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  • Springer  (25)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (25)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1995  (25)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhizae from Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1995), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Mycorrhizae ; Arctic-alpine ; Dark septate fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Roots of 40 taxa of higher plants (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta) from two alpine study sites in Denali National Park and Preserve in central Alaska were examined for their mycorrhizal colonization. We observed ectomycorrhizae on six species: Betula nana, Salix reticulata, Salix polaris, Salix arctica, Polygonum viviparum, and Dryas octopetala. Seven taxa, Cassiope tetragona, Empetrum nigrum, Ledum palustre subsp. decumbens, Ledum palustre subsp. groenlandicum, Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis–idaea (all Ericales), had ericoid mycorrhizae. One species, Arctostaphylos alpina, formed a typical arbutoid mycorrhiza. Two species (Sibbaldia procumbens and Aconitum delphinifolium) showed well-developed VA mycorrhizae, whereas three species of plants (Lycopodium clavatum, Silene acaulis and Oxytropis scammaniana) had vesicles, but no arbuscules. The roots of 11 other plants (Lycopodium clavatum, Lycopodium selago, Silene acaulis, Gentiana algida, Lupinus arcticus, Oxytropis scammaniana, Pedicularis langsdorffii, Pedicularis capitata, Pedicularis verticillata, Artemisia sp. and Carex bigelowii) had a variety of intracellular colonizations which are referred to as dark septate fungi. No mycorrhizae were found on 12 other plants: Equisetum arvense, Equisetum variegatum, Lycopodium alpinum, Polygonum bistorta, Saxifraga hieracifolia, Saxifraga hirculus, Astragalus alpinus, Pedicularis kanei, Petasites frigidus, Carex podocarpa, Carex microchaeta and Poa arctica. A possible ecological role of dark septate fungi is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weakly nonlinear stability analyses of one-dimensional Turing pattern formation in activator-inhibitor/immobilizer model systems (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 33 (1995), S. 771-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Turing patterns ; CIMA/starch ; Brussellator/immobilizer ; Schnackenberg/immobilizer model systems ; One-dimensional nonlinear stability analyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The development of one-dimensional Turing patterns characteristic of the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid/starch reaction as well as analogous Brussellator/immobilizer and Schnackenberg/immobilizer model systems is investigated by means of a weakly nonlinear stability analysis applied to the appropriately scaled governing equations. Then the theoretical predictions deduced from these pattern formation studies are compared with experimental evidence relevant to the Turing diffusive instabilities under examination in order to explain more fully the transition to such stationary symmetry-breaking spatial structures when the temperature or pool species concentrations vary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187282
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of iodine, iodide, and iodate to Daphnia magna and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acute toxicity (96-h LC50) of aqueous stable iodine species (I−, IO 3 − , I2) to rainbow trout and Daphnia magna were measured at three individual concentrations of hardness, total organic carbon, and chloride. Rainbow trout were most sensitive to I2 (LC50⩾0.53 mg/L), and much less sensitive to IO 3 − (LC50⩾220 mg/L) or I− (LC50⩾860 mg/L). Daphnia magna were equally sensitive to I2 (LC50⩾0.16 mg/L) and I− (LC50⩾0.17 mg/L), but were less sensitive to IO 3 − (LC50⩾10.3 mg/L). The external and internal radiological dose imparted by equivalent molar quantities of radioactive 125I, 129I, and 131I were calculated for both the Daphnia and trout using the LC50 values obtained from a standard water treatment. As expected, the dose from 125I and 131I would exceed the expected lethal dose rate long before a chemically toxic level is reached. In contrast, a molar concentration of 129I likely to cause death by chemical toxicity would impart a radiological dose less than that expected to be lethal. Thus, for short-lived aquatic organisms, risks due to chemical toxicity of 129I may exceed risks due to its radioactive emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212499
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979–88 (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Southern Oscillation (SO) is examined in three 10 year AMIP-type integrations of a 30-level GCM having prescribed monthly mean observed sea surface temperatures for the period January 1979 to December 1988. Three horizontal spectral resolutions of T21, T42 and T79 are investigated and the results are compared with the low-frequency variability, having periods longer than 8 months, in the observed Darwin and Tahiti sea level pressures (SLP) and in the T106 ECMWF analyses from May 1985 to April 1991. Both the ECMWF analyses and the GCM results give unrealistic SLP variability at Tahiti resulting in low Darwin-Tahiti SLP correlations and low S/N ratios for the Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The ECMWF analyses are in particularly poor agreement with the observations during 1987 with anomalously high SLP at Tahiti. Examination of the ECMWF assimilated SSTs, reveals that this may be related to the assimilated SSTs being too cold in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during mid-1987. The GCM results show the familiar SLP dipole in the tropical Pacific albeit displaced eastwards compared to previous observational studies especially at T42 resolution, thus accounting for the problems at Tahiti which lies near strong gradients in the correlation pattern. Time-longitude diagrams of low-level convergence and correlation maps of upper-level streamfunction suggest that the model is reproducing the SO divergence anomalies although too weakly at T21 resolution and at different longitudinal locations at T42 and T79 resolutions. The time-mean low-level convergences in the GCM simulations give ITCZs and SPCZs in qualitative agreement with the observations with a tendency for increased convergence in the eastern Pacific ITCZ at higher resolution. Longitudinal shifts are not apparent in the time-mean convergence when comparing the GCM results at different resolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211677
