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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 48 (1975), S. 67-95 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscosity of solutions of polybutadiene, polymerized by n-butyllithium, with molecular weights between 22000 and 660000 in cyclohexanone, is surprisingly found dependent on the age of solutions. According to solutions in toluene and THF the dependence of concentration from ηsp/C is found in the same way for fresh solutions in cyclohexanone. With increasing age of solutions in cyclohexanone considerable decreasing of viscosity is observed. There is found at 20°C that ηsp/C is independent of concentration after 35 days and that the Staudinger index [η] does no more depend on molecular weight after 300 days. Decreasing of viscosity approaches the limiting value after about 600 days at [η] = 13 cm3/g. Viscosity and solubility in toluene of polybutadiene treated for a short period with a ketone are far extending reduced. The relationship [η] = K·Ma, investigated at solutions of polybutadiene in toluene, THF and cyclohexanone has a common point of intersection, corresponding approximately to Staudinger index and molecular weight of the ultrasonic degradation product, resp. with molecular weight of the so-called tertiary units of not degraded polymer evaluated by means of electron microscopy methods.By the aid of Einstein's relationship of viscosity and the model of pearlstring molecules, decreasing of viscosity with time may be interpreted as a consequence of alteration in the shape of macromolecules as a result of interaction with solvent environment. It can be assumed that stretched pearlstring molecules are being formed to a heap of collapsed coil containing with solvent surrounded tertiary structures. Overthat there are reasons to suppose additionally a partial degradation of solvation layer around tertiary structure.
    Notes: An Lösungen von n-BuLi-polymerisierten Polybutadienen mit Molekulargewichten zwischen 22000 und 660000 in Cyclohexanon wurde eine in der Literatur bisher nicht beschriebene Abhängigkeit der Viskosität vom Alter der Lösungen entdeckt. Während ungealterte Cyclohexanonlösungen eine mit Toluol-und THF-Lösungen übereinstimmende Konzentrationsabhängigkeit von ηspez/C aufweisen, wird mit zunehmendem Alter von Cyclohexanonlösungen ein Rückgang der Viskosität beobachtet, der  -  untersucht bei 20°C  -  nach 35 Tagen zu Konzentrationsunabhängigkeit von ηspez/C und nach 300 Tagen zu einem vom Molekulargewicht unabhängigen Staudingerindex [η] führt. Der Viskositätsrückgang endet nach ca. 600 Tagen asymptotisch bei [η] = 13 cm3/g. Kurzzeitig mit Keton behandeltes Polybutadien löst sich in Toluol nur noch extrem langsam unter gänzlich veränderten Viskositätsverhältnissen. Die für Lösungen von Polybutadien in Toluol, THF und Cyclohexanon gefundenen Beziehungen [η] = K·Ma besitzen einen gemeinsamen Schnittpunkt, dessen Koordinaten näherungsweise mit dem Staudingerindex und dem Molekulargewicht des Ultraschall-Abbauprodukts bzw. dem elektronenoptisch ermittelten Molekulargewicht der Tertiäreinheiten des unbeschallten Polymeren übereinstimmen.Auf der Grundlage von Einsteinscher Viskositätsbeziehung und Perlschnurmolekül-Modell wird der zeitabhängige Viskositätsrückgang als die Folge zweier sich überlagernder Veränderungen des solvatzustands diskutiert: Knäuelung der Perlschnurmoleküle zu einer dichten Kugelpackung der solvatisierten Tertiäreinheiten und partieller Abbau der Solvathülle der Tertiäreinheiten.