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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 4 (1984), S. 161-171 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Impurity and defect absorption in solids ; Optical properties of thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati misurati gli spettri infrarossi di film di silicio amorfo idrogenato drogati con fosforo e boro. È stato studiato l'andamento delle bande di assorbimento dei modi «stretching», «wagging» (o «rocking») in funzione del drogaggio il cui valore è stato determinato con misure Auger. All'aumentare del drogaggio col fosforo ha corrisposto una diminuzione del contenuto d'idrogeno ed un incremento dell'area della banda di «stretching» di Si-H a spese di quella relativa a Si-H2. Analoghi risultati sono stati ottenuti per i campioni drogati con boro. Poiché nessuno spostamento delle bande di «stretching» verso frequenze piú alte è stato osservato, i cambiamenti d'intensità delle bande sono stati attribuiti a modifiche strutturali piú che a variazioni dell'elettro-negatività dell'ambiente circostante il silicio. In particolare, la tecnica di crescita usata sembra aver favorito rispetto alle altre la configurazione di monoidruro, con un conseguente minor numero di difetti.
    Abstract: Реуме Измеряются инфракрасные спектры гидрогенизированных аморфныш пленок кремния, легированных фосфором и бором, выращенных с помощяы метода выпаривания. Исследуется изменение полосы поглощения (типа растяжения и покачивания) при изменении содержания легрующих примесей, которые анализируются методом Оже. При уменьшении легирования, отмечается уменьшение содержания водорода и увеличение момента нулевого порядка для растяжения SI−H за счет SI−H2. Для пленок, легированных бором, наблюдаются аналогичные результаты. Так как не наблюдается сдвиг по частоте в сторону больших частот для растянутых зон, то наблюденные изменения интенсивности зон приписываются изменениям структуры, а не изменениям электроотрицательности окружения атома кремния. В частности, использованная техника выращивания, повндимому, благоприятствует образованию моногидридной конфигурации с наименьшим числом дефектов.
    Notes: Summary The infra-red spectra of P- and B-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon films grown by means of an evaporation method have been measured. The SiH n stretching and wagging (or rocking) absorption bands have been examined by varying the dopant content measured by Auger analysis. On increasing the doping, a reduction of hydrogen content has been noticed with an enhancing of zeroth-order moment of Si-H stretching at the expense of the Si-H2 one. Analogous results for B-doped films have been observed. Since no frequency shift towards higher frequencies of the stretching bands has been measured, the observed changes of the intensity of the bands have been attributed to structure modifications rather than to variations in the electronegativity in the neighbours of the silicon atom. In particular, the monohidride configuration with an overall decrease in the number of defects seems to be favoured by the deposition technique adopted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 841-848 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Impurity and defect absorption in solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Mediante misure di assorbimento ottico e di fotoconducibilità si è trovato che la larghezza della coda di Urbach e il valore del gap ottico dipendono fortemente dal disordine presente nella matrice dei film di silicio amorfo idrogenato. Inoltre si è osservato che il disordine termico e quello strutturale influenzano allo stesso modo il coefficiente di assorbimento avvalorando l'ipotesi che il valore del gap ottico dipende solo indirettamente dalla concentrazione totale di idrogeno.
    Notes: Summary We have found, from optical transmission and photoconductivity measurements, that the width of the Urbach's tail and the optical-band gap value depend on the amount of disorder present in the network ofa-Si: H films. The nature of the disorder, being it thermal or structural, affects in the same way the behaviour of the absorption coefficient and supports the hypothesis that the value of the optical-band gap depends only indirectly on the overall hydrogen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: X-ray photoelectron spectra ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Ion-molecule, ion-ion and charge-transfer reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A detailed XPS study of the lithium-intercalated NiPS3 specimens was performed at the 2p, 3p, 3s core levels of the nickel atoms and at the 2p core levels of the sulphur and phosphorous atoms for various lithium contents. Comparison of the Ni 2p, 3p and 3s XPS spectra corresponding to NiPS3 and Li x NiPS3 systems shows some evident trends. In particular, a shift of the Ni main line towards lower binding energies, a decrease in the intensity of the Ni 3p, 2p satellite structures and a change in the full width at half maximum of the Ni 3s band with lithium content are observed. All these findings suggest a change in the 3d electron configuration for high lithium concentrations. As regards the cluster (P2S6)4−, with the addition of lithium, a P 2p main line shift towards higher binding energies is noted, while the S 2p peak shifts towards lower binding energies. These results are discussed in comparison with previous physical measurements concerning the nickel reduction process and the related electronic modifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 14 (1992), S. 881-902 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators ; Organics semiconductors ; Semiempirical NDO calculations (CNDO, INDO, MINDO, PCILO methods, etc.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The dielectric and electronic properties of thianthren (C6H4(S)2H4C6) are determined by means of optical reflectivity, absorption measurements and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. The experimental results are interpreted on the basis of a Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap (CNDO) calculation used in three different parametrization schemes. Emphasis is laid on the discussion of the problems which generally affect the analysis of electron energy loss spectra, and a procedure to obtain the complex dielectric function from electron energy loss measurements performed in the reflection mode is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 787-793 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Electronic properties of specific thin films ; Conductivity of specific semiconductors and insulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The electrical-conductivity frequency dependence of reactive-evaporation-depositeda-Si:H films has been measured in the temperature range (100÷450)K. The influence of the substrate temperature, of the hydrogen ions energy and of post-deposition thermal treatments has also been investigated. The results show that, depending on the material quality, three different conduction mechanisms associated with gap states, band or band tail states and to hopping processes near the Fermi level are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 15 (1993), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: II-VI compounds and other chalcogenides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence spectra of MnPS3 single crystals have been investigated at various temperatures beginning from 300K down to 10K in the 1.5 eV to 3.0 eV range. Four structures are observed in all spectra. The strong similarity between these results and previous data concerning the MnPS3 room temperature fluorescence suggests an intra-Mn nature for the transitions responsible for the above features. All the subband gap structures exhibit a temperature shift which can be satisfactorily interpreted by means of the crystal field theory and the so-called «transition metal weakly interacting» model. The fine splitting in the originally degenerate {4 E g,4 A 1g} levels is enhanced as temperature decreases. These results confirm the Mn2+ 3ϕ excited-state energy distribution deduced from the transition metal weakly interacting model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 6 (1985), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si sono eseguite misure di conducibilità, fotoconducibilità e potere termoelettrico in funzione della temperatura su una serie di film di silicio amorfo idrogenato drogati con fosforo e boro. I risultati sono stati interpretati sulla base di un modello che prevede due distinti meccanismi di transporto: nella regione ad alta temperatura attraverso stati estesi di banda, in quella a bassa temperatura con conduzione di tipo «hopping» in una banda d'impurezze la cui densità degli stati aumenta al crescere del contenuto di drogante. Si è anche osservato uno spostamento del livello di Fermi fino a 0.4 eV, verso le soglie di mobilità e una forte dipendenza della fotoconducibilità al variare del tipo e della quantità di drogante.
