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  • 1
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    Evolution of hospital-associated MRSA [Microbiology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-06
    Description: Hospital-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a global health burden dominated by a small number of bacterial clones. The pandemic EMRSA-16 clone (ST36-II) has been widespread in UK hospitals for 20 y, but its evolutionary origin and the molecular basis for its hospital association are unclear. We carried out a Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction on the basis of the genome sequences of 87 S. aureus isolates including 60 EMRSA-16 and 27 additional clonal complex 30 (CC30) isolates, collected from patients in three continents over a 53-y period. The three major pandemic clones to originate from the CC30 lineage, including phage type 80/81, Southwest Pacific, and EMRSA-16, shared a most recent common ancestor that existed over 100 y ago, whereas the hospital-associated EMRSA-16 clone is estimated to have emerged about 35 y ago. Our CC30 genome-wide analysis revealed striking molecular correlates of hospital- or community-associated pandemics represented by mobile genetic elements and nonsynonymous mutations affecting antibiotic resistance and virulence. Importantly, phylogeographic analysis indicates that EMRSA-16 spread within the United Kingdom by transmission from hospitals in large population centers in London and Glasgow to regional health-care settings, implicating patient referrals as an important cause of nationwide transmission. Taken together, the high-resolution phylogenomic approach used resulted in a unique understanding of the emergence and transmission of a major MRSA clone and provided molecular correlates of its hospital adaptation. Similar approaches for hospital-associated clones of other bacterial pathogens may inform appropriate measures for controlling their intra- and interhospital spread.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Promoter-selective properties of the TBP-related factor TRF1 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: The TATA-binding protein (TBP)-related factor 1 (TRF1) is expressed in a tissue-restricted fashion during Drosophila embryogenesis and may serve as a promoter-specific recognition factor that can replace TBP in regulating transcription. However, bona fide target promoters that would preferentially respond to TRF1 have remained elusive. Polytene chromosome staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, direct messenger RNA analysis, and transient cotransfection assays identified the Drosophila gene tudor as containing a TRF1-responsive promoter. Reconstituted in vitro transcription reactions and deoxyribonuclease I footprinting assays confirmed the ability of TRF1 to bind preferentially and direct transcription of the tudor gene from an alternate promoter. Thus, metazoans appear to have evolved gene-selective and tissue-specific components of the core transcription machinery to regulate gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmes, M C -- Tjian, R -- CA25417/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):867-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA Footprinting ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/*genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Reporter ; Insect Proteins/*genetics ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; TATA Box Binding Protein-Like Proteins ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Transcription Factor TFIIA ; Transcription Factor TFIIB ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Targeted genome editing in human repopulating haematopoietic stem cells (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-30
    Description: Targeted genome editing by artificial nucleases has brought the goal of site-specific transgene integration and gene correction within the reach of gene therapy. However, its application to long-term repopulating haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has remained elusive. Here we show that poor permissiveness to gene transfer and limited proficiency of the homology-directed DNA repair pathway constrain gene targeting in human HSCs. By tailoring delivery platforms and culture conditions we overcame these barriers and provide stringent evidence of targeted integration in human HSCs by long-term multilineage repopulation of transplanted mice. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of our strategy by targeting a corrective complementary DNA into the IL2RG gene of HSCs from healthy donors and a subject with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1). Gene-edited HSCs sustained normal haematopoiesis and gave rise to functional lymphoid cells that possess a selective growth advantage over those carrying disruptive IL2RG mutations. These results open up new avenues for treating SCID-X1 and other diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082311/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082311/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genovese, Pietro -- Schiroli, Giulia -- Escobar, Giulia -- Di Tomaso, Tiziano -- Firrito, Claudia -- Calabria, Andrea -- Moi, Davide -- Mazzieri, Roberta -- Bonini, Chiara -- Holmes, Michael C -- Gregory, Philip D -- van der Burg, Mirjam -- Gentner, Bernhard -- Montini, Eugenio -- Lombardo, Angelo -- Naldini, Luigi -- 249845/European Research Council/International -- TGT11D02/Telethon/Italy -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 12;510(7504):235-40. doi: 10.1038/nature13420. Epub 2014 May 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; 1] TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy [2] Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; 1] TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy [2] The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia. ; Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California 94804, USA. ; Department of Immunology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ; 1] TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy [2] Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy [3].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24870228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Endonucleases/metabolism ; Fetal Blood/cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation/genetics ; Targeted Gene Repair/*methods ; X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases/*genetics/therapy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Targeted gene correction of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a unique opportunity for regenerative medicine because they offer the prospect of generating unlimited quantities of cells for autologous transplantation, with potential application in treatments for a broad range of disorders. However, the use of human iPSCs in the context of genetically inherited human disease will require the correction of disease-causing mutations in a manner that is fully compatible with clinical applications. The methods currently available, such as homologous recombination, lack the necessary efficiency and also leave residual sequences in the targeted genome. Therefore, the development of new approaches to edit the