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  • 1
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    Strong regional atmospheric 14C signature of respired CO2 observed from a tall tower over the mid-western United States (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: Radiocarbon in CO 2 ( 14 CO 2 ) measurements can aid in discriminating between fast (〈1 year) and slower (〉5-10 years) cycling of C between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere due to the 14 C disequilibrium between atmospheric and terrestrial C. However, 14 CO 2 in the atmosphere is typically much more strongly impacted by fossil fuel emissions of CO 2 , and, thus, observations often provide little additional constraints on respiratory flux estimates at regional scales. Here, we describe a dataset of 14 CO 2 observations from a tall tower in northern Wisconsin (USA) where fossil fuel influence is far enough removed that, during the summer months, the biospheric component of the 14 CO 2 budget dominates. We find that the terrestrial biosphere is responsible for a significant contribution to 14 CO 2 that is 2-3 times higher than predicted by the CASA terrestrial ecosystem model for observations made in 2010. This likely includes a substantial contribution from the North American Boreal ecoregion, but transported biospheric emissions from outside the model domain cannot be ruled out. The 14 CO 2 enhancement also appears somewhat decreased in observations made over subsequent years, suggesting that 2010 may be anomalous. With these caveats acknowledged, we discuss the implications of the observation/model comparison in terms of possible systematic biases in the model vs short-term anomalies in the observations. Going forward, this isotopic signal could be exploited as an important indicator to better constrain both the long-term carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems and the short-term impact of disturbance-based loss of carbon to the atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Glacial surface temperatures of the southeast Atlantic Ocean (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: A detailed record of sea surface temperature from sediments of the Cape Basin in the subtropical South Atlantic indicates a previously undocumented progression of marine climate change between 41 and 18 thousand years before the present (ky B.P.), during the last glacial period. Whereas marine records typically indicate a long-term cooling into the Last Glacial Maximum (around 21 ky B.P.) consistent with gradually increasing global ice volume, the Cape Basin record documents an interval of substantial temperate ocean warming from 41 to 25 ky B.P. The pattern is similar to that expected in response to changes in insolation owing to variations in Earth's tilt.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sachs, J P -- Anderson, R F -- Lehman, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room E34-254, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jsachs@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Synchronous climate changes in antarctica and the north atlantic (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-02
    Description: Central Greenland ice cores provide evidence of abrupt changes in climate over the past 100,000 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic, confirming the link between millennial-scale climate variability and ocean thermohaline circulation. It is shown here that two of the most prominent North Atlantic events-the rapid warming that marks the end of the last glacial period and the Bolling/Allerod-Younger Dryas oscillation-are also recorded in an ice core from Taylor Dome, in the western Ross Sea sector of Antarctica. This result contrasts with evidence from ice cores in other regions of Antarctica, which show an asynchronous response between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steig -- Brook -- White -- Sucher -- Bender -- Lehman -- Morse -- Waddington -- Clow -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):92-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉E. J. Steig, J. W. C. White, S. J. Lehman, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. E. J. Brook, Department of Geology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA. C. M. Sucher, Gradua.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9756484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Subtropical North Atlantic Temperatures 60,000 to 30,000 Years Ago (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: A reconstruction of sea surface temperature based on alkenone unsaturation ratios in sediments of the Bermuda Rise provides a detailed record of subtropical climate from 60,000 to 30,000 years ago. Northern Sargasso Sea temperatures changed repeatedly by 2 degrees to 5 degrees C, covarying with high-latitude temperatures that were previously inferred from Greenland ice cores. The largest temperature increases were comparable in magnitude to the full glacial-Holocene warming at the site. Abrupt cold reversals of 3 degrees to 5 degrees C, lasting less than 250 years, occurred during the onset of two such events (Greenland interstadials 8 and 12), suggesting that the largest, most rapid warmings were especially unstable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sachs -- Lehman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):756-759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0450, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Synchronous radiocarbon and climate shifts during the last deglaciation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-11
