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  • 2000-2004  (114)
  • 1
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    T cell receptor signaling precedes immunological synapse formation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: The area of contact between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) is known as the immunological synapse. Although its exact function is unknown, one model suggests that it allows for T cell receptor (TCR) clustering and for sustained signaling in T cells for many hours. Here we demonstrate that TCR-mediated tyrosine kinase signaling in naive T cells occurred primarily at the periphery of the synapse and was largely abated before mature immunological synapses had formed. These data suggest that many hours of TCR signaling are not required for T cell activation. These observations challenge current ideas about the role of immunological synapses in T cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Kyeong-Hee -- Holdorf, Amy D -- Dustin, Michael L -- Chan, Andrew C -- Allen, Paul M -- Shaw, Andrey S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1539-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, Box 8118, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Endocytosis ; Enzyme Activation ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Intercellular Junctions/*immunology/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptides/immunology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Time Factors ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    An antimicrobial peptide gene found in the male reproductive system of rats (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-07
    Description: Little is known about the innate defense mechanisms of the male reproductive tract. We cloned a 385-base pair complementary DNA and its genomic DNA named Bin1b that is exclusively expressed in the caput region of the rat epididymis and that is responsible for sperm maturation, storage, and protection. Bin1b exhibits structural characteristics and antimicrobial activity similar to that of cationic antimicrobial peptides, beta-defensins. Bin1b is maximally expressed when the rats are sexually mature and can be up-regulated by inflammation. Bin1b appears to be a natural epididymis-specific antimicrobial peptide that plays a role in reproductive tract host defense and male fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, P -- Chan, H C -- He, B -- So, S C -- Chung, Y W -- Shang, Q -- Zhang, Y D -- Zhang, Y L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1783-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320, Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Epididymis/*immunology/physiology ; Epididymitis/immunology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sequence Alignment ; Sexual Maturation ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Up-Regulation ; beta-Defensins/chemistry/*genetics/pharmacology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    PEST domain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (PEP) regulation of effector/memory T cells (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: Protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate normal immune cell function. We examined the role of PEST domain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (PEP) in regulating T cell antigen-receptor function during thymocyte development and peripheral T cell differentiation. Although normal naive T cell functions were retained in pep-deficient mice, effector/memory T cells demonstrated enhanced activation of Lck. In turn, this resulted in increased expansion and function of the effector/memory T cell pool, which was also associated with spontaneous development of germinal centers and elevated serum antibody levels. These results revealed a central role for PEP in negatively regulating specific aspects of T cell development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasegawa, Kiminori -- Martin, Flavius -- Huang, Guangming -- Tumas, Dan -- Diehl, Lauri -- Chan, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):685-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Gene Targeting ; Germinal Center/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Structural basis of mitochondrial tethering by mitofusin complexes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Vesicle fusion involves vesicle tethering, docking, and membrane merger. We show that mitofusin, an integral mitochondrial membrane protein, is required on adjacent mitochondria to mediate fusion, which indicates that mitofusin complexes act in trans (that is, between adjacent mitochondria). A heptad repeat region (HR2) mediates mitofusin oligomerization by assembling a dimeric, antiparallel coiled coil. The transmembrane segments are located at opposite ends of the 95 angstrom coiled coil and provide a mechanism for organelle tethering. Consistent with this proposal, truncated mitofusin, in an HR2-dependent manner, causes mitochondria to become apposed with a uniform gap. Our results suggest that HR2 functions as a mitochondrial tether before fusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshiba, Takumi -- Detmer, Scott A -- Kaiser, Jens T -- Chen, Hsiuchen -- McCaffery, J Michael -- Chan, David C -- R01 GM62967/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR019409-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):858-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Membrane Fusion ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Inactivation of TNF signaling by rationally designed dominant-negative TNF variants (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steed, Paul M -- Tansey, Malu G -- Zalevsky, Jonathan -- Zhukovsky, Eugene A -- Desjarlais, John R -- Szymkowski, David E -- Abbott, Christina -- Carmichael, David -- Chan, Cheryl -- Cherry, Lisa -- Cheung, Peter -- Chirino, Arthur J -- Chung, Hyo H -- Doberstein, Stephen K -- Eivazi, Araz -- Filikov, Anton V -- Gao, Sarah X -- Hubert, Rene S -- Hwang, Marian -- Hyun, Linus -- Kashi, Sandhya -- Kim, Alice -- Kim, Esther -- Kung, James -- Martinez, Sabrina P -- Muchhal, Umesh S -- Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T -- O'Brien, Christopher -- O'Keefe, Donald -- Singer, Karen -- Vafa, Omid -- Vielmetter, Jost -- Yoder, Sean C -- Dahiyat, Bassil I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Xencor, 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy ; Biopolymers ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to N-diphenylphosphinoylimines employing N,N-dialkyl-1,2-diphenyl-2-aminoethanols as chiral ligands (2001)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-4039