    Abstract: Резюме(*) Провенеды измерения проводимости фотопропроводимости и термоэлектрической силы в зависимости от температуры для ряда a-Si: Н пленок ри n-типа, приготовленных с помощью метода испарения. Результаты объясняются с помощью модели, включающей два механизма проводимости: в области высоких температур через растянутые зонные состонния, а в области низких температур через зону примеси, для которой плотность состояний увеличивается с увеличением содержания легирующей примеси. Обнаружен сдвиг уровня Ферми до 0.4 эВ для обоих типов легирующих примесей. Кроме того, легирование фосфором быстро увеличивает фотопроводимость на два порядка, тогда как легирование бором уменьшает фотопроводимость.
    Notes: Summary Conductivity, photoconductivity and thermopower measurements have been made as functions of temperature on a series of p- and n-type a-Si: H films prepared by a reactive, evaporation method. The results have been fitted with a model including two conduction paths: in the high-temperature range through extended band states and in the low-temperature range as hopping in an impurity band, whose density of states increases with increasing dopant content. A shift of the Fermi level up to 0.4 eV towards the mobility edges for both types of dopants has been found. Moreover, phosphorus doping radiply increases the photoconductivity values by about two orders of magnitude, while boron incorporation causes considerable reduction.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 633-645 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Optical properties of bulk materials ; Refractive index ; reflectivity ; critical angle ; dispersive power ; Transition-metal compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Room temperature optical-reflectivity measurements on some transition metal thiophosphates were carried out in the near infrared and visible regions. The resulting spectra, interpreted on the basis of the «transition metal weakly interacting» model, agree well with earlier optical transmission measurements. Below the fundamental absorption edge, the observed features have been assigned to 3d–3d transitions occurring on the transition metal ion, while those observed at photon energies greater than the absorption threshold have been attributed to transitions from the valence bands to discrete 3d orbital levels or to the conduction bands. A more detailed information on the metal ion 3d levels energy distribution with respect to the valence band states belonging to the (P2S6)4- cluster and a more precise determination of the MPS3 absorption edge energy position have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 27 (1997), S. 209-240 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Learning Relations ; Multistrategy Learning ; Learning from Databases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a representation framework that offers a unifying platform for alternative systems, which learn concepts in First Order Logics. The main aspects of this framework are discussed. First of all, the separation between the hypothesis logical language (a version of the VL21 language) and the representation of data by means of a relational database is motivated. Then, the functional layer between data and hypotheses, which makes the data accessible by the logical level through a set of abstract properties is described. A novelty, in the hypothesis representation language, is the introduction of the construct of internal disjunction; such a construct, first used by the AQ and Induce systems, is here made operational via a set of algorithms, capable to learn it, for both the discrete and the continuous-valued attributes case. These algorithms are embedded in learning systems (SMART+, REGAL, SNAP, WHY, RTL) using different paradigms (symbolic, genetic or connectionist), thus realizing an effective integration among them; in fact, categorical and numerical attributes can be handled in a uniform way. In order to exemplify the effectiveness of the representation framework and of the multistrategy integration, the results obtained by the above systems in some application domains are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Purpose - As well known, in the finite element method, the calculation and the location of the elements of the matrix C of the coefficients requires a lot of calculation times and memory employment especially for 3D problems. Besides, once the matrix C is properly filled, the solution of the system of linear equations is computationally expensive. Design/methodology/approach - The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, to quickly calculate and store only the non-null terms of the matrix of the system, a geometrical analysis on three-dimensional domains has been carried out. The second part of the paper deals with the solution of the system of linear equations and proposes a procedure for increasing the solution speed: the traditional method of the conjugate gradient is hybridized with an adequate genetic algorithm (Genetic Conjugate Gradient). Findings - The proposed geometrical procedure allows us to calculate the non-null terms and their location within the matrix C by simple recursive formulas. The results concerning the genetic conjugate gradient show that the convergence to the solution of the linear system is obtained in a much smaller number iterations and the calculation time is also significantly decreased. Originality/value - The approach proposed to analyze the geometrical space has been turned out to be very useful in terms of memory saving and computational cost. The genetic conjugate gradient is an original hybrid method to solve large scale problems quicker than the traditional conjugate gradient. An application of the method has been shown for current fields generated by grounding electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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