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The α-and β-forms of permethylated 1,3-, 1,4- and 1,6-linked N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylglucosaminitol disaccharides have been analysed directly (without hydrolysis or further modifications) by combined gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Gas-liquid chromatography facilitated the separation of the α- and β-isomers of each disaccharide pair. In every case, the respective α-form was slower than the β-form. While, additionally, the α- and β-forms of the 1,6-linked glucosamine disaccharide could be separated from those of the 1,3- and 1,4-linked disaccharides, the α- and β-forms of the latter two could not be resolved from each other with the liquid phases used. All three disaccharides could be readily differentiated and characterized by mass spectrometry, however. Specific fragments for each glucosamine disaccharide could be defined. Therefore, combined gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry allowed an unequivocal determination of the anomeric configuration and the position of the glycosidic linkage in the glucosamine disaccharides.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The C-2 - N bond of 2-N,N-dimethylaminopyrylium cations has a partial π character due to the conjugation of the nitrogen lone-pair with the ring. The values of ΔG≠, ΔH≠, ΔS≠ parameters related to the corresponding hindered rotation have been determined by 13C NMR total bandshape analysis. This conjugation decreases the electrophilic character of carbon C-4 so that the displacement of the alkoxy group is no longer possible. Such a hindered rotation also exists in 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyrylium cations and the corresponding ΔG≠ parameters have been evaluated. Comparison of these two cationic species shows that hindered rotation around the C - N bond is larger in position 4 than in position 2. Furthermore, the barrier to internal rotation around the C-2—N bond decreases with increasing electron donating power of the substituent at position 4. ΔG≠ values decreases from 19.1 kcal mol-1 (79.9 kJ mol-1) to 12.6 kcal mol-1 (52.7 kJ mol-1) according to the following sequence for the R-4 substituents: -C6H5, -CH3, -OCH3, -N(CH3)2.
    Notes: Dans les cations N,N-diméthylamino-2 pyrylium, la conjugaison du doublet de l'azote avec le cycle confère à la liaison C-2—N un caractère partiel de double liaison. Les valeurs des paramètres ΔG≠, ΔH≠ ΔS≠ relatifs à l'empěchement de rotation correspondant ont été déterminées par analyse de la forme des bandes. Cette conjugaison diminue le caractère électrophile du carbone C-4, ce qui rend impossible les réactions de transalcoylation. Dans les cations N,N-diméthylamino-4 pyrylium il existe de měme une barrière de rotation autour de la liaison C-4—N, dont les paramètres ΔG≠ ont été évalués. La comparaison de ces deux types de cations montre que l'empěchement de rotation autour de la liaison C—N est plus important en position 4 qu'en position 2. Par ailleurs, plus le substituant en position 4 est électrodonneur, moins la barrière de rotation autour de la liaison C-2—N est élevée: la valeur du paramètre ΔG≠ décroǐt de 19,1 kcal mol-1 (79,9 kJ mol-1) à 12,6 kcal mol-1 (52,7 kJ mol-1) selon l'ordre suivant des substituants R-4: -C6H5, -CH3, -OCH3, -N(CH3)2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Fluorine Exchange in Trifluorophosphine Metal Complexes. IX1. (Reactions of Tetrakis(trifluorophosphine)nickel(0) with Alkyl(trimethylsilyl)amines and Amides2)Alkylaminodifluorophosphine complexes Ni(PF3)4-n(PF2NHR)n (n = 1, 2, 3) 8-11 and Me3SiF are obtained, if alkyl(trimethylsilyl)amines NHR(SiMe3) (R=CH3 and n-C4H9) are reacted with Ni(PF3)4 (1). The mechanism of these peripheric reactions is discussed by assuming a four centered type intermediate. However reactions of 1 with the lithium amides LiNR(SiMe3) (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9, and C6H5) yield LiF and the difluorotrimethylsilylaminophosphine complexes Ni(PF3)4-n[PF2NR(SiMe3)]n (n = 1, 3, 4) 12-18.
