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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kosten und Nutzen von Zweitbruten bei der Tannenmeise (Parus ater) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 136 (1995), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Aufforstungsgebiet mit Japanlärche und Waldkiefer von 325 ha bei Lingen/Emsland mit 600 künstlichen Nisthöhlen konnten 1974–1993 jährlich 16–98 Brutpaare der Tannenmeise kontrolliert werden; rund zwei Drittel der Paare brüteten im Mittel aller Jahre zweimal pro Saison. Die Reproduktionsrate (Zahl flügger Nestlinge), die lokale Rekrutierungsrate (Zahl der sich fortpflanzenden geburtsortstreuen Jungvögel) und die Überlebensrate einjähriger Tannenmeisen-♀, die nur einmal brüteten (Gruppe 1), wird verglichen mit einjährigen ♀ mit zwei Bruten (Gruppe 2); einjährige ♀ mit mißglückter Erst- oder Zweitbrut blieben unberücksichtigt. Als Maß für die Überlebensrate gilt die lokale Wiederfangrate der ♀. Gruppe 2 hatte eine gesichert höhere Reproduktions- und Rekrutierungsrate als Gruppe 1, und zwar nicht nur im 1. Brutjahr, sondern auch über alle Lebenszeit-Brutjahre (lifetime reproduction). Zwischen Brutenzahl und Wiederfangrate der ♀ im jeweils nächsten Jahr besteht eine gesichert positive Beziehung. Dies dürfte auf im Duchschnitt bessere „Qualität“ der ♀ mit Zweitbruten zurückzuführen sein. Die Ergebnisse stimmen nicht mit der „cost of reproduction hypothesis“ überein.
    Notes: Abstract We compared the reproductive output, local recruitment rates and survival rates of 1 year old Coal Tit females breeding only once („group 1“) with the corresponding values of 1 year old females breeding twice („group 2“). One year old females which failed first or second broods were excluded. Survival was estimated by the local recovery rate of females during the next breeding season. Our data do not fit with the „cost of reproduction hypothesis“ as females with significantly higher reproductive output and recruitment („group 2“) did not show lower survival. We even found a significantly positive correlation between production of a second brood and recovery rate the next year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01647205
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schubert polynomials of types A--D (1999)
    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 100 (1999), S. 55-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):05E15, 14M15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract: Schubert polynomials of type B, C, and D have been described first by S. Billey and M. Haiman [BH] using a combinatorial method. In this paper we give a unified algebraic treatment of Schubert polynomials of types A–D in the style of the Lascoux–Schützenberger theory in type A, i.e. Schubert polynomials are generated by the application of sequences of divided difference operators to “top polynomials”. The use of the creation operators for Q-Schur and P-Schur functions allows us to give: (1) simple and natural forms of the “top polynomials”, (2) formulas for the easy computation with all divided differences, (3) recursive structures, and (4) simplified derivations of basic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002290050195
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgG receptor polymorphisms: risk factors for disease (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 48 (1998), S. 222-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Fc receptor ; Polymorphism ; Autoimmune disorder ; Infectious disease ; Leukocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two groups of receptors for immunoglobulin G (FcγR) can be distinguished. Endothelial cells and placental syncytiotrophoblasts express an MHC class I-like FcγR important for regulation of IgG half-life and IgG transport, respectively. FcγR expressed on leukocytes constitute a heterogeneous family of membrane bound and soluble proteins. The various FcγR (sub) classes of this family differ in ligand affinity and specificity, which is determined by primary structure, glycosylation, association with signaling subunits, and environmental factors (such as serine proteases). The finding that polymorphisms of FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb critically affect interaction with antibodies has prompted analysis in patients which provided tantalizing evidence for the relevance of FcγR polymorphisms as risk factors for a number of infectious and autoimmune diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050426
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternatively spliced forms of the human myeloid Fcα receptor (CD89) in neutrophils (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 246-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587311
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternatively spliced forms of the human myeloid Fc&; receptor (CD89) in neutrophils (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 246-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the human myeloid IgA Fc receptor I (CD89) gene in a cosmid clone (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 586-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words IgA Fc receptor I ; CD89 ; IgA nephropathy ; Polyadenylation site ; Pseudo-exon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050544
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared photofragmentation spectra of size-selected SF6⋅Ar+n cluster ions (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 5177-5193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results are presented of a detailed experimental study of the infrared photofragmentation patterns of size-selected SF6⋅Ar+n cluster ions for n in the range 3 to 70. Line-tuneable CO2 and N2O lasers have been used to excited the ν3 vibrational mode of the SF6 molecule which is followed by the loss of one and two argon atoms as the principal fragmentation routes. Which of the two processes is dominant depends quite strongly on the size of the cluster ion concerned, with very pronounced fluctuations in the relative intensities of photofragments being observed for cluster ions in the range SF6⋅Ar+3 to SF6⋅Ar+25. Only for SF6⋅Ar+3 is the fragmentation pattern markedly different from that found for the other ions; an observation that supports an earlier conclusion regarding the relative ionisation energies of the two constituents [Stace et al. