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  • American Meteorological Society
  • PANGAEA
  • 2015-2019  (2,691)
  • 1940-1944  (14)
  • 1935-1939  (42)
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  • 1
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    Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA): characterisation of trace gases and aerosol at the urban, marine and biogenic interface in summer in Wollongong, Australia (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Paton-Walsh, Clare; Guérette, Elise-Andrée; Kubistin, Dagmar; Humphries, Ruhi S; Wilson, Stephen R; Dominick, Doreena; Galbally, Ian; Buchholz, Rebecca R; Bhujel, Mahendra; Chambers, Scott D; Cheng, Min; Cope, Martin; Davy, Perry; Emmerson, Kathryn M; Griffith, David W T; Griffiths, Alan D; Keywood, Melita D; Lawson, Sarah; Molloy, Suzie; Rea, Geraldine; Selleck, Paul; Shi, Xue; Simmons, Jack B; Velazco, Voltaire (2017): The MUMBA Campaign: Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air. Earth System Science Data, 9(1), 349-362, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-349-2017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign took place in Wollongong, New South Wales (a small coastal city approximately 80 km south of Sydney, Australia), from 21st December 2012 to 15th February 2013. Instruments were deployed during MUMBA to measure the gaseous and aerosol composition of the atmosphere with the aim of providing a detailed characterisation of the complex environment of the ocean/forest/urban interface that could be used to test the skill of atmospheric models. Gases measured included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and many of the most abundant volatile organic compounds. Aerosol characterisation included total particle counts above 3 nm, total cloud condensation nuclei counts; mass concentration of PM2.5, number concentration size distribution, aerosol chemical analyses and elemental analysis. Meteorological measurements and LIDAR measurements were also performed. The campaign captured varied meteorological conditions, including two extreme heat events, providing a potentially valuable test for models of future air quality in a warmer climate. There was also an episode when the site sampled clean marine air for many hours, providing a useful additional measure of background concentrations of these trace gases within this poorly sampled region of the globe. Here we present the observations recorded at the MUMBA site during the campaign, as well as radon and air quality data from nearby sites. These records can be used for testing chemical transport models.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 17 datasets
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  • 2
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    IODP Expedition 337, Shimokita Deep Coalbed Biosphere (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Inagaki, F; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Kubo, Y; Bowles, Marshall W; Heuer, Verena B; Hong, W-L; Hoshino, Tatsuhiko; Ijiri, Akira; Imachi, H; Ito, M; Kaneko, Masanori; Lever, Mark A; Lin, Yu-Shih; Methe, B A; Morita, S; Morono, Yuki; Tanikawa, Wataru; Bihan, M; Bowden, Stephen A; Elvert, Marcus; Glombitza, Clemens; Gross, D; Harrington, G J; Hori, T; Li, K; Limmer, D; Liu, Chiung-Hui; Murayama, M; Ohkouchi, Naohiko; Ono, Shuhei; Park, Young-Soo; Phillips, S C; Prieto-Mollar, Xavier; Purkey, M; Riedinger, Natascha; Sanada, Yoshinori; Sauvage, J; Snyder, Glen T; Susilawati, R; Takano, Yoshinori; Tasumi, E; Terada, Takeshi; Tomaru, Hitoshi; Trembath-Reichert, E; Wang, D T; Yamada, Y (2015): Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. Science, 439 (6246), 420-424, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6882
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-29
    Description: Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from 〈10 to ~10**4 cells cm**-3. Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 3
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V4 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (〉100 contributors). SOCAT version 4 has 18.5 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations with an accuracy of better than 5 µatm from 1957 to 2015 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Automation of data upload and initial data checks speeds up data submission and allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT represents a milestone in research coordination, data access, biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1265 datasets
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  • 4
