Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
The oceans are absorbing additional carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and projected future CO2 levels and ocean acidification could have negative implications for many marine organisms, especially during early life stages. Cephalopods are ecologically important in marine ecosystems, yet the potential effects of increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in seawater on cephalopod reproduction and embryonic development are little studied. We allowed adult two-toned pygmy squid (Idiosepius pygmaeus) to breed in ambient control (∼445 μatm; ∼8.05 pH) or elevated pCO2 conditions (∼940 μatm; ∼7.78 pH) and compared reproductive traits in adults and developmental characteristics of their eggs, which remained in control or elevated pCO2 treatments until hatching. Breeding pairs at elevated pCO2 produced clutches with 40% fewer eggs, vitelli that were 14% smaller directly after spawning, embryos that were 5% smaller upon hatching, and eggs with an 8% increase in late-stage egg swelling compared with pairs at control conditions. Elevated pCO2 did not affect fertility, time to hatch, or hatching success. Eggs were laid 40% closer together in elevated pCO2 compared with control conditions, indicating a possible effect of elevated pCO2 on reproductive behaviour. These results show that elevated pCO2 can adversely affect reproduction and embryonic development of the two-toned pygmy squid. As the potential for adaptation is influenced by reproductive success, testing the capacity for squid to adapt to future ocean conditions should be a priority for future research.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Area; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Cleveland_Bay_OA; Coast and continental shelf; Development; Distance; Egg hatching success; Eggs; Eggs, fertilized; Eggs, hatched; Eggs, unfertilized; Eggs, unhatched; EXP; Experiment; Fertilized eggs; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Identification; Idiosepius pygmaeus; Laboratory experiment; Length, mantle; Mass; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Mollusca; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Replicate; Reproduction; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Spectrophotometric; Stage; Substrate type; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time of day; Treatment; Tropical; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Width
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 44760 data points
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