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Fault2SHA Central Apennines Database (2020)

Faure Walker, Joanna P ; Boncio, Paolo ; Pace, Bruno ; [weitere]

PANGAEA

In: Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-20

Beschreibung: We present a database of field data for active faults in the central Apennines, Italy including trace, fault and master fault locations with activity and location certainties, and slip-rate, slip-vector and surface geometry data. As advances occur in our capability to create more detailed fault-based hazard models, depending on the availability of primary data and observations, it is desirable that such data can be organized in a way that is easily understood and incorporated into present and future models. The database structure presented herein aims to assist this process. We recommend stating what observations have led to different location and activity certainty and presenting slip-rate data with point location coordinates of where the data were collected with the time periods over which they were calculated. Such data reporting allows more complete uncertainty analyses in hazard and risk modelling. The data and maps are available as kmz, kml, and geopackage files with the data presented in spreadsheet files and the map coordinates as txt files.

Schlagwort(e): Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); CentralApennines; Central Apennines; Central Apennines, Central Italy; earthquake; fault; Fault2SHA; Italy; MULT; Multiple investigations; normal fault

Materialart: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10 data points

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Envisioning carbon-free land use futures for Sweden: a scenario study on conflicts and synergies between environmental policy goals (2020)

van der Voorn, Tom ; Svenfelt, Åsa ; Björnberg, Karin Edvardsson ; [weitere]

Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21

Beschreibung: In climate change mitigation, backcasting scenarios are often used for exploring options for achieving a single environmental goal, albeit at the expense of other goals. This paper assesses potential conflicts and synergies between multiple environmental policy goals based on four future scenarios on Swedish rural land use, assuming zero GHG emissions in 2060. The assessment shows that goal conflicts are apparent, and policy makers need to make trade-offs between goals. The choice of strategy for dealing with these trade-offs yields conflicts or synergies. The assessment shows that a transition to zero GHG emissions provides opportunities for Sweden to shift to carbon free land-use planning. Overall, there are alternative ways with different underlying assumptions to achieve zero GHG emissions, which will feed discussions on new opportunities to overcome multi-scale and multi-sectoral goal conflicts. Multi-target backcasting scenarios are considered more suited to account for the multi-dimensional aspects of goal conflicts. This requires a comprehensive multi-target backcasting approach, which combines the strengths of multicriteria analysis, nexus approaches and backcasting, for supporting a transition to zero GHG emissions.

Beschreibung: Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001862

Schlagwort(e): ddc:304.28 ; Backcasting scenarios ; Goal conflicts ; Synergies ; Climate change mitigation

Sprache: Englisch

Materialart: doc-type:article

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Recent advances in quantum gravity sensors (2023)

Arnal, M. ; Faure, L. ; Carbone, D. ; [weitere]

In: XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-07

Beschreibung: Absolute gravity measurements at the level of 10 nm.s〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉 based on atom interferometry were demonstrated in the laboratory in 1992. Since then, quantum gravity sensors using laser-cooled atoms have received an increasing interest from the geophysics community. Like classical absolute gravimeters, these sensors measure the acceleration of free-falling test masses, atoms, but the working principle relies on the wave nature of matter postulated by quantum mechanics. Quantum gravimeters thus provide a technology inherently different from traditional gravimeters, which can be of interest if absolute measurements are to be checked by alternative technologies.In 2015, Exail (formerly Muquans/iXblue) launched on the market the first commercial gravimeter based on the quantum manipulation of laser-cooled atoms, the Absolute Quantum Gravimeter (AQG). Exail's cutting-edge technology developments have bridged the gap between the complex academic setups and compact transportable instruments, which reaches the appropriate level of robustness and autonomy to sustain field-deployment. Several units have now been built and deployed for various geophysical applications, including hydrology and volcano monitoring. In this talk we present recent advances in the instrument performances, as well as examples of field-deployment. We focus on a 9-month gravity time series from a site close to the summit of Mt Etna volcano. Through this case study, we discuss the operational advantages offered by quantum technology to the field of volcano gravimetry.

