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  • 1
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    Studying the evolution of AGB stars in the Gaia epoch (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-03
    Description: We present asymptotic giant branch (AGB) models of solar metallicity, to allow the interpretation of observations of Galactic AGB stars, whose distances should be soon available after the first release of the Gaia catalogue. We find an abrupt change in the AGB physical and chemical properties, occurring at the threshold mass to ignite hot bottom burning, i.e. 3.5 M . Stars with mass below 3.5 M reach the C-star stage and eject into the interstellar medium gas enriched in carbon, nitrogen and 17 O. The higher mass counterparts evolve at large luminosities, between 3 x 10 4 and 10 5 L . The mass expelled from the massive AGB stars shows the imprinting of proton-capture nucleosynthesis, with considerable production of nitrogen and sodium and destruction of 12 C and 18 O. The comparison with the most recent results from other research groups is discussed, to evaluate the robustness of the present findings. Finally, we compare the models with recent observations of galactic AGB stars, outlining the possibility offered by Gaia to shed new light on the evolution properties of this class of objects.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Prefrontal neurons not expanded in human evolution [Neuroscience] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-24
    Description: Human evolution is widely thought to have involved a particular expansion of prefrontal cortex. This popular notion has recently been challenged, although controversies remain. Here we show that the prefrontal region of both human and nonhuman primates holds about 8% of cortical neurons, with no clear difference across humans and...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Densities, Viscosities, and Refractive Indexes of Good’s Buffer Ionic Liquids (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-04
    Description: Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00936
    Print ISSN: 0021-9568
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5134
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 4
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    Integrating multidisciplinary, multiscale geological and geophysical data to image the Castrovillari fault (Northern Calabria, Italy) (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-30
    Description: The Castrovillari scarps (Cfs) are located in northern Calabria (Italy) and consist of three main WSW-dipping fault scarps resulting from multiple rupture events. At the surface, these scarps are defined by multiple breaks in slope. Despite its near-surface complexity, the faults likely merge to form a single normal fault at about 200 m depth, which we refer to as the Castrovillari fault. We present the results of a multidisciplinary and multiscale study at a selected site of the Cfs with the aim to (i) characterize the geometry at the surface and at depth and (ii) obtain constraints on the fault slip history. We investigate the site by merging data from quantitative geomorphological analyses, electrical resistivity and ground penetrating radar surveys, and palaeoseismological trenching along a ~40 m high scarp. The closely spaced investigations allow us to reconstruct the shallow stratigraphy, define the fault locations, and measure the faulted stratigraphic offsets down to 20 m depth. Despite the varying resolutions, each of the adopted approaches suggests the presence of sub-parallel fault planes below the scarps at approximately the same location. The merged datasets permit the evaluation of the fault array (along strike for 220 m within a 370-m-wide zone). The main fault zone consists of two closely spaced NW–SE striking fault planes in the upper portion of the scarp slope and another fault at the scarp foot. The 3-D image of the fault surfaces shows west to southwest dipping planes with values between 70° and 80°; the two closely spaced planes join at about 200 m below the surface. The 8-to-12-m-high upper fault, which shows the higher vertical displacements, accommodated most of the deformation during the Holocene. Results from the trenching analysis indicate a minimum slip per event of 0.6 m and a maximum short-term slip rate of 0.6 mm yr –1 for the Cf. The shallow subsurface imaging techniques are particularly helpful in evaluating the possible field uncertainties related to postfaulting modification by erosional/depositional/human processes, such as within stream valleys and urbanized zones.