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3581
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net shape ceramic microcomponents by modified sol–gel casting (2000)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 6 (2000), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Development of ceramic microcomponents can open up the current silicon-based MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) technology to new applications, especially for use in high temperature, chemically reactive environments. We report a study of sol–gel technologies applied to the fabrication of microcomponents. Organic/inorganic hybrid materials, particularly silica-based hybrids, were developed by sol–gel processing. A weak silica network was made possible by using acid catalyst, low functionality organic precursor in the sol preparation. Since the weak network has a high tendency to collapse, the result is a denser material. Incorporation of organic ligands modifies the surface chemistry of gel network so that a greater drying stress was developed and a denser hybrid structure was achieved without high temperature treatment. In addition, the incorporation of organic ligands prevented formation of cracks. Nanoscale oxide particles were dispersed and incorporated into the gel network by surface condensation. The incorporation of titania nanoparticles into sols greatly reduced the volume shrinkage of gels and enhanced the mechanical strength of the components. In this work, silica sol was also applied to coat metallic microcomponents and a thin uniform coating was formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420000051
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal morphology and phase purity of diamond crystallites during bias enhanced nucleation and initial growth stages (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3354-3360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystal morphologies and phase composition of diamond crystallites during bias enhanced nucleation and initial growth stages in microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Diamond nuclei were first formed in the central regions of substrates and then propagated to the sample edges. During the course of bias nucleation, excessive ion bombardment induced secondary nucleation sites on the already formed nuclei. The secondary nucleation deteriorated the overall alignment of the growing crystals. Hence, the elimination of secondary nucleation and homogeneous nucleation over substrates are fundamental requirements for the deposition of large-area uniformly oriented diamond films. Decreasing reactant pressure was found to be effective for improving plasma homogeneity and consequently nucleation uniformity. The results of bias enhanced nucleation within a pressure range from 8 to 20 Torr showed that the lower pressure of reactants enlarged the area of oriented diamond films. However, the optimum bias and duration of nucleation was found to be specific for each pressure. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289071
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitridation and annealing on interface properties of thermally oxidized SiO2/SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor system (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3744-3746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of N2O nitridation and subsequent annealing in different conditions on thermally oxidized n-type 6H–silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) interface properties were investigated. Influence of high-field stress on the MOS system was also studied. The nitrided device annealed in dry or wet O2 is found to have lower interface-state density compared to the device annealed in N2 because the reoxidation can reduce nitridation-induced interface damage. Furthermore, significantly less shift of flatband voltage during high-field stress for all nitrided devices indicates much better oxide reliability by replacing strained Si–O bonds with stronger Si–N bonds during nitridation. This is further supported by the fact that annealing of the nitrided device in dry or wet oxygen slightly reduces the robustness of the oxide. In summary, the O2-annealing conditions have to be optimized to deliver a proper tradoff between interface quality and reliability. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126769
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved stochastic separated flow model for turbulent two-phase flow (2000)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 24 (2000), S. 491-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  An improved stochastic separated flow model is proposed to obtain reasonable statistical characteristics of a two-phase flow. Effects of the history of a particle and its current trajectory position on the mean-square fluctuating velocity of the dispersed phase are continuously considered in this model. Comparing with the conventional model, results using the improved model are more reasonable and can also be obtained more easily. Furthermore, the improved model requires less computational particles for simulating dispersed-phase turbulence at the beginning of the stochastic trajectory. In this paper, an application in turbulent two-phase flow of planar mixing layer is carried out. Numerical results including velocity, mean-square fluctuating velocity, particle number density and pdf of fluctuation velocity of dispersed phase are shown to compare well with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050008
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