced on stem segments of adventitious shoots, which had been regenerated on leaf explants of a monoploid potato clone after Röntgen-irradiation. The mutant character is also expressed in subterranean tubers and in microspores. Starch granules from the mutant showed a strongly reduced activity of the granule bound starch synthase and loss of the major 60 kd protein from the starch granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249167
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