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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition profiles at initial stage of altered layer formation on Cu-Pt alloy surfaces under Ar+ ion bombardment (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3439-3444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamic process of subsurface altered layer formation in a Cu-Pt alloy under Ar+ ion bombardment has been studied by sequential Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) measurements. For this study, we recently developed a compact coevaporator, which enables Cu and Pt to be deposited at a constant composition ratio (within ±3 at. %) onto a Si substrate cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature. The average surface composition of the alloy film was monitored by AES throughout the deposition procedure, and the composition of the topmost atomic layer was measured by ISS right after the end of the film deposition. The data show that the topmost atomic layer was considerably Cu-rich while subsurface atomic layers were of constant composition. During Ar+ ion bombardment, however, the surface composition of Cu, measured by sequential AES and ISS, gradually decreased with time toward a steady-state value. The temporal evolution of the composition profile is described. The surface-segregation constant and radiation-enhanced diffusion coefficient for the Cu-Pt alloy under Ar+ ion bombardment are inferred from the measured composition profile. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358636
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of nonlinear absorption mechanisms using a single pulse width laser (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2004-2006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple optical setup that uses a single pulse width laser is proposed to identify different kinds of nonlinear optical absorption mechanisms. It can easily distinguish reverse saturable absorption from two photon absorption, and direct three photon absorption from two photon absorption followed by one photon absorption from the excited level. Both theoretical and experimental results are reported. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the formation of space-charge field in photorefractive polymers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5562-5569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We derive a kinetic differential equation for the formation of space-charge field (SCF) in photorefractive polymers and give its general solution, which is based on Schildkraut's work. It is found that SCF consists of two exponential decay waves and there are two decay factors corresponding to two response time constants of SCF. Changing the parameters in the solution, we can understand the formation of SCF for different cases. In this article, we discuss a case of no traps and find that both static and transient actions of SCF are determined by the grating wave vector k and total incident intensity Ii. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322379
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Nb addition on icosahedral quasicrystalline phase formation and glass-forming ability of Zr–Ni–Cu–Al metallic glasses (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1024-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work shows that the crystallization process of Zr–Ni–Cu–Al metallic glass is greatly influenced by adding Nb as an alloying element. Based on the results of the differential scanning calorimetry experiments for metallic glasses Zr69−xNbxNi10Cu12Al9 (x=0–15 at. %), the crystallization process takes place through two individual stages. For Zr69Ni10Cu12Al9 (x=0), metastable hexagonal ω-Zr and a small fraction of tetragonal Zr2Cu are precipitated upon completion of the first exothermic reaction. Contrary to this alloy, the precipitation of a nanoquasicrystalline phase is detected when 5–10 at. % Nb is added. Furthermore, the crystallization temperature Tx, supercooled liquid region ΔTx and reduced temperature Tg/TL (Tg is the glass transition temperature, TL the liquidus temperature) increase with increasing Nb content. These results indicate that adding Nb content to Zr–Ni–Cu–Al metallic glasses not only induces quasicrystalline phase formation, but also enhances glass-forming ability. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1391396
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocrystalline composites with high strength obtained in Zr–Ti–Ni–Cu–Al bulk amorphous alloys (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 340-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline composites with the grain size less than 10 nm were produced by annealing of Cu-mold cast Zr70−x−yTixNi10Cu20Aly (X=5–7.5 and Y=10–15 at %) bulk amorphous alloys. The nanostructured alloys show increased tensile strength at the volume fraction of nanoparticles less than 30%. The microstructure of the amorphous alloys was found to contain medium range order (MRO) domains, which uniformly distributed in the amorphous matrix. We suggest that MRO domains provide nucleation sites for precipitation of the primary crystals and lead to the formation of nanocrystalline composites. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124254
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excited-state absorption and optical-limiting properties of organometallic fullerene–C60 derivatives (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 332-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Singlet excited-state absorption properties and optical limiting behaviors of organochromium and organomolybdenum C60 derivatives (C89H24CrO3P2 and C89H24MoO3P2) were studied by using a double frequency ns/ps Nd:YAG pulse laser system at wavelength of 532 nm and pulse width 21 ps. The experimental results demonstrated that the optical limiting behavior of organochromium C60 derivative is better than both organomolybdenum C60 derivative and fullerene–C60 itself. The experimental results agree well with the singlet excited-state absorption theory. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123062
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precipitation of icosahedral quasicrystalline phase in Hf65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Pd5 metallic glass (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 528-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An icosahedral quasicrystalline phase was found in a Hf65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Pd5 metallic glass annealed in the supercooled liquid region. Upon annealing at high temperature, the quasicrystalline phase was found to decompose to regular crystalline phases, indicating that it is a metastable phase. The present alloy was compared with the previously reported Zr- and Ti-based alloys with the formation of icosahedral quasicrystalline phases. Hf, Zr, and Ti belong to the same 4A column in the element periodical table. Based on the above comparison, conditions in terms of atomic radius and alloy composition which favor the formation of icosahedral quasicrystalline phase in 4A element based alloys, were suggested. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.127033
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nano-icosahedral quasicrystalline phase formation from a supercooled liquid state in Zr–Fe–Ni ternary metallic glass (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3037-3039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It was found that an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase was formed as a primary precipitation phase from the supercooled liquid region of the melt-spun Zr70Fe20Ni10 ternary metallic glass. The precipitation of an icosahedral phase takes place at 673 K at the heating rate of 0.67 K s−1. The precipitated icosahedral particle has a nearly spherical morphology and a fine grain size in the diameter range of 5–10 nm. The second crystallization reaction proceeds through a broad exothermic peak and results in the formation of Zr2Ni and Zr2Fe phases. The formation of nanoscale icosahedral phase by the addition of Fe as well as noble metals such as Pd, Au, and Pt indicates the possibility of existence of an icosahedral short-range order in the various Zr-based metallic glasses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126571
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the triplet state nonlinearity of C60 in toluene using a Z-scan technique with a nanosecond laser (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2073-2075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Triplet state nonlinearity of C60 in toluene is studied using the Z-scan technique with 8 ns, 532 nm pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Compared with the Z-scan results of C60 in toluene and iodine in toluene with proper concentration, the solvent instantaneous nonlinearity and the thermal nonlinearity resulting from the C60 intersystem crossing and excited state absorption are estimated. The real part of the C60 triplet state molecular polarizability is obtained. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119345
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear excited state absorption in cadmium texaphyrin solution (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3083-3085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nonlinear absorption at 532 nm in a cadmium texaphyrin solution has been studied using 8 ns and 23 ps laser pulses. The experiments show that reverse saturable absorption occurs in the nanosecond case. For picosecond pulses, reverse saturable absorption occurs only at low fluences, and the transmission increases with increasing incident fluence at high fluences. A six-level model is presented to explain these nonlinear absorption effects. Several photophysical parameters for cadmium texaphyrin, such as absorption cross sections at 532 nm and lifetimes, have been evaluated by theoretical simulations of the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111354
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