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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytotoxins in Rhizoctonia solani: isolation and biological activity of m-hydroxy- and m-methoxyphenylacetic acids (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 28 (1980), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf60227a009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassinolide, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 53 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brassinolide (BR), a naturally-occurring-steroidal lactone from rape (Brassica napus L.) pollen, was compared with auxin for activity in a number of bioassay systems. Responses similar to IAA were elicited by BR in bioassays based upon bean hypocotyl hook opening, elongation of maize mesocotyl, pea epicotyl and azuki bean epicotyl sections, and fresh weight increase in Jerusalem artichoke (2,4-D used) and pea epicotyl sections. The azuki bean and dwarf pea epicotyl bioassays were much more responsive to BR than IAA (at 10 μM). Responses approximately two-fold greater in magnitude were elicited by IAA in the maize mesocotyl, bean hypocotyl hook and Jerusalem artichoke bioassays. Little or no response was elicited by BR (0.01 to μM) in the cress root or decapitated pea-lateral bud bioassays. A powerful synergism between BR and IAA was observed in the azuki bean, pea epicotyl and bean hypocotyl hook bioassays. Although, as previously reported, other steroidal substances are active in some of the bioassay systems tested, none compared with BR in magnitude and diversity of elicited responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02729.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of steroidal structure to ethylene production by etiolated mung bean segments (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 64 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several brassinosteroid (BR) analogues, cholesterol and aldosterone were evaluated for their effectiveness alone and in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in stimulating ethylene production by etiolated mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Rwilcz cv. Berken) hypocotyl segments. Changing the conformation of the two hydroxyl groups on C-22 and C-23 positions from α to β did not greatly reduce the efficiency of these compounds to stimulate ethylene production alone or in combination with IAA. There was little difference in activity observed when the conformation of the methyl group in the C-24 position was changed from α to β. However, when hydroxyls were deleted from the side chain in the C-22 and C-23 positions, the compound was rendered inactive alone or in combination with IAA. The compound was also inactivated by removing the 7-oxa function on the B-ring and by substituting an ethyl group for the methyl group in the C-24 position. Both aldosterone and cholesterol were ineffective in promoting ethylene production. This study shows that very stringent structural features are required for a steroid to have BR-like activity and to act synergistically with auxin in the promotion of ethylene synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb01206.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of brassinosteroid on auxin-induced ethylene production by etiolated mung bean segments (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 59 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brassinosteroid, an analogue of brassinolide, (BR) (2α, 3α, 22β, 23β-tetrahydroxy-24β-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5α-cholestan-6-one), was tested in conjunction with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), indole-3-carbinol (ICB) or tryptophan (TRP) for its effects on ethylene production by etiolated mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Rwilcz cv. Berken) hypocotyl segements. The enhancement of ethylene production due to BR was greatest in conjunction with 1 μM IBA, 2,4-D, IAA, or NAA (these increases were 2580, 2070, 890, and 300%, respectively). When increasing concentrations of IBA, 2,4-D, IAA, or NAA were used, there was a decrease in the percentage stimulation by BR. Both IPyA and IPA had different optimal concentrations than the other auxins tested. Their BR-enhanced maximum percentage stimulations (1430 and 1580%) were greatest with 5 μM IPya and 10 μM IPA, respectively. There was a marked reduction in the percentage stimulation by BR with either 100 μM IPyA or IPA. The inactive indoles (IAld, ICB, or TRP) did not synergize with BR at any of the concentrations tested. Four hours following treatment those segments in contact with 1 μM BR with or without the addition of 10 μM IAA began to show a stimulation in ethylene production above the control and this stimulation became greater over the following 20 h. It was necessary for BR to be in continual contact with the tissue to have a stimulatory effect on auxin-induced ethylene production. When segments excised from greater distances below the hypocotyl hook, were treated with either IAA alone or in combination with BR, there was a decrease in ethylene production with increasing distance. There was no effect of hypocotyl length on BR stimulation of auxin-induced ethylene production; however, there was a definite decrease in ethylene production when IAA was applied alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb06277.