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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 56 (1998), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: During the period of 1970–1988 annually app. 15.000 t of wood preservatives were produced, thereof 1/3 water soluble salts and 2/3 oilbased products. The records revealed that environmentally relevant substances such as arsenate and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were used in the former GDR. The present situation of impregnation plants involves special problems, as the majority of the recorded vacuum pressure- and dipping devices showed a desolate condition since in the time of GDR. Corresponding investigations at the different locations will show to what extent remedial measures are necessary.
    Notes: In dem Zeitraum von 1970–1988 wurden durchschnittlich ca. 15000 t Holzschutzmittel pro Jahr hergestellt, wobei davon etwa 1/3 auf wasserlösliche Salze und 2/3 auf ölige Holzschutzmittel entfallen. Aus den Recherchen geht ferner hervor, daß in der ehemaligen DDR umweltrelevante Substanzen eingesetzt wurden, wie z. B. Arsenate und Pentachlorphenol (PCP). Ein besonderes Problem stellen die ehemaligen Kesseldruck- und Trogtränkanlagen dar, weil eine Vielzahl der erfaßten Imprägnieranlagen bereits damals einen desolaten Zustand aufwiesen. Inwieweit eine Sanierung notwendig ist, müssen erst entsprechende Vor-Ort-Unter-suchungen zeigen.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 56 (1998), S. 103-106 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pinus sylvestris ) from trees of different ages was investigated using the brown rot fungi Coniophora puteana. The particleboards were bonded with polymeric diisocyanate (PMDI), melamin-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MUPF-resin), phenolformaldehyde resin (PF-resin) and tanninformaldehyde resin (TF-resin). As reference particleboards from sap- and heartwood of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Larch (Larix decidua) were investigated using the binders PMDI, MUPF-, PF- and TF-resin as well as particleboards from sapwood of pine containing a chemical wood preservative. Generally, MUPF- and TF-bonded particleboards made from heartwood were of higher biological resistance compared with those made from sapwood using the same binder system. In case of PMDI-bonded pine particleboards the influence of heartwood on the biological resistance was almost undetectable. TF-bonded particleboards made from heartwood of 126-year-old pine (samples without leaching) showed a very high resistance towards biological attack. Leaching of particleboards prior to testing decreased the biological resistance of TF-bonded pine boards from old trees. The difference between the biological resistance of untreated and leached particleboard samples was especially high in case of TF-bonded particleboards of heartwood from old pine, whereas leaching did not seem to have such effect on the biological resistance of TF-bonded particleboards of young pine and Douglas fir and larch, respectively. The resistance of MUPF- and PMDI-bonded boards remains unaffected by leaching.
    Notes: Pinus sylvestris ) unterschiedlichen Alters gegenüber dem Braunfäuleerreger Coniophora puteana wurde untersucht. Die Spanplatten wurden mit polymerem Diisocyanat (PMDI), Melamin-Harnstoff-Phenol-Formaldehydharz (MUPF-Harz), Phenolformaldehydharz (PF-Harz) und Tannin-Formaldehydharz (TF-Harz) als Bindemittel hergestellt. Zum Vergleich dienten PMDI-, MUPF-, PF- und TF-gebundene Spanplatten aus dem Kern- und Splintholz der Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii) und Lärche (Larix decidua) sowie Spanplatten aus dem Splintholz der Kiefer, die ein chemisches Holzschutzmittel enthielten. Die MUPF- und TF-gebundenen Kernholzspanplatten wiesen eine höhere Beständigkeit gegenüber dem holzzerstörenden Pilz auf als die entsprechenden Splintholzspanplatten. Bei den mit PMDI als Bindemittel hergestellten Spanplatten kam der hemmende Einfluß des Kernholzes auf das Pilzwachstum nicht zum Ausdruck. TF-gebundene Kernholzspanplatten aus 126jähriger Kiefer ohne Alterungsbeanspruchung (Auswaschbehandlung) zeigten eine sehr hohe Pilzresistenz; bei einer Auswaschbehandlung der TF-gebundenen Kiefernkernholzspanplatten war die Pilzresistenz jedoch nicht mehr gegeben. Demgegenüber war bei den TF-gebundenen Kernholzspanplatten der jungen Kiefer sowie der Douglasie und Lärche der Einfluß der Auswaschbehandlung nur gering. Die Auswaschbehandlung hatte bei den MUPF- und PMDI-gebundenen Spanplatten keinen nachweisbaren Einfluß auf den Pilzabbau.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), English oak heartwood (Quercus robur L.) and Douglas fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco.) were exposed to natural weathering without ground contact for two years. The melamine resin even in low concentrations provided distinctive protection against photochemical wood degradation by weathering and infestation by wood staining fungi, but did not protect against cracking and high moisture content. In the second year of natural weathering the samples exceeded 25% moisture content on 9 days (untreated Douglas fir), 21 days (untreated oak), 88 days (untreated spruce), 129 to 160 days (pine impregnated with MF resin), 166 days (untreated pine) and 236 days (pine with varnish). After two years of weathering, the samples treated with biocide-free, transparent varnish gained a moisture content of 130% within 1 hour of floating in water. Light microscopy revealed extensive bacterial colonisation in the interior of the varnished samples which is made responsible for the increased water adsorption. The varnish, which was perforated in numerous places by blue stain but nevertheless still restricted diffusion, induced long-lasting periods of high moisture content. Thus the conditions necessary for the growth of bacteria and soft rot were provided and the risk of decay increased by the damaged coating.
