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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Carrier-type control of spin-glass (cluster spin-glass) is studied in order to engineer basic magnetic semiconductor elements using the memory functions of spin-glass. A key of carrier-polarity control in magnetite is the valence engineering between Fe(II) and Fe(III) that is achieved by Ti(IV) substitution. Single phases of (001)-oriented Fe 3− x Ti x O 4 thin films have been obtained on spinel MgAl 2 O 4 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Thermoelectric power measurements reveal that Ti-rich films ( x  = 0.8) show p -type conduction, while Ti-poor films ( x  = 0.6–0.75) show n -type conduction. The systematic Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) followed by Ti(IV) substitution in the octahedral sublattice is confirmed by the X-ray absorption spectra. All of the Fe 3− x Ti x O 4 films ( x  = 0.6–0.8) exhibit ferrimagnetism above room temperature. Next, the spin-glass behaviors of Ti-rich Fe 2.2 Ti 0.8 O 4 film are studied, since this magnetically diluted system is expected to exhibit the spin-glass behaviors. The DC magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements for the Ti-rich Fe 2.2 Ti 0.8 O 4 film reveal the presence of the spin glass phase. Thermal- and magnetic-field-history memory effects are observed and are attributed to the long time-decay nature of remanent magnetization. The detailed analysis of the time-dependent thermoremanent magnetization reveals the presence of the cluster spin glass state.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: Motivation: Deep sequencing of the transcripts of regulatory non-coding RNA generates footprints of post-transcriptional processes. After obtaining sequence reads, the short reads are mapped to a reference genome, and specific mapping patterns can be detected called read mapping profiles, which are distinct from random non-functional degradation patterns. These patterns reflect the maturation processes that lead to the production of shorter RNA sequences. Recent next-generation sequencing studies have revealed not only the typical maturation process of miRNAs but also the various processing mechanisms of small RNAs derived from tRNAs and snoRNAs. Results: We developed an algorithm termed SHARAKU to align two read mapping profiles of next-generation sequencing outputs for non-coding RNAs. In contrast with previous work, SHARAKU incorporates the primary and secondary sequence structures into an alignment of read mapping profiles to allow for the detection of common processing patterns. Using a benchmark simulated dataset, SHARAKU exhibited superior performance to previous methods for correctly clustering the read mapping profiles with respect to 5'-end processing and 3'-end processing from degradation patterns and in detecting similar processing patterns in deriving the shorter RNAs. Further, using experimental data of small RNA sequencing for the common marmoset brain, SHARAKU succeeded in identifying the significant clusters of read mapping profiles for similar processing patterns of small derived RNA families expressed in the brain. Availability and Implementation: The source code of our program SHARAKU is available at http://www.dna.bio.keio.ac.jp/sharaku/ , and the simulated dataset used in this work is available at the same link. Accession code: The sequence data from the whole RNA transcripts in the hippocampus of the left brain used in this work is available from the DNA DataBank of Japan (DDBJ) Sequence Read Archive (DRA) under the accession number DRA004502. Contact: yasu@bio.keio.ac.jp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
    Description: This report provides direct evidence that strigolactone (SL) positively regulates drought and high salinity responses in Arabidopsis. Both SL-deficient and SL-response [more axillary growth (max)] mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to drought and salt stress, which was associated with shoot- rather than root-related traits. Exogenous SL treatment rescued the drought-sensitive phenotype of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: The RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 cleaves its target DNA and is a powerful genome-editing tool. However, the widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 enzyme (SpCas9) requires an NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) for target recognition, thereby restricting the targetable genomic loci. Here, we report a rationally engineered SpCas9 variant (SpCas9-NG) that can recognize relaxed NG PAMs. The crystal structure revealed that the loss of the base-specific interaction with the third nucleobase is compensated by newly introduced non–base-specific interactions, thereby enabling the NG PAM recognition. We showed that SpCas9-NG induces indels at endogenous target sites bearing NG PAMs in human cells. Furthermore, we found that the fusion of SpCas9-NG and the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediates the C-to-T conversion at target sites with NG PAMs in human cells.
