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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2406-2408 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An intense light pulse of 1.0 eV photons generates a hot-carrier plasma in germanium with a density of several 1017 cm−3. Cooling of the carriers results in a rise of the transmission at (h-dash-bar)ω=1.0 eV within a few picoseconds. Three carrier-phonon interactions based on deformation potential scattering contribute to the carrier relaxation: electron and hole intravalley scattering and intervalley electron scattering. The interaction constants for carrier cooling do not depend on lattice temperature between 30 and 300 K.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Keywords: Frohlich interaction ; Subpicosecond spectroscopy ; bandgap renormalization ; cooling of a carrier plasma ; infrared spectroscopy ; polar semiconductor ; reabsorption of optical phonons ; screening of the Frohlich interaction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 32 (1989), S. 1437-1441 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Keywords: Subpicosecond spectroscopy ; cooling of a carrier plasma ; deformation potential interaction ; infrared spectroscopy ; nonpolar semiconductor ; population of hole states ; reabsorption of phonons
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 70 (2000), S. 153-163 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nesquehonit, MgCO3 · 3H2O, ist aus Sounion, Bergbaugebiet Lavrion, Griechenland als spätes Verwitterungsprodukt in Kristallen bis zu 4 mm Größe beobachtet worden. Die Kristallstruktur wurde in P21/n, Z = 4, anhand von CCD-Röntgen-Einkristalldaten eines Zwillings mit orthorhombischer Pseudosymmetrie zu einem R-Wert von 0.032 verfeinert. Die genauen Zellparameter a = 7,701(1) Å, b = 5,365(1) Å, c = 12,126(2) Å, β = 90,41(4)° und V = 501,0(1) Å3 wurden aus einer Rietveld-Verfeinerung von hochaufgelösten Röntgen-Pulverdaten ermittelt. Die berechnete Dichte ist 1,835 gcm−3. Die Atomkoordinaten der Mg, C und O Atome entsprechen den bereits publizierten Daten, jedoch konnte nun das Wasserstoffbrückensystem anhand von experimentell bestimmten H – Positionen geklärt werden. Die Struktur von Nesquehonit ist durch unendliche Ketten entlang [010] gekennzeichnet, die aus eckenverknüpften MgO6-Oktaedern gebildet werden. Innerhalb der Ketten verbinden planare CO3-Gruppen drei MgO6-Oktaeder über zwei gemeinsame Ecken und eine Kante und verursachen dadurch eine starke Verzerrung der beteiligten Polyeder. Diese Ketten sind untereinander nur mittels Wasserstoffbrücken verbunden: jedes Mg Atom besitzt zwei H2O-Liganden, und ein freies Wassermolekül liegt zwischen den Ketten. Die mittleren Bindungslängen betragen 2,076 Å für Mg–O und 1,283 Å für C–O, die Aplanarität der Karbonatgruppe ist 0,025(3) Å. Fünf der sechs Wasserstoffbrücken liegen mit O–H · O von 2,738(2) Å bis 2,820(2) Å, im üblichen Bereich, die sechste ist zweifach aufgespalten.
