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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-B response of cucumber seedlings grown under metal halide and high pressure sodium/deluxe lamps (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 88 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: UV-B-sensitive (Poinsett) and -insensitive (Ashley) cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were grown in growth chambers at 600 μmol m−2s−1 of photosynthetically active radiation provided by metal halide (MH) or high pressure sodium/deluxe (HPS/DX) lamps. Plants were irradiated 15 days from seeding for 6 h per day under 18. 2 kJ m−2 day−1 of biologically effective UV-B (UV-BBE) radiation. One of the most pronounced effects of UV-B was a 27 to 78% increase in phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity. UV-B also increased total polyamines. Catalase and superoxide dismutase varied greatly in their response to UV-B. There were no interactive effects on PAL or catalase activity, or total polyamines. There was a UV × PAR source interaction for superoxide dismutase activity. UV-B increased chlorosis and decreased height, dry weight and leaf area. Stem elongation, biomass production, leaf enlargement and chlorosis were greater under HPS/DX lamps than under MH lamps. Chlorosis was greater in Poinsett than in Ashley and in lower leaves than in upper ones. Aside from chlorosis, there were no interactive effects of UV-B, PAR source or cultivar on any of the growth parameters measured, suggesting that the growth response of cucumber seedlings to UV-B is unaffected by PAR source or cultivar. Similarly, except for SOD activity, the biochemical response to UV-B was also not influenced by PAR source or cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05509.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of UV-B radiation on developmental changes, ethylene, CO2 flux and polyamines in cv. Doyenne d'Hiver pear shoots grown in vitro (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 87 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In vitro shoots of cv. Doyenne ?Hiver pear (Pyrus communis L.) were irradiated under controlled environments for 6 h per day at 5 different levels of biologically effective UV-B radiation (UV-BBE). UV-B exposure caused a progressive increase in apical necrosis above background levels and stimulated leaf abscission. Shoots grown for 2 weeks at 7. 8 mol m−2 day −1 of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and treated with 8. 4 or 12. 0 kJ m−2 day −1 UV-BBE produced up to 4 times more ethylene than those given 2. 2 or 5. 1 kJ m−2 day−1 UV-BBE or untreated controls. Exposure of shoots to 12 kJ m−2 day −1 of UV-BBE caused an increase in free putreseine content after 4 to 14 days of irradiation. Shoots showed a decrease in CO2 uptake after 3 days of UV-B: thereafter, they appeared to recover their photosynthetic capacity. Under typical PPF conditions used in micropropagation (90 μmol m−2 S−1). 8. 4 kJ m−2 day −1 of UV-B radiation was injurious to realatively tender tissues of in vitro pear shoots: increasing the level of UV-BBE to 12 kJ m−2 day−1 produced even more adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb00132.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic variation in coleus in the ability to accumulate abscisic acid in response to water deficit (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 72 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Terry, P. H., Krizek, D. T. and Mirecki, R. M. 1988. Genotypic variation in coleus in the ability to accumulate abscisic acid in response to water deficit. - Physiol. Plant. 72: 441–449.Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and plant and soil water potentials were determined in leaves of three cultivars of Coleus blumei Benth. cvs. Marty, Buckley Supreme and PI354190, chosen for their differences in sensitivity to drought, SO2 and/or chilling stress. Plants were subjected to ‘gradual’ soil moisture stress (SMS) for 0–6 days, during which time the soil dried out slowly and to more ‘rapid’ SMS for 0–9 days where the soil dried out at a faster rate. Plants were propagated from clonal stock in the greenhouse and transferred to the growth chamber, where they were maintained for 1 week prior to beginning water stress treatment. ABA concentration was determined as the methyl ester using a gas chromatography - electron capture detector method. Samples for ABA determinations were taken from the third pair of leaves from the apex at the same time each day (1430 h). Measurements of stomatal conductance (C5) and leaf water potential (φl) were made on the fourth pair of leaves from the apex, using the same plants as those sampled for ABA. During the more rapid stress portion of the study soil matric potentials (φm) were monitored on a daily basis. Despite large cultivar differences in ABA concentration at 0–6 days, by 7–9 days these differences had largely disappeared. Except for drought-insensitive cv. Marty, there was generally little correlation between ABA levels and measurements of plant and soil water status at 7–9 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb09149.