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    Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core isotope record (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bertler, Nancy A; Conway, Howard; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Emanuelsson, Urban; Winstrup, Mai; Vallelonga, Paul T; Lee, James E; Brook, Edward J; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P; Fudge, Tyler J; Keller, Elizabeth D; Baisden, W Troy; Hindmarsh, Richard C A; Neff, Peter D; Blunier, Thomas; Edwards, Ross L; Mayewski, Paul Andrew; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Buizert, Christo; Canessa, Silvia; Dadic, Ruzica; Kjær, Helle Astrid; Kurbatov, Andrei; Zhang, Dongqi; Waddington, Edwin D; Baccolo, Giovanni; Beers, Thomas; Brightley, Hannah J; Carter, Lionel; Clemens-Sewall, David; Ciobanu, Viorela G; Delmonte, Barbara; Eling, Lukas; Ellis, Aja A; Ganesh, Shruthi; Golledge, Nicholas R; Haines, Skylar A; Handley, Michael; Hawley, Robert L; Hogan, Chad M; Johnson, Katelyn M; Korotkikh, Elena; Lowry, Daniel P; Mandeno, Darcy; McKay, Robert M; Menking, James A; Naish, Timothy R; Noerling, Caroline; Ollive, Agathe; Orsi, Anais J; Proemse, Bernadette C; Pyne, Alexander R; Pyne, Rebecca L; Renwick, James; Scherer, Reed P; Semper, Stefanie; Simonsen, Marius; Sneed, Sharon B; Steig, Eric J; Tuohy, Andrea; Ulayottil Venugopal, Abhijith; Valero Delgado, Fernando; Venkatesh, Janani; Wang, Feitang; Wang, Shimeng; Winski, Dominic A; Winton, Victoria H L; Whiteford, Arran; Xiao, Cunde; Yang, Jiao; Zhang, Xin (2018): The Ross Sea dipole - temperature, snow accumulation and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, over the past 2700 years. Climate of the Past, 14, 193-214, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-193-2018
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: High-resolution, well-dated climate archives provide an opportunity to investigate the dynamic interactions of climate patterns relevant for future projections. Here, we present data from a new, annually-dated ice core record from the eastern Ross Sea. Comparison of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core records with climate reanalysis data for the 1979-2012 calibration period shows that RICE records reliably capture temperature and snow precipitation variability of the region. RICE is compared with data from West Antarctica (West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core) and the western (Talos Dome) and eastern (Siple Dome) Ross Sea. For most of the past 2,700 years, the eastern Ross Sea was warming with perhaps increased snow accumulation and decreased sea ice extent. However, West Antarctica cooled whereas the western Ross Sea showed no significant temperature trend. From the 17th Century onwards, this relationship changes. All three regions now show signs of warming, with snow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea, but increasing in the western Ross Sea. Analysis of decadal to centennial-scale climate variability superimposed on the longer term trend reveal that periods characterised by opposing temperature trends between the Eastern and Western Ross Sea have occurred since the 3rd Century but are masked by longer-term trends. This pattern here is referred to as the Ross Sea Dipole, caused by a sensitive response of the region to dynamic interactions of the Southern Annual Mode and tropical forcings.
    Keywords: AGE; Age, maximum/old; Age, minimum/young; DEPTH, ice/snow; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; RICE; Roosevelt Island, Antarctica; δ Deuterium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8136 data points
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  • 5
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    The LatMix summer campaign : submesoscale stirring in the upper ocean (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96 (2015): 1257–1279, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00015.1.
    Description: Lateral stirring is a basic oceanographic phenomenon affecting the distribution of physical, chemical, and biological fields. Eddy stirring at scales on the order of 100 km (the mesoscale) is fairly well understood and explicitly represented in modern eddy-resolving numerical models of global ocean circulation. The same cannot be said for smaller-scale stirring processes. Here, the authors describe a major oceanographic field experiment aimed at observing and understanding the processes responsible for stirring at scales of 0.1–10 km. Stirring processes of varying intensity were studied in the Sargasso Sea eddy field approximately 250 km southeast of Cape Hatteras. Lateral variability of water-mass properties, the distribution of microscale turbulence, and the evolution of several patches of inert dye were studied with an array of shipboard, autonomous, and airborne instruments. Observations were made at two sites, characterized by weak and moderate background mesoscale straining, to contrast different regimes of lateral stirring. Analyses to date suggest that, in both cases, the lateral dispersion of natural and deliberately released tracers was O(1) m2 s–1 as found elsewhere, which is faster than might be expected from traditional shear dispersion by persistent mesoscale flow and linear internal waves. These findings point to the possible importance of kilometer-scale stirring by submesoscale eddies and nonlinear internal-wave processes or the need to modify the traditional shear-dispersion paradigm to include higher-order effects. A unique aspect of the Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence (LatMix) field experiment is the combination of direct measurements of dye dispersion with the concurrent multiscale hydrographic and turbulence observations, enabling evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed dispersion at a new level.
    Description: The bulk of this work was funded under the Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence Departmental Research Initiative and the Physical Oceanography Program. The dye experiments were supported jointly by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Program (Grants OCE-0751653 and OCE-0751734).