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979–88 (1995)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The Southern Oscillation (SO) is examined in three 10 year AMIP-type integrations of a 30-level GCM having prescribed monthly mean observed sea surface temperatures for the period January 1979 to December 1988. Three horizontal spectral resolutions of T21, T42 and T79 are investigated and the results are compared with the low-frequency variability, having periods longer than 8 months, in the observed Darwin and Tahiti sea level pressures (SLP) and in the T106 ECMWF analyses from May 1985 to April 1991. Both the ECMWF analyses and the GCM results give unrealistic SLP variability at Tahiti resulting in low Darwin-Tahiti SLP correlations and low S/N ratios for the Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The ECMWF analyses are in particularly poor agreement with the observations during 1987 with anomalously high SLP at Tahiti. Examination of the ECMWF assimilated SSTs, reveals that this may be related to the assimilated SSTs being too cold in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during mid-1987. The GCM results show the familiar SLP dipole in the tropical Pacific albeit displaced eastwards compared to previous observational studies especially at T42 resolution, thus accounting for the problems at Tahiti which lies near strong gradients in the correlation pattern. Time-longitude diagrams of low-level convergence and correlation maps of upper-level streamfunction suggest that the model is reproducing the SO divergence anomalies although too weakly at T21 resolution and at different longitudinal locations at T42 and T79 resolutions. The time-mean low-level convergences in the GCM simulations give ITCZs and SPCZs in qualitative agreement with the observations with a tendency for increased convergence in the eastern Pacific ITCZ at higher resolution. Longitudinal shifts are not apparent in the time-mean convergence when comparing the GCM results at different resolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050064
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of two microsatellite sequences in wheat storage proteins as molecular markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Microsatellite markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In eukaryotes, tandem arrays of simple-sequence repeat sequences can find applications as highly variable and multi-allelic PCR-based genetic markers. In hexaploid bread wheat, a large-genome inbreeding species with low levels of RFLP, di- and trinucleotide tandem repeats were found in 22 published gene sequences, two of which were converted to PCR-based markers. These were shown to be genome-specific and displayed high levels of variation. These characteristics make them especially suitable for intervarietal breeding applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term trends in DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane in California Mussels (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The California State Mussel Watch program is a long-term monitoring program conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board and the Department of Fish and Game. In a fifteen year time span, from 1977–1992, mussels were collected at 378 stations. From these stations, 47 were chosen to conduct statistical analysis based on the criteria that they had been sampled at least 6 times for total DDTs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total chlordanes. Declines of total DDTs and chlordanes were noted at approximately half of the stations. Declines of total PCBs were noted at approximately one-quarter of the stations. Declines of PCBs but not DDTs in mussels near Los Angeles County's sewer discharge corresponded to declines of these contaminants in treated effluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211626
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethical congruency of constituent groups (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 14 (1995), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This research investigates the perceptions of five constituent groups of an accredited business school — their perceptions of others' ethics, of their own ethics and ideal values, and of how business ethics can be improved. Self-described behavior from the constituent groups is quite similar, yet is decidedly different from that which respondents felt others would do. Undergraduate business students tended to have the lowest estimation of others' ethics in addition to the least ethical self-described behavior compared with other constituent groups. All constituents were solidly in favor of improving ethics by developing principles of business ethics, requiring ethics courses in business schools and introducing industry codes of ethics. People are much more ethical than they are perceived to be. Knowing that others are more ethical may in turn cause other