    Keywords: Engineering, Molecular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-03-16
    Description: In this study, we used a loss-of-function approach to elucidate the functions of three Arabidopsis type B response regulators (ARRs)—namely ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12—in regulating the Arabidopsis plant responses to drought. The arr1,10,12 triple mutant showed a significant increase in drought tolerance versus WT plants, as indicated by its higher...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-03-20
    Description: Cytokinin is an essential phytohormone controlling various biological processes, including environmental stress responses. In Arabidopsis, although the cytokinin (CK)-related phosphorelay—consisting of three histidine kinases, five histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs), and a number of response regulators—has been known to be important for stress responses, the AHPs required for CK signaling during...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-06-18
    Description: Total skin electron beam is a specialized technique that involves irradiating the entire skin from the skin surface to only a few millimetres in depth. In the Stanford technique, the patient is in a standing position and six different directional positions are used during treatment. Our technique uses large electron beams in six directions with an inclinable couch on motorized table and a compensating filter was also used to spread the electron beam and move its intensity peak. Dose uniformity measurements were performed using Gafchromic films which indicated that the surface dose was 2.04 ± 0.05 Gy. This technique can ensure the dose reproducibility because the patient is fixed in place using an inclinable couch on a motorized table.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) are essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We isolated 155,144 RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNA clones. The 3'-end expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of 155,144 RAFL cDNAs were clustered into 14,668 nonredundant cDNA groups, about 60% of predicted genes. We also obtained 5' ESTs from 14,034 nonredundant cDNA groups and constructed a promoter database. The sequence database of the RAFL cDNAs is useful for promoter analysis and correct annotation of predicted transcription units and gene products. Furthermore, the full-length cDNAs are useful resources for analyses of the expression profiles, functions, and structures of plant proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seki, Motoaki -- Narusaka, Mari -- Kamiya, Asako -- Ishida, Junko -- Satou, Masakazu -- Sakurai, Tetsuya -- Nakajima, Maiko -- Enju, Akiko -- Akiyama, Kenji -- Oono, Youko -- Muramatsu, Masami -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- Kawai, Jun -- Carninci, Piero -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Ishii, Yoshiyuki -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Shibata, Kazuhiro -- Shinagawa, Akira -- Shinozaki, Kazuo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):141-5. Epub 2002 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Mutation Exploration Team, Plant Functional Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center (GSC), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; *DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: Reduced crop productivity due to soils containing toxic levels of boron (B) is a worldwide problem in food production. It is estimated that up to 17% of the barley yield losses in southern Australia are caused by B toxicity. We found that the expression of AtBOR4, an Arabidopsis paralog of BOR1, the first identified boron transporter gene, generates plants that are tolerant of high B levels. BOR4 is a polarly localized borate exporter that enhances B efflux from roots. The present study is a foundation for the improvement of crop productivity in soils containing excess B, which are distributed in arid areas of the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miwa, Kyoko -- Takano, Junpei -- Omori, Hiroyuki -- Seki, Motoaki -- Shinozaki, Kazuo -- Fujiwara, Toru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1417.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiporters/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Boric Acids/*metabolism/toxicity ; Boron/analysis/*toxicity ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Functional analysis of a genome requires accurate gene structure information and a complete gene inventory. A dual experimental strategy was used to verify and correct the initial genome sequence annotation of the reference plant Arabidopsis. Sequencing full-length cDNAs and hybridizations using RNA populations from various tissues to a set of high-density oligonucleotide arrays spanning the entire genome allowed the accurate annotation of thousands of gene structures. We identified 5817 novel transcription units, including a substantial amount of antisense gene transcription, and 40 genes within the genetically defined centromeres. This approach resulted in completion of approximately 30% of the Arabidopsis ORFeome as a resource for global functional experimentation of the plant proteome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamada, Kayoko -- Lim, Jun -- Dale, Joseph M -- Chen, Huaming -- Shinn, Paul -- Palm, Curtis J -- Southwick, Audrey M -- Wu, Hank C -- Kim, Christopher -- Nguyen, Michelle -- Pham, Paul -- Cheuk, Rosa -- Karlin-Newmann, George -- Liu, Shirley X -- Lam, Bao -- Sakano, Hitomi -- Wu, Troy -- Yu, Guixia -- Miranda, Molly -- Quach, Hong L -- Tripp, Matthew -- Chang, Charlie H -- Lee, Jeong M -- Toriumi, Mitsue -- Chan, Marie M H -- Tang, Carolyn C -- Onodera, Courtney S -- Deng, Justine M -- Akiyama, Kenji -- Ansari, Yasser -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Banh, Jenny -- Banno, Fumika -- Bowser, Leah -- Brooks, Shelise -- Carninci, Piero -- Chao, Qimin -- Choy, Nathan -- Enju, Akiko -- Goldsmith, Andrew D -- Gurjal, Mani -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- Johnson-Hopson, Chanda -- Hsuan, Vickie W -- Iida, Kei -- Karnes, Meagan -- Khan, Shehnaz -- Koesema, Eric -- Ishida, Junko -- Jiang, Paul X -- Jones, Ted -- Kawai, Jun -- Kamiya, Asako -- Meyers, Cristina -- Nakajima, Maiko -- Narusaka, Mari -- Seki, Motoaki -- Sakurai, Tetsuya -- Satou, Masakazu -- Tamse, Racquel -- Vaysberg, Maria -- Wallender, Erika K -- Wong, Cecilia -- Yamamura, Yuki -- Yuan, Shiaulou -- Shinozaki, Kazuo -- Davis, Ronald W -- Theologis, Athanasios -- Ecker, Joseph R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Open Reading Frames ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA, Plant/*genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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