mammalian genome is a prerequisite to delivering the clinical promise of human iPSCs. Here we show that a combination of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and piggyBac technology in human iPSCs can achieve biallelic correction of a point mutation (Glu342Lys) in the alpha(1)-antitrypsin (A1AT, also known as SERPINA1) gene that is responsible for alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. Genetic correction of human iPSCs restored the structure and function of A1AT in subsequently derived liver cells in vitro and in vivo. This approach is significantly more efficient than any other gene-targeting technology that is currently available and crucially prevents contamination of the host genome with residual non-human sequences. Our results provide the first proof of principle, to our knowledge, for the potential of combining human iPSCs with genetic correction to generate clinically relevant cells for autologous cell-based therapies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198846/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198846/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yusa, Kosuke -- Rashid, S Tamir -- Strick-Marchand, Helene -- Varela, Ignacio -- Liu, Pei-Qi -- Paschon, David E -- Miranda, Elena -- Ordonez, Adriana -- Hannan, Nicholas R F -- Rouhani, Foad J -- Darche, Sylvie -- Alexander, Graeme -- Marciniak, Stefan J -- Fusaki, Noemi -- Hasegawa, Mamoru -- Holmes, Michael C -- Di Santo, James P -- Lomas, David A -- Bradley, Allan -- Vallier, Ludovic -- 077187/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0601840/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0701448/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0901786/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1000847/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT077187/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7369):391-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism/transplantation ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Liver/cytology ; Mice ; Serum Albumin/genetics/metabolism ; *Targeted Gene Repair ; Time Factors ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/*genetics/metabolism ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    In vivo genome editing restores haemostasis in a mouse model of haemophilia (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: Editing of the human genome to correct disease-causing mutations is a promising approach for the treatment of genetic disorders. Genome editing improves on simple gene-replacement strategies by effecting in situ correction of a mutant gene, thus restoring normal gene function under the control of endogenous regulatory elements and reducing risks associated with random insertion into the genome. Gene-specific targeting has historically been limited to mouse embryonic stem cells. The development of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) has permitted efficient genome editing in transformed and primary cells that were previously thought to be intractable to such genetic manipulation. In vitro, ZFNs have been shown to promote efficient genome editing via homology-directed repair by inducing a site-specific double-strand break (DSB) at a target locus, but it is unclear whether ZFNs can induce DSBs and stimulate genome editing at a clinically meaningful level in vivo. Here we show that ZFNs are able to induce DSBs efficiently when delivered directly to mouse liver and that, when co-delivered with an appropriately designed gene-targeting vector, they can stimulate gene replacement through both homology-directed and homology-independent targeted gene insertion at the ZFN-specified locus. The level of gene targeting achieved was sufficient to correct the prolonged clotting times in a mouse model of haemophilia B, and remained persistent after induced liver regeneration. Thus, ZFN-driven gene correction can be achieved in vivo, raising the possibility of genome editing as a viable strategy for the treatment of genetic disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152293/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152293/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Hojun -- Haurigot, Virginia -- Doyon, Yannick -- Li, Tianjian -- Wong, Sunnie Y -- Bhagwat, Anand S -- Malani, Nirav -- Anguela, Xavier M -- Sharma, Rajiv -- Ivanciu, Lacramiora -- Murphy, Samuel L -- Finn, Jonathan D -- Khazi, Fayaz R -- Zhou, Shangzhen -- Paschon, David E -- Rebar, Edward J -- Bushman, Frederic D -- Gregory, Philip D -- Holmes, Michael C -- High, Katherine A -- P01 HL064190/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL064190-11A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007150/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007150-35/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 26;475(7355):217-21. doi: 10.1038/nature10177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology, CTRB 5000, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21706032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Endonucleases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Exons/genetics ; Factor IX/analysis/genetics ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Hemophilia B/*genetics/physiopathology ; *Hemostasis ; Humans ; Introns/genetics ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation/genetics ; Phenotype ; Sequence Homology ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Chronic alcohol and striatal neuroadaptations [Neuroscience] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: Drug addictions including alcoholism are characterized by degradation of executive control over behavior and increased compulsive drug seeking. These profound behavioral changes are hypothesized to involve a shift in the regulation of behavior from prefrontal cortex to dorsal striatum (DLS). Studies in rodents have shown that ethanol disrupts cognitive processes...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lamellar Phases in Contact with the Lower Consolute Loop of Ionic Surfactant-Water Systems (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 4202-4204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00011a006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Lecture Demonstrations in Physics (1928)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 122 (1928), S. 205-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (1) Two conducting wires or rods about five feet in length are stretched in a wedge shape, the gap being one-half inch at the bottom and three-quarters of an inch at the top. The upper three feet of the wires are covered with a glass tube. It is well known that if an induction coil is connected ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/122205b0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic aggregates of amphiphilic molecules in lyotropic nematic phases (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 87 (1983), S. 3991-3999 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100243a039
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smectic-nematic transition in a lyotropic liquid crystal (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 88 (1984), S. 810-818 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150648a039
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