people to act more ethically. Similarly, believing that others are less ethical may encourage less ethical behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Ca2+ and Sr2+ activation characteristics in skinned muscle fibre preparations with different proportions of myofibrillar isoforms (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 16 (1995), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To understand how the coexistence of fast and slow contractile and regulatory systems within single skeletal muscle fibres might affect contractile behaviour, fibre segments from the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus and predominantly slow-twitch soleus muscle of the adult rat were tied together, either in parallel or in series, and then activated in Ca2+-and Sr2+-buffered solutions. Experimental force-pCa and force-pSr relations were compared with theoretical force-pCa and force_pSr curves predicted by a model for composite fibres, which accounted for the coexistence of fast and slow myosin within the contractile unit and enabled an estimate to be made of the relative contribution of fast- and slow-twitch elements within the tied-fibre combinations. The contractile behaviour of a fast-twitch and a slow-twitch muscle fibre tied either in series or in parallel, were compared with the force-pCa and force-pSr data predicted from the composite fibre model. Interestingly, the resultant force-pCa(-pSr) curves of the parallel-tied fibre combinations were well fitted with those predicted by the composite model. However, the experimental force-pCa(-pSr) curves of the series-tied fibres were not well fitted by a composite curve based on the known proportion of fast- and slow-twitch fibre components. A total force-length diagram was devised to take into account changes in the length of the fibre segments tied in series during activation, as well as possible differences in fibre diameter. Using this diagram it was possible to explain accurately the Ca2+ and Sr2+ activation curves of known fast- and slow-twitch segments tied in series. The results from this study are important for the interpretation of contractile date obtained from single muscle fibres exhibiting mixed fast- and slow-twitch contractile characteristics. Such muscle fibres have previously been identified in animals affected by muscular diseases (e.g. dystrophy), in mammalian extraocular muscles and in animals subjected to long-term exercise training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00125311
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on contractile activation of intact and chemically skinned ‘catch’ muscle fibre bundles of Mytilus edulis (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 16 (1995), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of temperature (5–35° C) on maximum force production was examined in intact and chemically skinned muscle fibre bundles (10–25 fibres) from the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis. In intact fibre bundles, 10 μm acetylcholine induced a tonic contraction which had a magnitude of 65.4±4.0 N cm-2 (n=30) at 23° C. Activation by caffeine (20 mm) produced a force response which was 157.1±7.9% (n=16) of the acetylcholine response at 23° C and acetylcholine and caffeine together produced force which was not significantly different from the response to caffeine alone. At 5° C the acetylcholine and caffeine responses were decreased by 9.6±3.4% (n=6) and 14.6±2.8% (n=8) compared with the respective responses at 23° C. However, there was no significant reduction of the response induced by the combined action of acetylcholine and caffeine when the temperature was decreased from 23° C to 5° C. The 20–80% of peak force activation time increased by about one order of magnitude for all acetylcholine, caffeine and combined acetylcholine-caffeine-induced responses when the temperature was decreased from 23–5° C. Repeated exposure of the intact preparation to caffeine caused a marked decrease in the caffeine-induced response (complete abolition of force after the third exposure to caffeine), but the response to caffeine could be fully restored following one acetylcholine-induced activation. The maximum Ca2+-activated force after skinning the preparation with saponin was not significantly different from the caffeine or combined acetylcholine-caffeine-induced responses before skinning. In the saponin skinned fibre preparation a drop in temperature from 23° C to 15° C or 5° C decreased the maximum Ca2+-activated force by 13.2±1.4% (n=8) and 41.4±3.1% (n=5) respectively. The activation time between 20–80% of the peak Ca2+-activated force increased at 15° C and 5° C by a factor of 1.5±0.1 (n=5) and 6.8±1.1 (n=5) respectively when compared to corresponding values at 23° C. The relaxation half-time decreased by a factor of 1.7±0.2 (n=5) and 3.0±0.2 (n=5) at 15° C and 5° C respectively compared with that at 23° C. It was possible to distinguish between the temperature effects on the contractile apparatus per se and the Ca2+ regulatory system with the results indicating that the contractile apparatus was more sensitive to a change in temperature than the Ca2+-regulatory system. Increasing the temperature to 35° C irreversibly affected the ability to develop and maintain force in both intact and skinned muscle preparations. These results indicate that: (1) acetylcholine does not fully activate the intact ‘catch’ muscle at 23° C; (2) acetylcholine is able to replenish the internal stores after depletion by caffeine; (3) compensatory mechanisms which oppose the inhibitory effect of lower temperatures on the contractile apparatus and the Ca2+-regulatory system must be operating in the intact fibre preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00121137
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