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  • ASTRONOMY  (234)
  • Humans  (105)
  • 1980-1984  (339)
  • 1982  (185)
  • 1981  (154)
  • 1
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    Regulation of leucine metabolism in man: a stable isotope study (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: Leucine catabolism is regulated by either of the first two degradative steps: (reversible) transamination to the keto acid or subsequent decarboxylation. A method is described to measure rates of leucine transamination, reamination, and keto acid oxidation. The method is applied directly to humans by infusing the nonradioactive tracer, L-[15N,1-13C]leucine. Leucine transamination was found to be operating several times faster than the keto acid decarboxylation and to be of equal magnitude in adult human males under two different dietary conditions, postabsorptive and fed. These results indicate that decarboxylation, not transamination, is the rate-limiting step in normal human leucine metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matthews, D E -- Bier, D M -- Rennie, M J -- Edwards, R H -- Halliday, D -- Millward, D J -- Clugston, G A -- AM-25994/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD-10667/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-00954/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carbon Isotopes ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Oxidation-Reduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sex and handedness differences in cerebral blood flow during rest and cognitive activity (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-13
    Description: Cognitive activity resulted in increased flow of blood to the cerebral hemispheres. The increase was greater to the left hemisphere for a verbal task and greater to the right hemisphere for a spatial task. The direction and degree of hemispheric flow asymmetry were influenced by sex and handedness, females having a higher rate of blood flow per unit weight of brain, and females and left-handers having a greater percentage of fast-clearing tissue, presumably gray matter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gur, R C -- Gur, R E -- Obrist, W D -- Hungerbuhler, J P -- Younkin, D -- Rosen, A D -- Skolnick, B E -- Reivich, M -- MH 30456/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-10939-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 13;217(4560):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism/*physiology ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Rest ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The excitation and distribution of CO (J = 6-5) emission in the Orion Nebula (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of the 691-GHz (J = 6-5) transition of CO in the BN/KL region of Orion obtained in February 1981, at the IR Telescope Facility at Mauna Kea are reported. The system employs a heterodyne receiver with an overall noise temperature of 3900 K DSB at 432 microns, 64 5-MHz IF-filter-bank channels, and a chopping secondary with 120-arcsec excursion, and has 35-arcsec resolution. Sample data are presented graphically and analyzed using a rate equation and a kinetic model. A 35 x 45-arcsec core with hot broad plateau emission (antenna temperature 180 + or - 36 K) surrounded by an area of strong narrow-line 120-K emission is found. It is suggested that the plateau emission originates in a wide thin sheet after a shock wave, with H2 density at least 10 to the 6th/cu cm and gas kinetic temperature greater than 500 K.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
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  • 4
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    Submillimeter heterodyne detection of interstellar carbon monoxide at 434 micrometers (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Laser heterodyne observations of submillimeter emissions from carbon monoxide in the Orion molecular cloud are reported. High frequency and spatial resolution observations were made at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea by the use of an optically pumped laser local oscillator and quasi-optical Schottky diode mixer for heterodyne detection of the J = 6 - 5 rotational transition of CO at 434 microns. Spectral analysis of the 434-micron emission indicates that the emitting gas is optically thin and is at a temperature above 180 K. Results thus demonstrate the potential contributions of ground-based high-resolution submillimeter astronomy to the study of active regions in interstellar molecular clouds.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Science; 211; Feb. 6
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  • 5
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    Arcsecond positions for milliarcsecond VLBI nuclei of extragalactic radio sources. I - 546 sources (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-16109)
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 87; Mar. 198
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    433 micron laser heterodyne observations of galactic CO from Mauna Kea (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A submillimeter heterodyne radiometer, developed for astronomical applications, uses an optically pumped laser local oscillator and a quasi-optical Schottky diode mixer. The resultant telescope-mounted system, which has a noise temperature less than 4000 K (double sideband) and high frequency and spatial resolution, has been used to detect the J = 6 to 5 rotational transition of carbon monoxide at 434 micrometers in the Orion molecular clouds. The measurements, when compared with previous millimeter-wave data, indicate that the broad carbon monoxide emission feature is produced by an optically thin gas whose temperature exceeds 180 K.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
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  • 7
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    Persistent behavior at high rates maintained by intravenous self-administration of nicotine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Squirrel monkeys pressed a level at high rates under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in which level pressing produced a brief visual stimulus that was occasionally contiguous with an intravenous injection of nicotine. The rate of lever pressing could be markedly reduced either by substituting saline for nicotine injections or by blocking the effects of nicotine with mecamylamine. The rate of level pressing could be reduced by eliminating the brief visual stimulus. These results show that nicotine can function as an effective reinforcer under a second-order schedule of drug self-administration and that an environmental stimulus associated with nicotine intake can contribute to the maintenance of persistent drug-seeking behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, S R -- Spealman, R D -- Goldberg, D M -- DA00499/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA02658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH07658/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):573-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Nicotine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Reinforcement (Psychology)/drug effects ; Saimiri ; Self Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidtis, J J -- Volpe, B T -- Holtzman, J D -- Wilson, D H -- Gazzaniga, M S -- 2 R01 NS15053-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR001-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/surgery ; Humans ; Language Disorders/*physiopathology ; Male ; Methods ; Perception/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Sensation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Lethal effect of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: Phenothiazine drugs, which are widely used for their antipsychotic, antianxiety, and antiemetic effects, have been found to have protozoacidal effects on the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. These compounds are lethal to both the extracellular stage of the organism, which is inoculated into humans by the sand fly, and the intracellular stage, which is found solely in human macrophages during established infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, R D -- Manian, A A -- Harcus, J L -- Hall, D -- Hewlett, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):369-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6124040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Leishmania/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*drug therapy ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Mesocricetus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Qualitatively distinct patterns of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses were observed in male college students during mental work and during sensory intake task performance. During mental work, Type A (coronary-prone) subjects showed greater muscle vasodilatation and more enhanced secretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol than Type B subjects. During sensory intake, Type A hyperresponsivity was found for testosterone and, among those subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, for cortisol. As a demonstration of combined cardiovascular, sympathetic nervous system, and neuroendocrine hyperresponsivity to specific cognitive tasks in Type A subjects, this study breaks ground in the search for mechanisms mediating the increased coronary disease risk among Type A persons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, R B Jr -- Lane, J D -- Kuhn, C M -- Melosh, W -- White, A D -- Schanberg, S M -- HL-22740/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH-6489/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-70482/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):483-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/*physiology ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Hemodynamics ; Hormones/blood ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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