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  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (54)
  • 1995-1999  (71)
  • 1960-1964  (29)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal vacancy formation and positron–vacancy interaction in Ti3Al at high temperatures (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to study the formation of thermal vacancies in the Ti–Al alloy system, high-temperature positron lifetime measurements together with a modeling of defect formation in the framework of nearest-neighbor pair bonds were performed for α2Ti3Al and compared to recent results on γTiAl [U. Brossmann, R. Würschum, K. Badura, and H.-E. Schaefer, Phys. Rev. B 49, 6457 (1994)]. Substantial increases of the positron lifetime τ were observed for Ti65.6Al34.4 and Ti77.1Al22.9 in the temperature range T(approximately-greater-than)1200 K where thermal vacancy concentrations above the detection limit of positron annihilation are expected from the model calculations for the α2 phase. Within the high-temperature increase of the positron lifetime in the α2 and the β phase single-component positron lifetime spectra were observed. This behavior is in contrast to the two-component spectra observed conventionally at intermediate positron trapping rates and is attributed to a fast detrapping and retrapping of positrons at vacancies due to a low positron–vacancy binding energy. For this case, a vacancy formation enthalpy of HFV=(1.55±0.2) eV in α2Ti65.6Al34.4 and HFV=(1.8±0.2) eV in βTi77.1Al22.9 can be derived. These results are discussed in the context of recent 44Ti tracer diffusion studies. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362880
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism and microstructure of nanocrystalline nickel : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5143-5145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to study the influence of the nanocrystalline microstructure on the magnetic properties of pure nanocrystalline metals, in situ magnetic measurements of high-purity nanocrystalline nickel, prepared by a gas-condensation technique with subsequent compaction at various pressures have been performed. The approach to ferromagnetic saturation indicates free volumes in the nanocrystalline system of the size of individual missing crystallites as well as internal stresses. While the saturation polarization of the nanocrystalline Ni samples appears to be unchanged compared to coarse-grained Ni the coercive field and magnetic domains are strongly influenced by the nanocrystalline structure. The shape of the domains with sizes of 10–200 μm much larger than the crystallite size depends on the annealing state of the specimen. The initial coercive field increases with the compaction pressure during preparation. Upon annealing it further increases to a maximum value at Ta=500 °C and decreases at higher annealing temperatures. Additionally, the effect of oxygen located in the grain boundaries has been studied. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361535
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab Initio Characterization of a Triborane(9) Isomer with a Pentacoordinated Central Boron Atom (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 7753-7755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00134a020
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deriving Restoration Goals for Acidified Lakes from Ataxonomic Phytoplankton Studies (1998)
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.
    Restoration ecology 6 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ataxonomic phytoplankton composition and abundance (biomass classes) in lakes of differing acidity were examined by flow cytometry. The ataxonomic parameters applied here were photosynthesis pigments and cellular protein content. Up to 1000 cells per second can be assessed by this method. Consequently, enough cells to create biomass spectra can be counted within only a few minutes. Photosynthesis pigment autofluorescence was used to separate algal cells from detritus and to classify the phytoplankton organisms into different pigment groups. Chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (CFR) at different excitation wave lengths proved to be a sensitive tool. As expected, the diversity of CFR-determined pigment groups decreased with increasing acidification. Some groups were acid-insensitive and occurred even at pH below 3.0. However, picoplanktic cyanobacteria (Synechoccocus/Synechocystis-like particles [SLPs]) were absent at pHs below 4.5–4.0, with their accompanying high metal concentrations. Thus, the reappearance of cyanobacterial picoplankton may serve as a first major restoration goal in strongly acidified lakes. Protein staining using fluorescein isothiocyanate enables fast estimates of phytoplankton biomass and establishment of biomass spectra as an estimate of the integrity of plankton communities. Although the phytoplankton investigations presented are only snapshots of the situation on the sampling days, the feasibility of flow cytometrical methods for preparing phytoplankton biomass spectra has been demonstrated. The completeness of such biomass spectra, such as the presence or absence of SLP-picoplankters, as well as the variances around regression lines (linear or parabolic), may serve as goals in restoring lakes acidified to different degrees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1998.06403.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Halogenide und Chalkogenidhalogenide des Niobs und Tantals (1964)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 241-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00641366
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese neuartig substituierter Pyridazin-6(1H)-one (1995)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Chloroacetic acid chloride ; Phenylhydrazono acetamides ; Pyridines ; Pyridazin-5-ylpyridinium chlorides ; 4,5-Diamino-pyridazin-6(1H)-ones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Arylhydrazono acetamides1 react with chloroacetic acid chloride to give N-chloroacetyl derivatives2. Subsequent reaction with pyridines followed by ring closure yield 1-(4-amino-6-oxo-pyridazin-5-yl)-pyridinium chlorides3. Analogously, 1-(6-oxo-pyridazin-5-yl)-pyridinium chloride (5) and 6-oxo-5-pyridinio-pyridazin-4-olate (4) are formed from phenylhydrazono derivatives and pyridine. Treatment of3 and4 with hydrazinium hydrate gives 4,5-diamino-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-carbohydrazides6 and 5-amino-4-hydroxy-pyridazin-6(1H)-one (8). An analogous ring cleavage of3e and5 gives rise to 4,5-diamino- and 5-amino-pyridazin-6(1H)-ones7. On treatment of the pyridinium salts3 with caustic soda in water, nucleophilic addition of the amino group to the pyridinium ring takes place and stable dehydrated products9 are isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00816103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses with pyridinium and sulfonium salts of acylated β-enaminonitriles (1995)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 711-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Malononitrile ; Benzoles ; Pyridines ; Thiophenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pyridinium- und Sulfoniumsalze2a–e, die aus 3-Amino-2-(α-halo-acetyl)-crotonsäurenitril und 3-Amino-2-(α-halo-acetyl)-zimtsäurenitril hergestellt werden können, reagieren mit Malonsäuredinitril in Gegenwart einer Base zu 3-Amino-2-pyridinio-phenolaten3a,b und 3-Amino-2-sulfonio-phenolaten3c–e. In Analogie wurden 3-Amino-2-(diethyloxyphosphoryl)-phenol5a und 3-Amino-2-(p-tolyl-sulfonyl)-phenol5b erhalten. 2,3-Diamino-phenole6a,b werden aus den Pyridiniumsalzen3a,b gebildet. Das Verhalten der Pyridiniumsalze2a,b gegenüber Heterokumulenen ist untersucht worden. Cyanamid führt zum (2-Amino-4-hydroxy-pyrid-3-yl)-pyridiniumsalz8c. Phenylisothiocyanat liefert die 3-Pyridinio-2-thioxo-pyridin-4-olate9a,b. In Abhängigkeit vom Substituenten in der Position 6 entsteht bei der Reaktion mit Schwefelkohlenstoff ein 3-Pyridinio-2-thioxo-pyridin-4-olat10 oder ein 3-Pyridinio-2-thioxo-thiopyran-4-olat11. Phenylisocyanat reagiert zum Pyrimidin-2,4-dion12 unter Verlust von N-Methyl-pyridiniumchlorid. S-Methylierung von9a und Spaltung des Pyridiniumringes ergibt das 3-Amino-2-methylthio-pyrid-4-on14. Die Verbindungen wurden1H- und13C-NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht.