    Notes: Summary Nesquehonite, MgCO3 · 3H2O, has been observed from Sounion, Lavrion mining district, Greece as a late alteration product in crystals up to 4 mm in size. The structure was refined in P21/n, Z = 4, to R = 0.032 using CCD X-ray single-crystal data of a twinned specimen showing orthorhombic pseudosymmetry. The precise cell parameters a = 7.701(1) Å, b = 5.365(1)  Å, c = 12.126(2) Å, β = 90.41(1)°, and V = 501.0(1) Å3 were obtained from a Rietveld refinement of high resolution X-ray powder data with a calculated density of 1.835 gcm−3. The atomic coordinates of the Mg, C and O atoms are in accordance to published data, the hydrogen bond system, however, could now be established on the basis of experimentally determined H positions. The structure of nesquehonite is characterized by infinite chains along [010], formed by cornersharing MgO6 octahedra. Within the chains, CO3 groups link three MgO6 octahedra by two common corners and one edge, which causes strong distortions of the involved polyhedra. These chains are interconnected via hydrogen bonds only: each Mg atom is coordinated by two H2O ligands, and one free water molecule is situated between the chains. Mean bond lengths are 2.076 Å for Mg-O and 1.283 Å for C–O, the aplanarity of the carboate group is 0.025(3) Å Of the six hydrogen bonds, five are usual ones with O–H⋯O from 2.738(2) Å to 2.820(2) Å the sixth one is found to be bifurcated.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 63 (1998), S. 19-34 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Niedermayrit, Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O, ist ein neues Mineral, das 1995 im Km3-Bereich des Bergbaugebietes Lavrion, Griechenland, gefunden wurde. Es bildet winzige gut ausgebildete Plättchen, häufig miteinander verwachsen in grünen Krusten bis zu mehreren cm2 Größe. Die Matrix besteht aus brecciösem Marmor mit Sphalerit, Chalcopyrit, Galenit, Greenockit, Hawleyit und Pyrit. Sekundäre Begleitminerale sind Gips, Malachit, Chalcanthit, Brochantit, Hemimorphit, Hydrozincit, Aurichalcit, ein unbekanntes Cd-Sulfat, Monteponit und Otavit. Niedermayrit fluoresziert nicht, besitzt blaugrüne Farbe mit Glasglanz, der Strich ist weiß. Die Kristalle sind spröd mit perfekter Spaltbarkeit parallel {010}. Optik: biaxial (−) mit nα(ber.), nβ, und nγ=1.609, 1.642(2), und 1.661(2); Orientierung nα//b. Die berechnete Dichte beträgt 3.292 gcm−3. Die auffallendste Flächenform ist {010}. Die chemische Analyse mittels Mikrosonde ergibt CdO 16.5, CuO 45.7, SO3 21.6, H2O 16.2wt.% (ber. auf 100% Summe) und die empirische Formel Cu4.29Cd0.96S2.01O11.28 · 6.71 H2O (basierend auf 18 Sauerstoffatomen pro Formeleinheit). Aus der TGA wurde ein H2O Gehalt von 18.9 Gew.% erhalten. Die Idealformel (bestätigt durch die Kristallstrukturverfeinerung) ist Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O bei einem theoretischen H2O-Gehalt von 17.2 Gew.%. Die stärksten Linien im Pulverdiffraktogramm (Gandolfi Kamera, visuell geschätzte I, verfeinerte Gitterkonstanten a = 5.535(2), b = 21.947(9), c = 6.085(2) Å,β = 91.98(3)°) sind: (dobs[Å]/Iobs/hkl) (11.02/90/0 2 0), (5.874/20/0 1 1), (5.496/100/0 4 0), (5.322/25/0 2 1), (4.079/50/0 4 1), (3.660/20/0 6 0), (3.437/30/1 5 0), (3.243/40/1 4 1), (2.470/30/2 4 0), (2.425/20/1 4 −2), (2.205/20/2 6 0) und (1.897/20/1 8 2). Das Mineral ist monoklin, P21/m, Z = 2, a = 5.543(1) Å, b = 21.995(4) Å, c = 6.079(1) Å,β = 92.04(3)°, V = 740.7(2) Å3 Die Kristallstruktur wurde mittels Einkristallröntgenmethoden bestimmt und zu R1 = 0.026, wR2 = 0.056 verfeinert. Die Struktur von Niedermayrit ist durch ∞ 2 [Cu4(OH)6O2]2− Schichten von kantenverknüpften Cu-Koordinationsoktaedern parallel (010) gekennzeichnet mit damit verbundenen SO4 Tetraedern und dazwischen befindlichen CdO2(H2O)4 Oktaedem mit einem Wasserstoffbrückensystem. Es bestehen enge Beziehungen mit den Kristallstrukturen von Christelit und Campigliait. Das neue Mineral ist nach Dr. Gerhard Niedermayr, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Österreich, benannt.