Sprache: Englisch

Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject

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Influence of Fault System Geometry and Slip Rates on the Relative Role of Coseismic and Interseismic Stresses on Earthquake Triggering and Recurrence Variability (2023)

Sgambato, Claudia ; Faure Walker, Joanna ; Roberts, Gerald P ; [weitere]

Wiley-AGU

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-13

Beschreibung: We model Coulomb stress transfer (CST) due to 30 strong earthquakes occurring on normal faults since 1509 CE in Calabria, Italy, including the influence of interseismic loading, and compare the results to existing studies of stress interaction from the Central and Southern Apennines, Italy. The three normal fault systems have different geometries and long-term slip-rates. We investigate the extent to which stress transfer can influence the occurrence of future earthquakes and what factors may govern the variability in earthquake recurrence in different fault systems. The Calabrian, Central Apennines, and Southern Apennines fault systems have 91%, 73%, and 70% of faults with mean positive cumulative CST in the time considered; this is due to fewer faults across strike, more across strike stress reductions, and greater along-strike spacing in the three regions respectively. In regions with close along strike spacing or few faults across strike, such as Calabria and Southern Apennines, the stress loading history is mostly dominated by interseismic loading and most faults are positively stressed before an earthquake occur on them (96% of all faults that ruptured in Calabria; 94% of faults in Southern Apennines), and some of the strongest earthquakes occur on faults with the highest mean cumulative stress of all faults prior to the earthquake. In the Central Apennines, where across strike interactions are the predominant process, 79% of earthquakes occur on faults positively stressed. The results highlight that fault system geometry plays a central role in characterizing the stress evolution associated with earthquake recurrence.

Beschreibung: This work was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council studentship (Grant NE/L002485/1) to Claudia Sgambato. Original development of the 3D-faults code was supported by NERC PhD Studentship NE/L501700/1 and JSPS Short Term Fellowship PE15776 to Zoë Mildon.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: e2023JB026496

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Fault interaction ; Tectonics of Calabria ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

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Slip on a mapped normal fault for the 28th December 1908 Messina earthquake (Mw 7.1) in Italy (2023)

Meschis, Marco ; Roberts, Gerald ; Mildon, Zoe ; [weitere]

Nature PG

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-13

Beschreibung: The 28th December 1908 Messina earthquake (Mw 7.1), Italy, caused 〉80,000 deaths and transformed earthquake science by triggering the study of earthquake environmental effects worldwide, yet its source is still a matter of debate. To constrain the geometry and kinematics of the earthquake we use elastic half-space modelling on non-planar faults, constrained by the geology and geomorphology of the Messina Strait, to replicate levelling data from 1907-1909. The novelty of our approach is that we (a) recognise the similarity between the pattern of vertical motions and that of other normal faulting earthquakes, and (b) for the first time model the levelling data using the location and geometry of a well-known offshore capable fault. Our results indicate slip on the capable fault with a dip to the east of 70° and 5 m dip-slip at depth, with slip propagating to the surface on the sea bed. Our work emphasises that geological and geomorphological observations supporting maps of capable non-planar faults should not be ignored when attempting to identify the sources of major earthquakes.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 6481

Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

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Deciphering past earthquakes from the probabilistic modeling of paleoseismic records – the Paleoseismic EArthquake CHronologies code (PEACH, version 1) (2024)

Gomez-Novell, Octavi ; Pace, Bruno ; Visini, Francesco ; [weitere]

Egu-Copernicus

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-23

Beschreibung: A key challenge in paleoseismology is constraining the timing and occurrence of past earthquakes to create an earthquake history along faults that can be used for testing or building fault-based seismic hazard assessments. We present a new methodological approach and accompanying code (Paleoseismic EArthquake CHronologies, PEACH) to meet this challenge. By using the integration of multi-site paleoseismic records through probabilistic modeling of the event times and an unconditioned correlation, PEACH improves the objectivity of constraining paleoearthquake chronologies along faults, including highly populated records and poorly dated events. Our approach reduces uncertainties in event times and allows increased resolution of the trench records. By extension, the approach can potentially reduce the uncertainties in the estimation of parameters for seismic hazard assessment such as earthquake recurrence times and coefficient of variation. We test and discuss this methodology in two well-studied cases: the Paganica Fault in Italy and the Wasatch Fault in the United States.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 7339–7355