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effects of ambient levels of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on growth of cv. New Red Fire lettuce (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 103 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation at Beltsville, MD, USA, on growth of Lactuca sativa L. (cv. New Red Fire lettuce) was examined during early summer of 1996 and 1997. Plants were grown from seed in plastic window boxes covered with Llumar to exclude UV-A and UV-B, polyester to exclude UV-B, or tefzel (1996) or teflon (1997) to transmit UV-A and UV-B radiation. After 31–34 days, plants grown in the absence of solar UV-B radiation (polyester) had 63 and 57% greater fresh weight and dry weight of tops, respectively, and 57, 72 and 47% greater dry weight of leaves, stems and roots, respectively, as compared to those grown under ambient UV-B (tefzel or teflon). Plants protected from UV-A radiation as well (Llumar) showed an additional 43 and 35% increase, respectively, in fresh and dry weight of tops and a 33 and 33% increase, respectively, in dry weight of leaves and stems, but no difference in root biomass over those grown under polyester. Excluding ambient UV-B (polyester) significantly reduced the UV absorbance of leaf extracts at 270, 300 and 330 nm (presumptive flavonoids) and the concentration of anthocyanins at 550 nm as compared to those of leaf extracts from plants grown under ambient UV-A and UV-B. Additional removal of ambient UV-A (Llumar) reduced the concentration of anthocyanins, but had no further effect on UV absorbance at 270, 300 or 330 nm. These findings provide evidence that UV-B radiation is more important than UV-A radiation for flavonoid induction in this red-pigmented lettuce cultivar. Although previous workers have obtained decreases in lettuce yield under enhanced UV-B, this is the first evidence for inhibitory effects of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on lettuce growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030101.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth analysis of UV-B-irradiated cucumber seedlings as influenced by photosynthetic photon flux source and cultivar (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 90 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A growth analysis was made of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-sensitive (Poinsett) and insensitive (Ashley) cultivars of Cucuumis satives L. grown in growth chambers at 600 μmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) provided by red- and far-red-deficient metal halide (MH) or blue- and UV-A-deficient high pressure sodium/deluxe f HPS/DX) lamps. Plants were irradiated 6 h daiiy with 0.2 f-UV-B) or 18.2 C+UV-B) kJ m−2 day−1 of biologically effective UV-B for 8 or 15 days from time of seeding. In general, plants given supplemental UV-B for 15 days showed lower leaf area ratio (LARs, and higher specific leaf mass (SLM) mean relative growth rate (MRGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) than that of control plants, but they showed no difference in leaf mass ratio (LMR), Plants grown under HPS/DX lamps vs MH lamps showed higher SLM and NAR. lower LAR and LMR. hut no difference in MRGR. LMR was the only growth parameter affected by cultivar: at 15 days, it was slightly greater in Poinsett than in Ashley. There were no interactive effects of UV-B. PPF source or cultivar on any of the growth parameters determined, indicating that the choice of either HPS/DX or MH lamps should not affect growth response to UV-B radiation. This was true even though leaves of UV-B-irradiated plants grown under HPS/DX lamps have been shown to have greater chlorosis than those grown under MH lamps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb08819.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effects of ambient levels of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on growth of cucumber (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 100 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation at Beltsville, Maryland, on growth and flavonoid content in four cultivars of Cucumis sativus L. (Ashley, Poinsett, Marketmore, and Salad Bush cucumber) was examined during the summers of 1994 and 1995. Plants were grown from seed in UV exclusion chambers consisting of UV-transmitting Plexiglas, lined with Llumar to exclude UV-A and UV-B, polyester to exclude UV-B, or cellulose acetate to transmit UV-A and UV-B. Despite previously determined differences in sensitivity to supplemental UV-B radiation, all four cultivars responded similarly to UV-B exclusion treatment. After 19–21 days, the four cultivars grown in the absence of solar UV-B (polyester) had an average of 34, 55, and 40% greater biomass of leaves, stems, and roots, respectively, 27% greater stem height, and 35% greater leaf area than those grown under ambient UV-B (cellulose acetate). Plants protected from UV-A radiation as well (Llumar) showed an additional 14 and 22% average increase, respectively, in biomass of leaves and stems, and a 22 and 19% average increase, respectively, in stem elongation and leaf area over those grown under polyester. These findings demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of cucumber not only to present levels of UV-B but also to UV-A and suggest that even small changes in ozone depletion may have important biological consequences for certain plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb00014.