    Notes: Summary Pyridinium and sulfonium salts2a–e which can be prepared from 3-amino-2-(α-haloacetyl)-crotonitriles and 3-amino-2-(α-halo-acetyl)-3-phenyl-acrylonitriles react with malononitrile in the presence of a base to 3-amino-2-pyridinio-phenolates3a,b and 3-amino-2-sulfonio-phenolates3c–e. In an analogous way, 3-amino-2-(diethyloxyphosphoryl)-phenol5a and 3-amino-2-(p-tolyl-sulfonyl)-phenol5b have been prepared. 2,3-Diamino-phenoles6a,b are formed from the pyridinium salts3a,b. The behaviour of the pyridinium salts2a,b towards heterocumulenes has been investigated. Cyanamide leads to the (2-amino-4-hydroxy-pyrid-3-yl)-pyridinium salt8c. Phenylisothiocyanate gives the 3-pyridinio-2-thioxo-pyridin-4-olates9a,b. Carbon disulfide gives rise to 3-pyridinio-2-thioxo-pyridin-4-olate10 or 3-pyridinio-2-thioxo-thiopyran-4-olate11, depending on the substituent at the 6-position. Phenylisocyanate reacts to the pyrimidin-2,4-dione12 with loss of N-methyl-pyridinium chloride. S-methylation of9a and cleavage of the pyridine moiety yields the 3-amino-2-methylthio-pyrid-4-one14. The structures were investigated by1H and13C NMR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807162
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance Brillouin scattering from quantized exciton-polaritons in ultrathin epitaxial layers of ZnSe (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1753-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures and intercalation compounds) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Resonant Brillouin scattering in ultrathin MBE-grown epitaxial layers of ZnSe with thicknesses from 50 to 200 nm is esployed to investigate the properties of the 1s exciton-polariton states. The effective masses are found different from that in bulk ZnSe caused by the energetic decoupling of heavy- and light-hole states due to strain. In the 50 nm sample the momentum selection rule is relaxed, leading to broad Brillouin lines that show fine structure due to the phonon quantization in these layers, whereby dilatation and flexural phonon modes are involved in the scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457275
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and production of 3-hydroxy-Δ9-cis-1,18-octadecenedioic acid by mutants of Candida tropicalis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The transformation of oleic acid by mutants of Candida tropicalis was studied in fed-batch cultures. Besides Δ9-cis–1,18-octadecenedioic acid, 3-hydroxy-Δ9-cis–1,18-octadecenedioic acid was detected as the main fermentation product. Here we describe the production, isolation and the complete chemical characterization of the purified 3-hydroxy-Δ9-cis–1,18-octadecenedioic acid. The geometric configuration of the double bond was not changed during bioconversion. The enantiomeric excess of the compound was 76%. Mutagenesis of C. tropicalis DSM 3152 with N-methyl-N-nitro-N′-nitrosoguanidine and selection with oleic acid as the sole carbon source led to mutant M 25, which produced the 3-hydroxy-Δ9-cis–1,18-octadecenedioic acid at a 1.8-fold higher concentration in the medium as compared to the parent strain. The maximum concentration of the hydroxy dioic acid was 19.4 g/l after 223 h fermentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050694
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioconversion of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and ricinoleic acid by Candida tropicalis M25 (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Bioconversions of sunflower oil and rapeseed oil in fed-batch cultures fermented with Candida tropicalis M25 were studied. Cofermentations with palmitic acid resulted in successful transformations to different 3-hydroxydioic acids. The absolute configuration of the major fermentation product, R-(Z)-3-hydroxy-9-octadecenedioic acid, was determined by comparison of the 1H NMR data with those of an authentic, optically pure compound. Using ricinoleic acid as the sole carbon source, the optically pure R-(Z)-7-hydroxy-9-octadecenedioic acid was obtained at a maximum concentration of 4.2 g/l. In addition to the hydroxydioic acid, (Z)-3,12-dihydroxy-9-octadecenedioic acid was also produced following fermentation with the mutant M25.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051337
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