    Notes: Pinus sylvestris L.), Fichte (Picea abies L.), Eichen-Kernholz (Quercus robur L.) und Douglasien-Kernholz (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) wurde zwei Jahre im Freiland ohne Erdkontakt bewittert. Die Melaminharzvergütung verzögerte bereits in geringer Konzentration den photochemischen Holzabbau und eine Besiedelung durch holzverfärbende Pilze beträchtlich, bewirkte jedoch keinen Schutz vor Rißbildung und keinen Feuchteschutz. Im zweiten Jahr der Bewitterung überschritten die Proben 25% Holzfeuchte an 9 Tagen (unbehandelte Douglasie), 21 Tagen (unbehandelte Eiche), 88 Tagen (unbehandelte Fichte), 129 bis 160 Tagen (MMF-Harz imprägnierte Kiefer), 166 Tagen (unbehandelte Kiefer) und 236 Tagen (Kiefer mit Wetterschutzlasur). Bei Proben mit biozidfreier, transparenter Wetterschutzlasur stellte sich nach zweijähriger Bewitterung innerhalb von einer Stunde Wasserlagerung eine Holzfeuchte von 130% ein. Die lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung offenbarte im Inneren der lasierten Proben eine ausgedehnte Bakterienbesiedelung, welche für die erhöhte Wasseraufnahme und innere Wegsamkeit verantwortlich gemacht wird. Die an zahlreichen Stellen durch Anstrichbläue perforierte, jedoch diffusionsbremsende Lasur schuf durch lange Perioden hoher Holzfeuchte Lebensbedingungen für Bakterien und Moderfäule.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 58 (2000), S. 15-22 
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) timber by application of a heat treatment was carried out in an oil-bath at temperatures between 180 °C and 220 °C without pressure and oxygen to improve the resistance against fungi and the dimensional stability. In comparison, wood specimens were exposed to the same temperatures in air atmosphere. The treatment of both wood species resulted in a better resistance against Coniophora puteana compared to specimens treated at the same temperatures in air atmosphere. Resins from the wood were distributed evenly by the oil-bath surrounding the specimens, resulting in a uniformly coloured surface compared to wood treated in air atmosphere. In order to achieve the desired upgrading effect, certain changes of mechanical properties and colour, however, have to be accepted, but they were less serious compared to specimens treated in air atmosphere. In general, the combination of a heat treatment in an oil bath seems to be a promising approach to upgrade wood for outdoor end-uses. Since the oils applied originate from plants this method of upgrading wood seems to be satisfying concerning ecological aspects.
    Notes: Picea abies L. Karst.) und Kiefernholz (Pinus sylvestris L.) durch Hitzebehandlung mit dem Ziel einer Erhöhung der Pilzresistenz und der Formbeständigkeit unter Sauerstoffabschluß drucklos durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich wurden Holzproben den gleichen Temperaturen in Luftatmosphäre ausgesetzt. Die Behandlung in einem erhitzten Ölbad ergab für beide Holzarten eine wesentlich höhere Resistenz gegenüber Coniophora puteana als an den Vergleichsproben. Das Ölbad verteilte austretendes Harz, so daß sich im Vergleich zu dem in Luftatmosphäre behandelten Holz eine gleichmäßig gefärbte Oberfläche ergab. Um die gewünschte Vergütung zu erreichen, sind Veränderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Farbe in Kauf zu nehmen, die aber bei Öl-Hitzebehandlung im Vergleich zur Hitzebehandlung unter Luftatmosphäre geringer ausfallen. Insgesamt erscheint die Holzvergütung im Ölbad bei gleichzeitiger Hitzeeinwirkung ein erfolgversprechender Ansatz, Holz für die Anwendung unter Bewitterung zu vergüten. Da die verwendeten Öle pflanzlicher Herkunft sind und somit von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen stammen, erscheint diese Vergütungsmethode auch unter ökologischen Gesichtspunkten sinnvoll.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1984-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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