    Keywords: Geodynamics and Tectonics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 5
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    The high-temperature P21/m -〉 C2/m phase transitions in synthetic amphiboles along the richterite-(BMg)-richterite join (2011)
    Mineralogical Society of America
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-01
    Description: The thermal behavior of three amphiboles along the join "Mg-richterite" [MRIC: ANaB(NaMg) CMg5TSi8O22W(OH)2]-richterite [RIC: ANaB(NaCa)CMg5TSi8O22W(OH)2] was investigated by in situ synchrotron radiation powder diffraction between 90 and 873 K. The studied samples have B-site compositions Na1Mg1 (sample RN1), Na0.97Mg0.8Ca0.24 (sample RN2), and Na0.97 Mg0.58Ca0.45 (sample RN6). The evolution of cell parameters as a function of T shows a discontinuity in the two Mg-richer samples (RN1 and RN2), which is interpreted as evidence of a P21/m [-〉] C2/m phase transition, whereas the Ca-richer sample (RN6) shows no evidence of a phase transition. The transition in samples RN1 and RN2 follows a different thermodynamic behavior, being tricritical in end-member "Mg-richterite" (RN1) and second order in the BCa-bearing amphibole RN2. A thermodynamic analysis done according to the Landau formalism and allowing for order parameter saturation, gives Tc = 462(3) and 378(1) K, and saturation temperature {theta}s =116(21) and 141(7) for RN1 and RN2, respectively. Comparison with data from literature shows that the thermal strain of C-centered amphiboles with constant A-, C-, T-, and W-site occupancy equal to Na, Mg5, Si8, and (OH)2, respectively, and a B-site occupied by variable amounts of Li, Na, Mg, and/or Ca, mainly expands about 70{degrees} from c toward the a cell-edge onto the 010 plane. Conversely, the spontaneous strain accompanying the thermal transition shows that the maximum expansion is oriented about 25{degrees} from c and is coupled with a contraction close to the a cell direction. On the other side, transition induced by solid solution at room-T follows an almost opposite deformation pattern. The present data confirm the hypothesis of a first-order character of the transition induced by the increase of the B-site dimension for increasing BCa contents, similarly to the closely related P21/c [-〉] C2/c transition in pyroxenes.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 6
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    Epigenetic modifications, chromatin distribution and TP53 transcription in a model of breast cancer progression (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-31
    Description: In the present paper we aimed to characterize epigenetic aspects and analyze TP53 transcription in the 21 T series, composed of breast cell lines: non-cancerous H16N2; Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia 21PT; Ductal Carcinoma in situ 21NT and Invasive Metastatic Carcinoma 21MT1. We detected a global genomic hypomethylation in 21NT and 21MT1. The histone modification markers analysis showed an important global decrease of the active chromatin mark H4Ac in 21MT1 relative to the other cell lines while the repressive mark H3K9Me3 were not significantly altered. The mRNA levels of DNA methylation and histone modification key enzymes are consistent with the observed genomic hypomethylation and histone hypoacetylation. The expression of DNMT3A/B increased at the initial stages of oncogenesis and the expression of DNMT1 and HAT1 decreased at the advanced stages of breast cancer. Using a confocal immunofluorescent assay, we observed that H4Ac was mostly located at the periphery and the repressive mark H3K9Me3, at the center of 21NT and 21MT1 cells nuclei. TP53 P1 promoter was found to be in an open chromatin state, with a relatively high enrichment of H4Ac and similar TP53 transcription levels in all 21 T cell lines. In conclusion, we observed epigenetic alterations (global genome hypomethylation, global hypoacetylation and accumulation of pericentric heterochromatin) in metastatic breast cancer cells of the 21 T series. These alterations may act at later stages of breast cancer progression and may not affect TP53 transcription at the P1 promoter. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Timing the impact of literacy on visual processing [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: Learning to read requires the acquisition of an efficient visual procedure for quickly recognizing fine print. Thus, reading practice could induce a perceptual learning effect in early vision. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in literate and illiterate adults, we previously demonstrated an impact of reading acquisition on both high-...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    A burst of segmental duplications in the genome of the African great ape ancestor (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: It is generally accepted that the extent of phenotypic change between human and great apes is dissonant with the rate of molecular change. Between these two groups, proteins are virtually identical, cytogenetically there are few rearrangements that distinguish ape-human chromosomes, and rates of single-base-pair change and retrotransposon activity have slowed particularly within hominid lineages when compared to rodents or monkeys. Studies of gene family evolution indicate that gene loss and gain are enriched within the primate lineage. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of duplication content of four primate genomes (macaque, orang-utan, chimpanzee and human) in an effort to understand the pattern and rates of genomic duplication during hominid evolution. We find that the ancestral branch leading to human and African great apes shows the most significant increase in duplication activity both in terms of base pairs and in terms of events. This duplication acceleration within the ancestral species is significant when compared to lineage-specific rate estimates even after accounting for copy-number polymorphism and homoplasy. We discover striking examples of recurrent and independent gene-containing duplications within the gorilla and chimpanzee that are absent in the human lineage. Our results suggest that the evolutionary properties of copy-number mutation differ significantly from other forms of genetic mutation and, in contrast to the hominid slowdown of single-base-pair mutations, there has been a genomic burst of duplication activity at this period during human evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2751663/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2751663/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Kidd, Jeffrey M -- Ventura, Mario -- Graves, Tina A -- Cheng, Ze -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Jiang, Zhaoshi -- Baker, Carl -- Malfavon-Borja, Ray -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Alkan, Can -- Aksay, Gozde -- Girirajan, Santhosh -- Siswara, Priscillia -- Chen, Lin -- Cardone, Maria Francesca -- Navarro, Arcadi -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- Eichler, Evan E -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P51-RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002385-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):877-81. doi: 10.1038/nature07744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Catarrhini/classification/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Duplication ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Evolutionary formation of new centromeres in macaque (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: A systematic fluorescence in situ hybridization comparison of macaque and human synteny organization disclosed five additional macaque evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) for a total of nine ENCs. To understand the dynamics of ENC formation and progression, we compared the ENC of macaque chromosome 4 with the human orthologous region, at 6q24.3, that conserves the ancestral genomic organization. A 250-kilobase segment was extensively duplicated around the macaque centromere. These duplications were strictly intrachromosomal. Our results suggest that novel centromeres may trigger only local duplication activity and that the absence of genes in the seeding region may have been important in ENC maintenance and progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ventura, Mario -- Antonacci, Francesca -- Cardone, Maria Francesca -- Stanyon, Roscoe -- D'Addabbo, Pietro -- Cellamare, Angelo -- Sprague, L James -- Eichler, Evan E -- Archidiacono, Nicoletta -- Rocchi, Mariano -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Centromere ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Dna ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Two African apes are the closest living relatives of humans: the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Although they are similar in many respects, bonobos and chimpanzees differ strikingly in key social and sexual behaviours, and for some of these traits they show more similarity with humans than with each other. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the bonobo genome to study its evolutionary relationship with the chimpanzee and human genomes. We find that more than three per cent of the human genome is more closely related to either the bonobo or the chimpanzee genome than these are to each other. These regions allow various aspects of the ancestry of the two ape species to be reconstructed. In addition, many of the regions that overlap genes may eventually help us understand the genetic basis of phenotypes that humans share with one of the two apes to the exclusion of the other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498939/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498939/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prufer, Kay -- Munch, Kasper -- Hellmann, Ines -- Akagi, Keiko -- Miller, Jason R -- Walenz, Brian -- Koren, Sergey -- Sutton, Granger -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Winer, Roger -- Knight, James R -- Mullikin, James C -- Meader, Stephen J -- Ponting, Chris P -- Lunter, Gerton -- Higashino, Saneyuki -- Hobolth, Asger -- Dutheil, Julien -- Karakoc, Emre -- Alkan, Can -- Sajjadian, Saba -- Catacchio, Claudia Rita -- Ventura, Mario -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Eichler, Evan E -- Andre, Claudine -- Atencia, Rebeca -- Mugisha, Lawrence -- Junhold, Jorg -- Patterson, Nick -- Siebauer, Michael -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Fischer, Anne -- Ptak, Susan E -- Lachmann, Michael -- Symer, David E -- Mailund, Thomas -- Schierup, Mikkel H -- Andres, Aida M -- Kelso, Janet -- Paabo, Svante -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 2R01GM077117-04A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM077117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 28;486(7404):527-31. doi: 10.1038/nature11128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. pruefer@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan paniscus/*genetics ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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