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  • 1
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    P. falciparum force of infection [Medical Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: Genotyping Plasmodium falciparum parasites in longitudinal studies provides a robust approach to estimating force of infection (FOI) in the presence of superinfections. The molecular parameter molFOI, defined as the number of new P. falciparum clones acquired over time, describes basic malaria epidemiology and is suitable for measuring outcomes of interventions. This study was designed to test whether molFOI influenced the risk of clinical malaria episodes and how far molFOI reflected environmental determinants of transmission, such as seasonality and small-scale geographical variation or effects of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Two hundred sixty-four children 1–3 y of age from Papua New Guinea were followed over 16 mo. Individual parasite clones were tracked longitudinally by genotyping. On average, children acquired 5.9 (SD 9.6) new P. falciparum infections per child per y. molFOI showed a pronounced seasonality, was strongly reduced in children using ITNs (incidence rate ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, [0.38, 0.61]), increased with age, and significantly varied within villages (P = 0.001). The acquisition of new parasite clones was the major factor determining the risk of clinical illness (incidence rate ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, [1.93, 2.31]). Adjusting for individual differences in molFOI completely explained spatial variation, age trends, and the effect of ITN use. This study highlights the suitability of molFOI as a measure of individual exposure and its central role in malaria epidemiology. It has substantial advantages over entomological measures in studies of transmission patterns, and could be used in analyses of host variation in susceptibility, in field efficacy trials of novel interventions or vaccines, and for evaluating intervention effects.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The peopling of the Pacific from a bacterial perspective (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: Two prehistoric migrations peopled the Pacific. One reached New Guinea and Australia, and a second, more recent, migration extended through Melanesia and from there to the Polynesian islands. These migrations were accompanied by two distinct populations of the specific human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, called hpSahul and hspMaori, respectively. hpSahul split from Asian populations of H. pylori 31,000 to 37,000 years ago, in concordance with archaeological history. The hpSahul populations in New Guinea and Australia have diverged sufficiently to indicate that they have remained isolated for the past 23,000 to 32,000 years. The second human expansion from Taiwan 5000 years ago dispersed one of several subgroups of the Austronesian language family along with one of several hspMaori clades into Melanesia and Polynesia, where both language and parasite have continued to diverge.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2827536/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2827536/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moodley, Yoshan -- Linz, Bodo -- Yamaoka, Yoshio -- Windsor, Helen M -- Breurec, Sebastien -- Wu, Jeng-Yih -- Maady, Ayas -- Bernhoft, Steffie -- Thiberge, Jean-Michel -- Phuanukoonnon, Suparat -- Jobb, Gangolf -- Siba, Peter -- Graham, David Y -- Marshall, Barry J -- Achtman, Mark -- R01 DK062813/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK062813-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK62813/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):527-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1166083.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Infektionsbiologie, Department of Molecular Biology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Bayes Theorem ; *Emigration and Immigration/history ; Haplotypes ; Helicobacter pylori/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Language ; Melanesia ; *Oceanic Ancestry Group/history ; Pacific Islands ; Phylogeny ; Polynesia ; Population Dynamics ; Stomach/*microbiology ; Taiwan
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Malaria elimination strategies require surveillance of the parasite population for genetic changes that demand a public health response, such as new forms of drug resistance. Here we describe methods for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum by deep sequencing of parasite DNA obtained from the blood of patients with malaria, either directly or after short-term culture. Analysis of 86,158 exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms that passed genotyping quality control in 227 samples from Africa, Asia and Oceania provides genome-wide estimates of allele frequency distribution, population structure and linkage disequilibrium. By comparing the genetic diversity of individual infections with that of the local parasite population, we derive a metric of within-host diversity that is related to the level of inbreeding in the population. An open-access web application has been established for the exploration of regional differences in allele frequency and of highly differentiated loci in the P. falciparum genome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manske, Magnus -- Miotto, Olivo -- Campino, Susana -- Auburn, Sarah -- Almagro-Garcia, Jacob -- Maslen, Gareth -- O'Brien, Jack -- Djimde, Abdoulaye -- Doumbo, Ogobara -- Zongo, Issaka -- Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco -- Michon, Pascal -- Mueller, Ivo -- Siba, Peter -- Nzila, Alexis -- Borrmann, Steffen -- Kiara, Steven M -- Marsh, Kevin -- Jiang, Hongying -- Su, Xin-Zhuan -- Amaratunga, Chanaki -- Fairhurst, Rick -- Socheat, Duong -- Nosten, Francois -- Imwong, Mallika -- White, Nicholas J -- Sanders, Mandy -- Anastasi, Elisa -- Alcock, Dan -- Drury, Eleanor -- Oyola, Samuel -- Quail, Michael A -- Turner, Daniel J -- Ruano-Rubio, Valentin -- Jyothi, Dushyanth -- Amenga-Etego, Lucas -- Hubbart, Christina -- Jeffreys, Anna -- Rowlands, Kate -- Sutherland, Colin -- Roper, Cally -- Mangano, Valentina -- Modiano, David -- Tan, John C -- Ferdig, Michael T -- Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred -- Conway, David J -- Takala-Harrison, Shannon -- Plowe, Christopher V -- Rayner, Julian C -- Rockett, Kirk A -- Clark, Taane G -- Newbold, Chris I -- Berriman, Matthew -- MacInnis, Bronwyn -- Kwiatkowski, Dominic P -- 075491/Z/04/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077012/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 082370/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089275/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090770/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090770/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092654/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 093956/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 55005502/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- G0600718/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G19/9/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 19;487(7407):375-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11174.