    Notes: Ni(PF3)4 (1) reagiert mit Alkyl(trimethylsilyl)aminen NHR(SiMe3) (R=CH3 und n-C4H9) unter Me3SiF-Abspaltung zu den Alkylaminodifluorphosphinkomplexen Ni(PF3)4-n(PF2NHR)n (n = 1, 2 und 3) 8-11. Der Reaktionsablauf wird anhand eines Vierzentren-Synchron-Mechanismus diskutiert. Hingegen liefern die Lithiumamide LiNR(SiMe3) (R=CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9 und C6H5) mit 1 unter LiF-Abspaltung die Organyl(trimethylsilyl)-aminodifluorphosphinkomplexe Ni(PF3)4-n[PF2NR(SiMe3)]n (n = 1, 3 und 4) 12-18.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 59. Synthesis and Structure of (C6H5PS)31,2,4-Triphenyl-1-thio-cyclo-3,5-dithia-1,2,4-triphosphane (C6H5PS)3 (1) is obtained in very good yield by the reaction of dipotassium triphenyltriphosphide (4) with dichloro trisulfane, as well as by the reaction of phenylphosphine with sulphur dichloride. Besides, 1 is formed, together with the cyclothiaphosphane (C6H5P)4 (3), by the reaction of a 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-dihalogen-diphosphane with hydrogen sulphide or disulfane and by the reaction of 4 and disulphur dichloride. - All of the spectroscopic data, especially the 31P nmr spectra, indicate unambiguously the heterocyclophosphane structure V with a five-membered P3S2-ring with isolated sulphur atoms, and with one of the directly connected phosphorus atoms bearing another sulphur atom in exo-position, in addition to the phenyl group.
    Notes: 1,2,4-Triphenyl-1-thio-cyclo-3,5-dithia-1,2,4-triphosphan (C6H5PS)3 (1) wird durch Reaktion von Dikalium-triphenyl-triphosphid (4) mit Dichlortrisulfan sowie durch Umsetzung von Phenylphosphin mit Schwefeldichlorid in sehr guter Ausbeute erhalten. Außerdem bildet sich 1 - zusammen mit dem Cyclo-thia-phosphan (C6H5P)4 (3) - bei der Umsetzung von 1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-dihalogen-diphosphanen mit Schwefelwasserstoff oder Disulfan sowie aus 4 und Dischwefeldichlorid. - Die Gesamtheit der spektroskopischen Befunde, insbesondere das 31P-Kernresonanzspektrum, ergibt für 1 eindeutig die Heterocyclophosphan-Struktur V mit fünfgliedrigem P3S2-Ring, in dem die S-Atome isoliert stehen und eines der direkt miteinander verbundenen P-Atome außer der Phenylgruppe noch ein exoständiges S-Atom trägt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 87 (1975), S. 545-546 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Fluorescence ; Ion-pair extraction ; Amines ; Post-column reaction ; Auto-analyser ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detection system is described which is based on fluorescent ion-pair formation between tertiary amine drugs and dimethoxyanthracene sulphonate. A dynamic micro-extraction principle is then used to isolate the ion-pairs from the excess reagent. The band broadening of this extraction detector was kept below 20% using standard auto-analyser equipment. With the enhanced selectivity and sensitivity of this approach it was possible to analyse chloropheniramine in urine at ppb concentrations using a pre-column clean-up trace enrichment step.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 79-81 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography TLC ; Chemically bonded C8 on precoated HPTLC plates tested 6 dialcylphthalates used as test substances ; 15-20% (v/v) water in organic solvents, upper practical limit as mobile phase composition ; 11-50 min migration time for linear TLC, 50 mm height ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Separation of polychloro biphenyls ; Separation of organochlorine pesticides ; Splitless automated injection ; Residue level ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complicated PCB mixtures can be separated in individual compounds using glass capillary gas chromatography, (GC)2. Depending on extraction and clean-up procedure it is also possible to separate and determine organochlorine pesticides at the same time.This (GC)2 technique can be used to determine the contents of individual chlorinated biphenyls in milk products and animal feedstuffs and in the analysis of complicated extracts of soil and vegetable material.Practical aspects concerning connection of the capillary, automatic splitless injection, repeatability of the retention time, quality of the column with respect to separation and adsorption and degradation of DDT are discussed.The detection of individual chlorinated biphenyls is possible at the ppb level in fats and vegetable materials, using an extraction and clean-up procedure, based on saponification of the sample.Preliminary results for milk, obtained from several areas, are shown.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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