    Description: Radiocarbon data from the Cariaco Basin provide calibration of the carbon-14 time scale across the period of deglaciation (15,000 to 10, 000 years ago) with resolution available previously only from Holocene tree rings. Reconstructed changes in atmospheric carbon-14 are larger than previously thought, with the largest change occurring simultaneously with the sudden climatic cooling of the Younger Dryas event. Carbon-14 and published beryllium-10 data together suggest that concurrent climate and carbon-14 changes were predominantly the result of abrupt shifts in deep ocean ventilation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughen, K A -- Southon, J R -- Lehman, S J -- Overpeck, J T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 8;290(5498):1951-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. khughen@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11110659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Assessing fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in California using atmospheric observations and models (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Description: Analysis systems incorporating atmospheric observations could provide a powerful tool for validating fossil fuel CO 2 (ffCO 2 ) emissions reported for individual regions, provided that fossil fuel sources can be separated from other CO 2 sources or sinks and atmospheric transport can be accurately accounted for. We quantified ffCO 2 by measuring radiocarbon ( 14 C) in CO 2 , an accurate fossil-carbon tracer, at nine observation sites in California for three months in 2014–15. There is strong agreement between the measurements and ffCO 2 simulated using a high-resolution atmospheric model and a spatiotemporally-resolved fossil fuel flux estimate. Inverse estimates of total in-state ffCO 2 emissions are consistent with the California Air Resources Board’s reported ffCO 2 emissions, providing tentative validation of California’s reported ffCO 2 emissions in 2014–15. Continuing this prot...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Mid-depth circulation of the subpolar north atlantic during the last glacial maximum (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-19
    Description: Holocene and glacial carbon isotope data of benthic foraminifera from shallow to mid-depth cores from the northeastern subpolar Atlantic show that this region was strongly stratified, with carbon-13-enriched glacial North Atlantic intermediate water (GNAIW) overlying carbon-13-depleted Southern Ocean water (SOW). The data suggest that GNAIW originated north of the polar front and define GNAIW end-member carbon isotope values for studies of water-mass mixing in the open Atlantic. Identical carbon isotope values in the core of GNAIW and below the subtropical thermocline are consistent with rapid cycling of GNAIW through the northern Atlantic. The high carbon isotope values below the thermocline indicate that enhanced nutrient leakage in response to increased ventilation may have extended into intermediate waters. Geochemical box models show that the atmospheric carbon dioxide response to nutrient leakage that results from an increase in ventilation rate may be greater than the response to nutrient redistribution by conversion of North Atlantic deep water into GNAIW. These results underscore the potential rule of Atlantic Ocean circulation changes in influencing past atmospheric carbon dioxide values.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oppo, D W -- Lehman, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 19;259(5098):1148-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17794395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Absence of cooling in New Zealand and the adjacent ocean during the Younger Dryas chronozone (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: As the climate warmed at the end of the last glacial period, a rapid reversal in temperature, the Younger Dryas (YD) event, briefly returned much of the North Atlantic region to near full-glacial conditions. The event was associated with climate reversals in many other areas of the Northern Hemisphere and also with warming over and near Antarctica. However, the expression of the YD in the mid- to low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere (and the southwest Pacific region in particular) is much more controversial. Here we show that the Waiho Loop advance of the Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand was not a YD event, as previously thought, and that the adjacent ocean warmed throughout the YD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrows, Timothy T -- Lehman, Scott J -- Fifield, L Keith -- De Deckker, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):86-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Tim.Barrows@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Marine radiocarbon evidence for the mechanism of deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: We reconstructed the radiocarbon activity of intermediate waters in the eastern North Pacific over the past 38,000 years. Radiocarbon activity paralleled that of the atmosphere, except during deglaciation, when intermediate-water values fell by more than 300 per mil. Such a large decrease requires a deglacial injection of very old waters from a deep-ocean carbon reservoir that was previously well isolated from the atmosphere. The timing of intermediate-water radiocarbon depletion closely matches that of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and effectively traces the redistribution of carbon from the deep ocean to the atmosphere during deglaciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchitto, Thomas M -- Lehman, Scott J -- Ortiz, Joseph D -- Fluckiger, Jacqueline -- van Geen, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1456-9. Epub 2007 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tom.marchitto@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiation of Fennoscandian ice-sheet retreat during the last deglaciation (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 349 (1991), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The former western and southwestern margins of the Fennoscandian ice sheet extended onto the continental shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; -18 kyr BP), and it has been widely supposed, on the basis of off-shore mollusc 14C dates that deglaciation of the shelf occurred -13 kyr BP11. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349513a0
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