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

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The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean (2023)

Mitra, Aditee ; Caron, David A ; Faure, Emile ; [weitere]

Wiley

In: EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Wiley, 70(4), pp. e12972-e12972, ISSN: 1066-5234

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-21

Beschreibung: Protist plankton are major members of open-water marine food webs. Traditionally divided between phototrophic phytoplankton and phagotrophic zooplankton, recent research shows many actually combine phototrophy and phagotrophy in the one cell; these protists are the “mixoplankton.” Under the mixoplankton paradigm, “phytoplankton” are incapable of phagotrophy (diatoms being exemplars), while “zooplankton” are incapable of phototrophy. This revision restructures marine food webs, from regional to global levels. Here, we present the first comprehensive database of marine mixoplankton, bringing together extant knowledge of the identity, allometry, physiology, and trophic interactivity of these organisms. This mixoplankton database (MDB) will aid researchers that confront difficulties in characterizing life traits of protist plankton, and it will benefit modelers needing to better appreciate ecology of these organisms with their complex functional and allometric predator–prey interactions. The MDB also identifies knowledge gaps, including the need to better understand, for different mixoplankton functional types, sources of nutrition (use of nitrate, prey types, and nutritional states), and to obtain vital rates (e.g. growth, photosynthesis, ingestion, factors affecting photo’ vs. phago’ -trophy). It is now possible to revisit and re-classify protistan “phytoplankton” and “zooplankton” in extant databases of plankton life forms so as to clarify their roles in marine ecosystems.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

Format: application/pdf

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Spatial migration of temporal earthquake clusters driven by the transfer of differential stress between neighbouring fault/shear-zone structures (2024)

Roberts, G P ; Sgambato, Claudia ; Mildon, Zoe K ; [weitere]

Elsevier

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-03

Beschreibung: Uncertainty concerning the processes responsible for slip-rate fluctuations associated with temporal clustering of surface faulting earthquakes is a fundamental, unresolved issue in tectonics, because strain-rates accommodated by fault/shear-zone structures are the key to understanding the viscosity structure of the crust and seismic hazard. We constrain the timing and amplitude of slip-rate fluctuations that occurred on three active normal faults in central Italy over a time period of 20–30 kyrs, using in situ 36Cl cosmogenic dating of fault planes. We identify five periods of rapid slip on individual faults lasting a few millennia, separated time periods of up to 10 millennia with low or zero slip-rate. The rapid slip pulses migrated across the strike between the faults in two waves from SW to NE. We replicate this migration with a model where rapid slip induces changes in differential stress that drive changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that drive slip-rate variability on overlying brittle faults. Earthquakes increase the differential stress and strain-rate on underlying shear zones, which in turn accumulate strain, re-loading stress onto the overlying brittle fault. This positive feedback produces high strain-rate episodes containing several large magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake clusters), but also reduce the differential stress on the viscous portions of neighbouring fault/shear-zones slowing the occurrence of large-magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake anticlusters). Shear-zones on faults experiencing anticlusters continue to accumulate viscous strain at a lowered rate, and eventually this loads the overlying brittle fault to failure, initiating a period of rapid slip through the positive feedback process described above, and inducing lowered strain-rates onto neighbouring fault/shear-zones. We show that these patterns of differential stress change can replicate the measured earthquake clustering implied by the 36Cl data. The stress changes are related to the fault geometry in terms of distance and azimuth from the slipping structure, implying that (a) strain-rate and viscosity fluctuations for studies of continental rheology, and (b) slip-rates for seismic hazard purposes are to an extent predictable given knowledge of the fault system geometry.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 105096

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Active Faults ; Central Apennines ; Fault interaction

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

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