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of spectral quality on the growth response of intact bean plants to brassinosteroid, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone. II. Chlorophyll content and partitioning of assimilate (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 57 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The chlorophyll content and partitioning of assimilate of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Pinto′) plants were determined 6 days after treatment of the second internode (I2 with 5 μg of brassinosteroid (BR), a growth-promoting steroidal lactone. Plants were grown for 6 days under equal levels (90 μmol s-1 m-2) of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by cool white fluorescent (CWF) or incandescent (INC) lamps and equal levels of far-red (28 W m-2, 700–800 nm) radiation provided by the same INC or far-red (FR) fluorescent lamps. Brassinosteroid treatment had no appreciable effect on total biomass production but caused a decrease of 15–20% dry matter distribution in the upper portion of the shoot, a small (4%) but constant increase in dry matter in l2 and a large (11–16%) increase in dry matter in the lower portion of the shoot (especially I1). Treatment with BR increased assimilate accumulation in the primary leaves, especially under INC and FR lamps, and reduced dry matter in the trifoliate leaves. BR also caused a 16–21% reduction in total leaf area and even a greater reduction in area of the trifoliate leaves, but significantly increased specific leaf weight of the primary leaves and the first trifoliate leaf and the amount of dry matter in the lateral shoots under all radiation sources. In comparison to controls, BR treatment increased dry matter accumulation in the treated internode 3.3x under CWF and 1.6x under INC or FR. BR treatment also increased chlorophyll content in the primary leaves under all radiation sources and in the trifoliate leaves under CWF and INC lamps. These findings suggest a possible mobilization role of BR and establish the importance of adequate PPFD (and photosynthate) for maximum swelling and splitting response to brassinosteroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb02295.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of spectral quality on the growth response of intact bean plants to brassinosteroid, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone. I. Stem elongation and morphogenesis (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 57 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The growth response of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Pinto′) plants treated with 5 μg of brassinosteroid (BR) in the bean second-internode assay was measured in a controlled environment under 3 radiation sources: cool white fluorescent (CWF), far-red (FR) fluorescent and incandescent (INC) lamps. Growth comparisons were made under equal levels (90 μmol s-1 m-2) of photosynthetic photon flux density provided by CWF or INC lamps and equal levels of far-red (28 W m-2, 700–800 nm) radiation provided by the same INC or FR lamps. Treatment of the second internode with BR produced a sequential increase in elongation, curvature, and swelling under normal bioassay conditions (CWF lamps), as observed previously with brassins. In addition, BR induced marked splitting of the treated internode provided that ample photosynthate was available. Spectral quality had a differential effect on internodal elongation. Under CWF lamps, internodes, 6 days after BR-treatment, were 2–3 times longer than those of controls; under INC or FR lamps they were 30–60% shorter than those of controls. In all cases, BR-treatment greatly stimulated accumulation of photosynthate in the treated internode, as indicated by fresh and dry weights and stem diameter measurements. This suggests a possible mobilization role for BR in the intact plant. Brassinosteroid also partially overcame the natural inhibitory effects of CWF radiation on stem elongation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb02294.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The activity and interaction of brassinolide and gibberellic acid in mung bean epicotyls (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 54 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The growth rate of mung bean epicotyls was used for evaluating the effect of brassinolide on cell elongation. Growth above that of control plants was observed at 10−10M and above. Gibberellic acid showed an additivity relationship with low concentrations (10−9–10−8M) of brassinolide in this test system and the two growth promoters may therefore act independently at the cellular level. Because of relative ease of operation, great sensitivity and the short time required for assessing biological activity, this assay could be used in conjunction with the bean second internode bioassay for evaluating the activity of brassinolide and its analogs, as well as of other growth promotors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00253.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassinolide, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 53 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brassinolide (BR), a naturally-occurring steroidal lactone was compared with GA3 and kinetin for activity in a number of bioassays. BR was highly active in elongation bioassays employing the dwarf pea epicotyl and etiolated bean hypocotyl that are responsive to GA3 but not IAA (at 0.01 to 10 μM). The elongation of the cucumber hypocotyl elicited by BR and GA3 was reduced far more than that elicited by IAA, following removal of the cotyledons. BR, like GA3 also inhibited betacyanin accumulation in Amaranthus seedlings and prevented adventitious root initiation in hypocotyls of mung bean, dwarf bean and cucumber. Application of BR promoted rather than retarded senescence of Rumex leaves.While almost half as effective as kinetin in promoting expansion of cucumber cotyledons, BR was ineffective in cytokinin bioassays involving expansion of dwarf pea epicotyl hooks, dark synthesis of betacyanin in Amaranthus and retardation of Xanthium leaf disc senescence. Unlike the case with IAA, BR does not interact synergistically with GA3. BR has proven active in promoting stem elongation in plant bioassays responsive to either IAA or GA3, or to both phytohormones. This effect, coupled to its effect on adventitious root formation, qualifies BR as a unique plant growth substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02730.x
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  • 9
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    Identification and Quantification of Abscisic Acid in Zoysiagrass Seeds and Its Inhibitory Effect on Germination (1988)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Phytotoxins in Rhizoctonia solani: isolation and biological activity of m-hydroxy- and m-methoxyphenylacetic acids (1980)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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