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  • 1
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    Dynamical response of the tropical Pacific Ocean to solar forcing during the early Holocene (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: We present a high-resolution magnesium/calcium proxy record of Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) from off the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, a region where interannual SST variability is dominated today by the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Temperatures were lowest during the early to middle Holocene, consistent with documented eastern equatorial Pacific cooling and numerical model simulations of orbital forcing into a La Nina-like state at that time. The early Holocene SSTs were also characterized by millennial-scale fluctuations that correlate with cosmogenic nuclide proxies of solar variability, with inferred solar minima corresponding to El Nino-like (warm) conditions, in apparent agreement with the theoretical "ocean dynamical thermostat" response of ENSO to exogenous radiative forcing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchitto, Thomas M -- Muscheler, Raimund -- Ortiz, Joseph D -- Carriquiry, Jose D -- van Geen, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1378-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1194887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tom.marchitto@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The geological record of ocean acidification (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO(2), global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry-a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO(2) release currently taking place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honisch, Barbel -- Ridgwell, Andy -- Schmidt, Daniela N -- Thomas, Ellen -- Gibbs, Samantha J -- Sluijs, Appy -- Zeebe, Richard -- Kump, Lee -- Martindale, Rowan C -- Greene, Sarah E -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Ries, Justin -- Zachos, James C -- Royer, Dana L -- Barker, Stephen -- Marchitto, Thomas M Jr -- Moyer, Ryan -- Pelejero, Carles -- Ziveri, Patrizia -- Foster, Gavin L -- Williams, Branwen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1058-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1208277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbonates/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Fossils ; *Geological Phenomena ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    El Nino-like pattern in ice age tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the cold tongue of the eastern equatorial Pacific exert powerful controls on global atmospheric circulation patterns. We examined climate variability in this region from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present, using a SST record reconstructed from magnesium/calcium ratios in foraminifera from sea-floor sediments near the Galapagos Islands. Cold-tongue SST varied coherently with precession-induced changes in seasonality during the past 30,000 years. Observed LGM cooling of just 1.2 degrees C implies a relaxation of tropical temperature gradients, weakened Hadley and Walker circulation, southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and a persistent El Nino-like pattern in the tropical Pacific. This is contrasted with mid-Holocene cooling suggestive of a La Nina-like pattern with enhanced SST gradients and strengthened trade winds. Our results support a potent role for altered tropical Pacific SST gradients in global climate variations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koutavas, Athanasios -- Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean -- Marchitto, Thomas M Jr -- Sachs, Julian P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):226-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. athan@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: The circulation of the deep Atlantic Ocean during the height of the last ice age appears to have been quite different from today. We review observations implying that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was neither extremely sluggish nor an enhanced version of present-day circulation. The distribution of the decay products of uranium in sediments is consistent with a residence time for deep waters in the Atlantic only slightly greater than today. However, evidence from multiple water-mass tracers supports a different distribution of deep-water properties, including density, which is dynamically linked to circulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean -- Adkins, Jess F -- Curry, William B -- Dokken, Trond -- Hall, Ian R -- Herguera, Juan Carlos -- Hirschi, Joel J-M -- Ivanova, Elena V -- Kissel, Catherine -- Marchal, Olivier -- Marchitto, Thomas M -- McCave, I Nicholas -- McManus, Jerry F -- Mulitza, Stefan -- Ninnemann, Ulysses -- Peeters, Frank -- Yu, Ein-Fen -- Zahn, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):66-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. jean@eas.gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Marine radiocarbon evidence for the mechanism of deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: We reconstructed the radiocarbon activity of intermediate waters in the eastern North Pacific over the past 38,000 years. Radiocarbon activity paralleled that of the atmosphere, except during deglaciation, when intermediate-water values fell by more than 300 per mil. Such a large decrease requires a deglacial injection of very old waters from a deep-ocean carbon reservoir that was previously