    Description: 2016-02-01
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Meteorology, Air Quality, and Health in London: The ClearfLo Project (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Description: Air quality and heat are strong health drivers, and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter, in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo; www.clearflo.ac.uk) project’s interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures. Within ClearfLo, a large multi-institutional project funded by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology and gaseous, and particulate composition/loading within the atmosphere of London, United Kingdom, were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, curbside, and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations. Combining these (measurement–modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and the Summer Olympics of 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer; chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone production—in particular, the role of volatile organic compounds; and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution, and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and that the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 7
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    The MATERHORN: Unraveling the Intricacies of Mountain Weather (2015)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-01
    Description: Emerging application areas such as air pollution in megacities, wind energy, urban security, and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles have intensified scientific and societal interest in mountain meteorology. To address scientific needs and help improve the prediction of mountain weather, the U.S. Department of Defense has funded a research effort—the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program—that draws the expertise of a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, and multinational group of researchers. The program has four principal thrusts, encompassing modeling, experimental, technology, and parameterization components, directed at diagnosing model deficiencies and critical knowledge gaps, conducting experimental studies, and developing tools for model improvements. The access to the Granite Mountain Atmospheric Sciences Testbed of the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, as well as to a suite of conventional and novel high-end airborne and surface measurement platforms, has provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate phenomena of time scales from a few seconds to a few days, covering spatial extents of tens of kilometers down to millimeters. This article provides an overview of the MATERHORN and a glimpse at its initial findings. Orographic forcing creates a multitude of time-dependent submesoscale phenomena that contribute to the variability of mountain weather at mesoscale. The nexus of predictions by mesoscale model ensembles and observations are described, identifying opportunities for further improvements in mountain weather forecasting.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 8
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    The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) Experiment (2017)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-01
    Description: The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment was conducted from Guam (13.5°N, 144.8°E) during January–February 2014. Using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft, the experiment investigated the photochemical environment over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) warm pool, a region of massive deep convection and the major pathway for air to enter the stratosphere during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The new observations provide a wealth of information for quantifying the influence of convection on the vertical distributions of active species. The airborne in situ measurements up to 15-km altitude fill a significant gap by characterizing the abundance and altitude variation of a wide suite of trace gases. These measurements, together with observations of dynamical and microphysical parameters, provide significant new data for constraining and evaluating global chemistry–climate models. Measurements include precursor and product gas species of reactive halogen compounds that impact ozone in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. High-accuracy, in situ measurements of ozone obtained during CONTRAST quantify ozone concentration profiles in the upper troposphere, where previous observations from balloonborne ozonesondes were often near or below the limit of detection. CONTRAST was one of the three coordinated experiments to observe the TWP during January–February 2014. Together, CONTRAST, Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), and Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST), using complementary capabilities of the three aircraft platforms as well as ground-based instrumentation, provide a comprehensive quantification of the regional distribution and vertical structure of natural and pollutant trace gases in the TWP during NH winter, from the oceanic boundary to the lower stratosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 9
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    The Iceland Greenland Seas Project (2019)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Description: The Iceland Greenland Seas Project (IGP) is a coordinated atmosphere–ocean research program investigating climate processes in the source region of the densest waters of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. During February and March 2018, a field campaign was executed over the Iceland and southern Greenland Seas that utilized a range of observing platforms to investigate critical processes in the region, including a research vessel, a research aircraft, moorings, sea gliders, floats, and a meteorological buoy. A remarkable feature of the field campaign was the highly coordinated deployment of the observing platforms, whereby the research vessel and aircraft tracks were planned in concert to allow simultaneous sampling of the atmosphere, the ocean, and their interactions. This joint planning was supported by tailor-made convection-permitting weather forecasts and novel diagnostics from an ensemble prediction system. The scientific aims of the IGP are to characterize the atmospheric forcing and the ocean response of coupled processes; in particular, cold-air outbreaks in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone and their triggering of oceanic heat loss, and the role of freshwater in the generation of dense water masses. The campaign observed the life cycle of a long-lasting cold-air outbreak over the Iceland Sea and the development of a cold-air outbreak over the Greenland Sea. Repeated profiling revealed the immediate impact on the ocean, while a comprehensive hydrographic survey provided a rare picture of these subpolar seas in winter. A joint atmosphere–ocean approach is also being used in the analysis phase, with coupled observational analysis and coordinated numerical modeling activities underway.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 10
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    Whole rock analytical techniques and glas analytical techniques of silicic magmas from the South East Rift, Manus Basin (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Beier, Christoph; Bach, Wolfgang; Turner, Stephnie; Niedermeier, D; Woodhead, Jon D; Erzinger, Jörg; Krumm, Stefan H (2015): Origin of silicic magmas at spreading centres - an example from the South East Rift, Manus Basin. Journal of Petrology, 56(2), 255-272, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egu077
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: There has been much recent interest in the origin of silicic magmas at spreading centres away from any possible influence of continental crust. Here we present major and trace element data for 29 glasses (and 55 whole-rocks) sampled from a 40 km segment of the South East Rift in the Manus Basin that span the full compositional continuum from basalt to rhyolite (50-75 wt % SiO2). The glass data are accompanied by Sr-Nd-Pb, O and U-Th-Ra isotope data for selected samples. These overlap the ranges for published data from this part of the Manus Basin. Limited increases in Cl/K ratios with increasing SiO2, La-SiO2 and Yb-SiO2 relationships, and the oxygen isotope data rule out models in which the more silicic lavas result from partial melting of altered oceanic crust or altered oceanic gabbros. Rather, the data form a coherent array that is suggestive of closed-system fractional crystallization and this is well simulated by MELTS models run at 0.2 GPa and QFM (quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer) with 1 wt % H2O, using a parental magma chosen from the basaltic glasses. Although some assimilation of altered oceanic crust or gabbro cannot be completely ruled out, there is no evidence that this plays an important role in the origin of the silicic lavas. The U-series disequilibria are dominated by 238U and 226Ra excesses that limit the timescale of differentiation to less than a few millennia. Overall, the data point to rapid evolution in relatively small magma lenses located near the base of thick oceanic crust; we speculate that this was coupled with relatively low rates of basaltic recharge. A similar model may be applicable to the generation of silicic magmas elsewhere in the ocean basins.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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