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Biodiversity ; Genome, Protozoan ; Genotype ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/*parasitology ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium falciparum/classification/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of lysine in plants: the putative role of meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: amino acid biosynthesis ; lysine biosynthesis ; m-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase ; plant lysine pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts from Chlamydomonas, corn, soybean and tobacco were tested for enzymes of the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Dihydrodipicolinic acid (DHD) synthase, DHD reductase, diaminopimelate (DAP) epimerase and DAP decarboxylase were present in all. However, in contrast to the report of Wenko et al., meso-DAP dehydrogenase could not be detected in extracts prepared from soybean. Moreover, it was not found in Chlamydomonas, corn and tobacco as well. In order to set an upper limit to the amount of meso-DAP dehydrogenase that might be present, reconstruction experiments were performed with soybean and corn extracts in which the conversion of dihydrodipicolinate to lysine was made dependent on the addition of limited amounts of the meso-DAP dehydrogenase purified from Bacillus sphaericus. The presence of DAP epimerase and the absence of meso-DAP dehydrogenase indicates that the meso-DAP dehydrogenase abbreviated pathway for lysine synthesis is not operative in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039539
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) blends (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 641-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behaviour of blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) (PBT) is investigated at low percentage of the second component. The melting behaviour of the isothermally crystallized sample shows that the crystallization behaviour in the blend is governed by the mobility of PBT. Below 200°C the crystallization process is hindered, whereas above 200°C the PET crystals are larger in case of added PBT. The non-isothermal crystallization behaviour shows that the crystallization process is hindered when the PBT content in the blend is less or higher than 6 wt.-%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860317
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  • 6
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    Response of the estuarine cyanobacterium Lyngbya aestuarii to UV-B radiation (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-13
    Print ISSN: 0921-8971
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5176
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Force of infection is key to understanding the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinean children (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-04
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Reversed reactivity of anilines with alkynes in the rhodium-catalysed C–H activation/carbonylation tandem (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-23
    Description: Article C-H activation reactions allow transformations on relatively unfunctionalised organic molecules. Here, the authors describe rhodium-catalysed C-H bond activation of unprotected anilines with alkynes leading to C-C bond formation (rather than the more usual C-N), and subsequent annulation to form quinolines. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9591 Authors: Siba P. Midya, Manoj K. Sahoo, Vinod G. Landge, P. R. Rajamohanan, Ekambaram Balaraman
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    KCa3.1–/– Mice Do Not Develop CIA: Regulatory Role for KCa3.1 in Autoimmune Arthritis (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-23
    Description: This communication is in response to the recent publication by Friebel K, Schönherr R, Kinne RW, Kunisch E. “Functional role of the KCa3.1 potassium channel in synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients” J Cell Physiol. 2015 Jul;230(7):1677-88. Friebel et al . reported a regulatory role for the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 on fibroblast like synovial cells (FLS) and its pathologic significance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). More specifically the authors observed that KCa3.1 regulates proliferation of FLS and several other functions of FLS relevant to pannus formation in the synovial joints such as secretion of proinflammtory cytokines and metalloproteinase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    A Neolithic expansion, but strong genetic structure, in the independent history of New Guinea (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-15
    Description: New Guinea shows human occupation since ~50 thousand years ago (ka), independent adoption of plant cultivation ~10 ka, and great cultural and linguistic diversity today. We performed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping on 381 individuals from 85 language groups in Papua New Guinea and find a sharp divide originating 10 to 20 ka between lowland and highland groups and a lack of non–New Guinean admixture in the latter. All highlanders share ancestry within the last 10 thousand years, with major population growth in the same period, suggesting population structure was reshaped following the Neolithic lifestyle transition. However, genetic differentiation between groups in Papua New Guinea is much stronger than in comparable regions in Eurasia, demonstrating that such a transition does not necessarily limit the genetic and linguistic diversity of human societies.
    Keywords: Anthropology, Genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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