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental conditions in controlled-environment studies (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 56 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental conditions in plant growth chambers are presented in tabular form. These guidelines are recommended by the North Central Region (NCR-101) Technical Committee on Growth Chamber Use, a committee formed under the Cooperative Research Program of the State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Recommendations on location and frequency of measurements as well as suggested format and units of measurement are listed for each environmental parameter. The adoption of these standardized guidelines should greatly improve the uniformity of research conducted in controlled environments and facilitate comparison of experimental results obtained in studies conducted in different laboratories on a world-wide basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00331.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of spectral quality on the internodal response of intact bean plants to brassins (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 51 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The response of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to single application of brassins (10 μg) in the second-internode assay was determined under equal levels (90 μE m−2 s−1) of photosynthetically active radiation in a controlled environment provided by cool-white fluorescent (CWF) lamps, incandescent (INC) lamps, or a combination of the two sources. Treatment of the second internode with brassins produced a characteristic swelling of the treated internode irrespective of the spectral source used. However, the increase in radial growth of the upper portion of brassin-treated internodes from plants grown under INC lamps was more than 50% greater than those of plants grown under CWF lamps for 7 days. Spectral quality also had a marked effect on the rate and extent of internode elongation. Brassin-treated internodes of plants grown for 7 days under CWF lamps were more than twice as long as those of control plants, whereas those from INC or CWF + INC grown plants were significantly shorter than those of control plants. The effect of brassins was largely confined to the treated internode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb04474.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation on Germination and Early Seedling Growth (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 34 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of UV-B radiation (280–320 nm) from filtered and unfiltered FS-40 fluorescent sunlamps on germination and early seedling growth was examined for a range of vegetables (tomato, radish, cucumber, lettuce, and bean) and field crops (wheat, cotton, soybean, and millet). Continuous exposure of seeds for 3 days to 26.9 × 10−2 W × m−2 UV-B radiation (280–320 nm) at 25°C, had a slight effect on fresh weight of seedlings but no appreciable influence on germination percentage, or dry weight of seedlings. Extending the time of exposure to 6 days, however, resulted in abnormal seedling growth in all species but wheat. Typical responses were short, stubby roots, bronzing of the cotyledons, increased pigmentation, and abnormal curvature of the shoots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03817.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of spectral quality on the growth response of intact bean plants to brassinosteroid, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone. II. Chlorophyll content and partitioning of assimilate (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 57 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The chlorophyll content and partitioning of assimilate of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Pinto′) plants were determined 6 days after treatment of the second internode (I2 with 5 μg of brassinosteroid (BR), a growth-promoting steroidal lactone. Plants were grown for 6 days under equal levels (90 μmol s-1 m-2) of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by cool white fluorescent (CWF) or incandescent (INC) lamps and equal levels of far-red (28 W m-2, 700–800 nm) radiation provided by the same INC or far-red (FR) fluorescent lamps. Brassinosteroid treatment had no appreciable effect on total biomass production but caused a decrease of 15–20% dry matter distribution in the upper portion of the shoot, a small (4%) but constant increase in dry matter in l2 and a large (11–16%) increase in dry matter in the lower portion of the shoot (especially I1). Treatment with BR increased assimilate accumulation in the primary leaves, especially under INC and FR lamps, and reduced dry matter in the trifoliate leaves. BR also caused a 16–21% reduction in total leaf area and even a greater reduction in area of the trifoliate leaves, but significantly increased specific leaf weight of the primary leaves and the first trifoliate leaf and the amount of dry matter in the lateral shoots under all radiation sources. In comparison to controls, BR treatment increased dry matter accumulation in the treated internode 3.3x under CWF and 1.6x under INC or FR. BR treatment also increased chlorophyll content in the primary leaves under all radiation sources and in the trifoliate leaves under CWF and INC lamps. These findings suggest a possible mobilization role of BR and establish the importance of adequate PPFD (and photosynthate) for maximum swelling and splitting response to brassinosteroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb02295.x
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