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  • 1
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    Paleodust variability since the Last Glacial Maximum and implications for iron inputs to the ocean (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: Changing climate conditions affect dust emissions and the global dust cycle, which in turn affects climate and biogeochemistry. In this study we use observationally-constrained model reconstructions of the global dust cycle since the Last Glacial Maximum, combined with different simplified assumptions of atmospheric and sea ice processing of dust-borne iron, to provide estimates of soluble iron deposition to the oceans. For different climate conditions, we discuss uncertainties in model-based estimates of atmospheric processing and dust deposition to key oceanic regions, highlighting the large degree of uncertainty of this important variable for ocean biogeochemistry and the global carbon cycle. We also show the role of sea ice acting as a time buffer and processing agent, which results in a delayed and pulse-like soluble iron release into the ocean during the melting season, with monthly peaks up to ~17 Gg/month released into the Southern Oceans during the LGM.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Mechanisms of drug discrimination by human pol {gamma} [Biochemistry] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are the essential components of highly active antiretroviral (HAART) therapy targeting HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). NRTI triphosphates (NRTI-TP), the biologically active forms, act as chain terminators of viral DNA synthesis. Unfortunately, NRTIs also inhibit human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol γ), causing unwanted mitochondrial toxicity....
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Large deglacial shifts of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (2016)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-24
    Description: Article The extent to which the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)—a primary influence over tropical hydrology—varied in the past remains uncertain. Here, the authors use a transect of marine sediment cores to quantify latitudinal migrations of the ITCZ during the penultimate deglaciation. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10449 Authors: A. W. Jacobel, J. F. McManus, R. F. Anderson, G. Winckler
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Opal accumulation rates in the equatorial Pacific and mechanisms of deglaciation (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-18
    Description: A possible imprint on equatorial Pacific sediments of a deglacial reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean overturning is increased opal accumulation rate. This would arise from the transmission of silica-rich deep water to the equatorial thermocline via Subantarctic Mode Water and an associated increase in diatom productivity. In search of this imprint, sediment cores from the central (TT013-PC72) and eastern (V19-30) equatorial Pacific have been analyzed for 230Th-normalized opal accumulation rates over the past five and three glacial terminations, respectively. Equatorial opal accumulation rates sustained relatively low values over much of the records and were punctuated by large increases centered on some terminations, but not all. Furthermore, two periods of increased opal flux were observed that do not coincide with terminations. Sources other than the Southern Ocean may need to be considered in the silica budget of the equatorial Pacific, but the δ13C of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei can be used to support the presence of a deepwater nutrient signal in each case. Although a common deglacial mechanism, or a common imprint thereof, for each of the late Pleistocene glaciations remains elusive, the combination of opal flux and δ13C of N. dutertrei provides a diagnostic for past injection of deepwater nutrients into the Equatorial Undercurrent.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    No evidence for equatorial Pacific dust fertilization (2019)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Glacial surface temperatures of the southeast Atlantic Ocean (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: A detailed record of sea surface temperature from sediments of the Cape Basin in the subtropical South Atlantic indicates a previously undocumented progression of marine climate change between 41 and 18 thousand years before the present (ky B.P.), during the last glacial period. Whereas marine records typically indicate a long-term cooling into the Last Glacial Maximum (around 21 ky B.P.) consistent with gradually increasing global ice volume, the Cape Basin record documents an interval of substantial temperate ocean warming from 41 to 25 ky B.P. The pattern is similar to that expected in response to changes in insolation owing to variations in Earth's tilt.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sachs, J P -- Anderson, R F -- Lehman, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room E34-254, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jsachs@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Covariant glacial-interglacial dust fluxes in the equatorial Pacific and Antarctica (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: Dust plays a critical role in Earth's climate system and serves as a natural source of iron and other micronutrients to remote regions of the ocean. We have generated records of dust deposition over the past 500,000 years at three sites spanning the breadth of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Equatorial Pacific dust fluxes are highly correlated with global ice volume and with dust fluxes to Antarctica, which suggests that dust generation in interhemispheric source regions exhibited a common response to climate change over late-Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our results provide quantitative constraints on the variability of aeolian iron supply to the equatorial Pacific Ocean and, more generally, on the potential contribution of dust to past climate change and to related changes in biogeochemical cycles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winckler, Gisela -- Anderson, Robert F -- Fleisher, Martin Q -- McGee, David -- Mahowald, Natalie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):93-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1150595. Epub 2008 Feb 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964, USA. winckler@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: Wind-driven upwelling in the ocean around Antarctica helps regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the deep sea and the atmosphere, as well as the supply of dissolved silicon to the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean. Diatom productivity south of the Antarctic Polar Front and the subsequent burial of biogenic opal in underlying sediments are limited by this silicon supply. We show that opal burial rates, and thus upwelling, were enhanced during the termination of the last ice age in each sector of the Southern Ocean. In the record with the greatest temporal resolution, we find evidence for two intervals of enhanced upwelling concurrent with the two intervals of rising atmospheric CO2 during deglaciation. These results directly link increased ventilation of deep water to the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, R F -- Ali, S -- Bradtmiller, L I -- Nielsen, S H H -- Fleisher, M Q -- Anderson, B E -- Burckle, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1443-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1167441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Post Office Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. boba@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Paleoclimate. Uncorking the Southern Ocean's vintage CO2 (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Robert F -- Carr, Mary-Elena -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1117-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1190765.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. boba@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Role of marine biology in glacial-interglacial CO2 cycles (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: It has been hypothesized that changes in the marine biological pump caused a major portion of the glacial reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide by 80 to 100 parts per million through increased iron fertilization of marine plankton, increased ocean nutrient content or utilization, or shifts in dominant plankton types. We analyze sedimentary records of marine productivity at the peak and the middle of the last glacial cycle and show that neither changes in nutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean nor shifts in plankton dominance explain the CO2 drawdown. Iron fertilization and associated mechanisms can be responsible for no more than half the observed drawdown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohfeld, Karen E -- Le Quere, Corinne -- Harrison, Sandy P -- Anderson, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):74-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. office@kohfeld.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/*metabolism ; Carbonates/metabolism ; Climate ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron/analysis ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*physiology ; Rain ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Silicic Acid/metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide/analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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