    Notes: Summary Niedermayrite, Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O, is a new mineral discovered in 1995 in the Km3-area of the Lavrion mining district, Greece. It forms tiny euhedral plates, commonly intergrown as green crusts up to several cm2 in size on a matrix consisting of a brecciated marble with sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, greenockite, hawleyite and pyrite. Associated secondary minerals are gypsum, malachite, chalcanthite, brochantite, hemimorphite, hydrozincite, aurichalcite, one unknown Cd-sulfate, monteponite and otavite. Niedermayrite is non-fluorescent and has a bluish-green colour with vitreous lustre, the streak is white. The crystals are brittle with perfect cleavage parallel {010}. Optics: biaxial (−) with nα(calc.), nβ, and nγ =1.609, 1.642(2), and 1.661(2), respectively; orientation nα//b. The calculated density is 3.292 gcm−3. The most prominent form is {010}. Analysis by electron microprobe gives CdO 16.5, CuO 45.7, SO3 21.6, H2O 16.2 wt.% (calc. to 100% sum) and the empirical formula Cu4.29Cd0.96S2.01O11.28 · 6.71 H2O (based on 18 oxygens p.f.u.). By TGA an H2O content of 18.9 wt.% was obtained. The ideal formula (confirmed by the crystal structure refinement) is Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O with a theoretical H2O content of 17.2 wt.%. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern (Gandolfi camera, visually estimated I, refined lattice parameters a = 5.535(2), b = 21.947(9), c = 6.085(2) Å,β = 91.98(3)°) are: (dobs[Å]/Iobs/hkl) (11.02/90/0 2 0), (5.874/20/0 1 1), (5.496/100/0 4 0), (5.322/25/0 2 1), (4.079/50/0 4 1), (3.660/20/0 6 0), (3. 437/30/1 5 0), (3.243/40/1 4 1), (2.470/30/2 4 0), (2.425/20/1 4 −2), (2.205/20/2 6 0) and (1.897/20/1 8 2). The mineral is monoclinic, P21/m, Z = 2, a = 5.543(1) Å, b = 21.995(4) Å, c = 6.079(1) Å,β = 92.04(3)°, V = 740.7(2) Å3. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray methods and was refined to R1= 0.026, wR2 = 0.056. The structure of niedermayrite is characterized by ∞ 2 [Cu4(OH)6O2]2− sheets of edgesharing Cu coordination octahedra parallel to (010) with attached SO4 tetrahedra, and intercalated CdO2(H2O)4 octahedra with a system of hydrogen bonds. Close relationships to the crystal structures of christelite and campigliaite exist. The new mineral is named for Dr. Gerhard Niedermayr, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1988-12-12
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: Cairncrossite is a new phyllosilicate species found in manganese ore on dumps of the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Associated minerals are richterite, sugilite, lizardite and fibrous pectolite. It occurs as radiating platy micaceous aggregates of up to 1 cm in size. Cairncrossite is colourless, appearing white, and the crystals are translucent to transparent with a white streak and vitreous to pearly lustre. The crystals are sectile before brittle fracture, with a Mohs hardness of 3. A perfect cleavage parallel (001) is observed. The calculated density is 2.486 g cm –3 . The mineral is biaxial positive with n α = 1.518(2), n β = 1.522(2), n = 1.546(2), 2 V obs = 33.9(6)° (2 V calc = 44.97°) at 589.3 nm and 24°C. The orientation of the indicatrix is Z ^ c * = 10°. The dispersion is weak ( r 〈 v ) and no pleochroism is observed. An intense light-blue fluorescence is emitted under shortwave UV radiation. Cairncrossite is triclinic, space group P $$\overline{1}$$ , a = 9.6265(5), b = 9.6391(5), c = 15.6534(10) Å, α = 100.89(1), β = 91.27(1), = 119.73(1)°, V = 1227.08(13) Å 3 , Z = 1. The strongest lines in the Gandolfi X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [ d in Å( I )( hkl )] are 15.230 (100)(001), 8.290 (15)(1–10), 5.080(25)(003), 3.807(30)(004), and 3.045(20)(005). The chemical composition obtained by electron-microprobe analysis is Na 2 O 3.06, K 2 O 0.11, CaO 18.61, SiO 2 54.91, SrO 11.75, total 88.44 wt%. The relevant empirical formula, based on 16 Si atoms per formula unit ( apfu ) and TGA data is: Sr 1.99 K 0.02 Ca 5.81 Na 1.73 Si 16 O 55.84 H 30.33 . Taking variable sodium contents into account, the idealized structural formula is Sr 2 Ca 7–x Na 2x (Si 4 O 10 ) 4 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 15–x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and the simplified formula for sodium-rich crystals is SrCa 3 Na(Si 4 O 10 ) 2 (OH)(H 2 O) 7 with Z = 2. The structure of cairncrossite was refined on single-crystal X-ray data (Mo K α radiation) to R 1 = 0.047. Cairncrossite belongs to the gyrolite and reyerite mineral groups, it is characterized by sheets consisting of edge-sharing CaO 6 octahedra, which are corner-linked on both sides to silicate layers. These units are intercalated by layers formed by SrO 8 polyhedra, which are arranged in pairs via a common edge, and further bound to disordered NaO 6 polyhedra. A complex system of hydrogen bonds strengthens the linkage to adjacent silicate layers. Cairncrossite exhibits a two-phase endothermic weight loss of the H 2 O molecules in the range 25–400°C; however, the mineral shows a nearly complete rehydration capability up to 400°C. The new mineral is named in honour of Bruce Cairncross, Professor and Head of the Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg.
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Schweizerbart
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-1101
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2405
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-1101
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2405
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1989-07-15
    Print ISSN: 0163-1829
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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