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 11363 (1993)]. A summation of fragment ion intensities as a function of laser wavelength is used to determine infrared absorption profiles and these have been recorded for individual clusters containing up to 70 argon atoms. Clusters containing fewer than 40 argon atoms appear to form single structures, with both the absorption profile shapes and selected hole-burning experiments suggesting that the number of isomers is small.The presence of isomers only appears to become significant when the clusters contain more than 40 argon atoms. The observation of site splittings for the triply degenerate ν3 vibrational mode of SF6, together with the comparatively narrow linewidths seen for clusters containing between 15 and 40 rare gas atoms, indicates the presence of ordered structures. Such a conclusion implies that the clusters are solidlike rather than liquidlike. Overall, the results demonstrate that there is a clear correlation between those criteria previously used to identify the presence of stable cluster ion structures, i.e., mass spectra and unimolecular fragmentation patterns, and the corresponding infrared fragmentation patterns and absorption profiles. Of the ions studied, SF6⋅Ar+21 stands out as being particularly stable and worthy of future theoretical attention. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470555
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for enzyme complexes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 107 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A growing body of evidence indicates that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism is catalyzed, not by free-floating ‘soluble’ enzymes, but via one or more membrane-associated multienzyme complexes. This type of macromolecular organization has important implications for the overall efficiency, specificity, and regulation of these pathways. Classical biochemical studies of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism have laid a solid foundation for this model, providing evidence of the channeling of intermediates between enzyme active sites and co-localization of enzymes in cell membranes. This work is now being extended using transgenic plants to determine how the partitioning of metabolites within these pathways is controlled, as well as applying sensitive methods to define specific interactions among the individual enzymes. Information from these studies promises to provide new insights into the structuring of biosynthetic pathways within cells, which should lead to more effective means for engineering the production of plant metabolites with nutritional and agronomic importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.100119.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an intracellular niche for Bordetella pertussis in broncho-alveolar lavage cells of mice (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bordetella pertussis can attach, invade and survive intracellularly in human macrophages in vitro. To study the significance of this bacterial feature in vivo, we analyzed the presence of viable bacteria in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cells of mice infected with B. pertussis. We found B. pertussis to be present in a viable state in BAL fluid cells until at least 19 days after infection, suggesting B. pertussis to be able to survive in those cells. This intracellular niche may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pertussis. Pertussis toxin and the RGD sequence of the virulence factor filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) both play a role in the attachment of B. pertussis to human and mouse macrophages in vitro and we hypothesized these virulence factors to be required for invasion and subsequent intracellular survival of B. pertussis in macrophages in vivo. A B. pertussis double mutant, in which the FHA RGD motif was changed to RAD and the ptx genes were deleted, was also found in a viable state in BAL fluid cells, albeit at lower levels than the wild-type strain. In our model, uptake of B. pertussis by alveolar phagocytes in vivo is thus, at least in part, determined by the bacterial virulence factors FHA and pertussis toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01391.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langzeit-Erfassung brutbiologischer Parameter beim KleiberSitta europaea in zwei norddeutschen Untersuchungsräumen (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 137 (1996), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Zusammenstellung liegen Befunde zu den brutbiologischen Parametern Gelegestärke, Schlüpftermin und Anzahl flügger Junge zugrunde, die von 1970–1995 an rund 1500 Erstbruten des Kleibers in Versuchsgebieten mit künstlichen Nisthöhlen bei Braunschweig und Essen gewonnen wurden. Die Vollgelege-Eizahl beträgt im Durchschnitt 6,8 Eier (nur Daten aus dem Braunschweiger Raum), der durchschnittliche Schlüpftermin fällt auf den 9. Mai (Braunschweig) und 6. Mai (Essen) und die Anzahl flügger Nestlinge liegt in erfolgreichen Bruten im Mittel bei 5,6 (Braunschweig) bzw. 5,2 (Essen). Im Untersuchungszeitraum kam es in beiden Gebietsregionen zu einer signifikanten Verfrühung des Bruttermins. Doch werden wohl erst die Befunde der kommenden Jahre zeigen können, ob die rezente Häufung früher Brutjahre beim Kleiber (diese Arbeit) und bei Kohl- und Blaumeisen (Winkel &Hudde unveröff.) bereits eine Folge des anthropogen bedingten “global warming” ist oder noch das normale Auf und Ab der Witterung widerspiegelt.
    Notes: Abstract Between 1970 and 1995, nestbox data about clutch size, hatching date and fledging success were collected for a total of around 1500 first broods of Nuthatches in two north German study areas (near Brunswick 52.16 N 10.32 E and near Essen 51.24 N 6.59 E). The average clutch size was 6.8 eggs (Brunswick), the average hatching date 9 May (Brunswick) and 6 May (Essen), and the mean number of fledglings per successful brood 5.6 (Brunswick) and 5.2 (Essen). Over time hatching dates significantly advanced in both areas. Data of further years are needed to clarify if the recent unusual sequence of early breeding years in the Nuthatch is already a consequence of the anthropogenic “greenhouse effect” or just due to normal variation of weather conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01653634
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