well isolated from the atmosphere. The timing of intermediate-water radiocarbon depletion closely matches that of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and effectively traces the redistribution of carbon from the deep ocean to the atmosphere during deglaciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchitto, Thomas M -- Lehman, Scott J -- Ortiz, Joseph D -- Fluckiger, Jacqueline -- van Geen, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1456-9. Epub 2007 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tom.marchitto@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Enhanced modern heat transfer to the Arctic by warm Atlantic Water (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: The Arctic is responding more rapidly to global warming than most other areas on our planet. Northward-flowing Atlantic Water is the major means of heat advection toward the Arctic and strongly affects the sea ice distribution. Records of its natural variability are critical for the understanding of feedback mechanisms and the future of the Arctic climate system, but continuous historical records reach back only ~150 years. Here, we present a multidecadal-scale record of ocean temperature variations during the past 2000 years, derived from marine sediments off Western Svalbard (79 degrees N). We find that early-21st-century temperatures of Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean are unprecedented over the past 2000 years and are presumably linked to the Arctic amplification of global warming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spielhagen, Robert F -- Werner, Kirstin -- Sorensen, Steffen Aagaard -- Zamelczyk, Katarzyna -- Kandiano, Evguenia -- Budeus, Gereon -- Husum, Katrine -- Marchitto, Thomas M -- Hald, Morten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):450-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1197397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Literature, 53151 Mainz, Germany. rspielhagen@ifm-geomar.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-05
    Description: Tropical Pacific Ocean dynamics during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) are poorly characterized due to a lack of evidence from the eastern equatorial Pacific. We reconstructed sea surface temperature, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity, and the tropical Pacific zonal gradient for the past millennium from Galapagos ocean sediments. We document a mid-millennium shift (MMS) in ocean-atmosphere circulation around 1500-1650 CE, from a state with dampened ENSO and strong zonal gradient to one with amplified ENSO and weak gradient. The MMS coincided with the deepest LIA cooling and was probably caused by a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone. The peak of the MCA (900-1150 CE) was a warm period in the eastern Pacific, contradicting the paradigm of a persistent La Nina pattern.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rustic, Gerald T -- Koutavas, Athanasios -- Marchitto, Thomas M -- Linsley, Braddock K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1537-41. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9937. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Engineering Science and Physics, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA. Doctoral Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA. grustic@ldeo.columbia.edu. ; Department of Engineering Science and Physics, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA. Doctoral Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. ; Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. ; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26634438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-09
    Description: Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth’s climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Our synthesis indicates that the superposition of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Sub sea surface temperatures in the Polar North Atlantic during the Holocene: Planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca temperature reconstructions (2013)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-24
    Description: Holocene sea surface temperatures in the eastern Fram Strait are reconstructed based on Mg/Ca ratios measured on the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin). The reconstructed sub sea surface temperatures (sSST Mg/Ca ) fluctuate markedly during the earliest Holocene at ~11.7 and 10.5 kyr BP. This is probably in response to the varying presence of sea-ice and deglacial meltwater. Between ~10.5–7.9 kyr BP, the sSST Mg/Ca values are relatively high (~4°C) and more stable reflecting high insolation and intensified poleward advection of Atlantic Water. After 7.9 kyr BP, the sSST Mg/Ca values decline to an average of ~3°C throughout the mid-Holocene. These changes can be attributed to a combined effect of reduced poleward oceanic heat advection and a decline in insolation as well as a gradually increased influence of eastward migrating Arctic Water. The sSST Mg/Ca values increase and vary between 2.1°C and 5.8°C from ~2.7 kyr BP to the present. This warming is in contrast to declining late-Holocene insolation and may instead be explained by factors including increased advection of oceanic heat to the Arctic region possibly insulated beneath a widening freshwater layer in the northern North Atlantic in conjunction with a shift in calcification season and/or depth habitat of N. pachyderma (sin).
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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