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  • 1
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    Megaclasts: Proposed Revised Nomenclature At the Coarse End of the Udden-Wentworth Grain-Size Scale for Sedimentary Particles (2014)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: A BSTRACT :  The expanded Udden-Wentworth (U-W) grain-size scale is an important tool for classifying the size of sedimentary particles. However, some of the existing terminology at the coarse end of the scale is problematic. In particular, the current terms "block" and "slab" are used to define size ranges, despite having recognized shape connotations and simultaneous application in particle form (shape) diagrams. The dual usage such of terminology is undesirable and may have contributed to the lack of strict adherence by the earth science community to the upper end of the U-W scale, resulting in part in the plethora of alternative expressions that have appeared in recent years for describing very large clasts. Our solution to this conundrum is to abandon shape-related terms and replace them with an incremental system based on the prefixes meso- and macro- to classify very large boulder size ranges. In this way, both size and shape classification of very coarse sediments can be accomplished satisfactorily without unnecessary overlap or confusion in nomenclature. The term "megaclast" is appropriate to remain as a universal descriptor for all clasts greater than boulder size (i.e., b axis 〉 4.1 m), as previously defined.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 2
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    One hundred and thirty years since Darwin: 'Reshaping' the theory of atoll formation (2013)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: April 2012 marked the 130th anniversary of the death of Charles Darwin. One of many significant contributions he made to science was the subsidence theory of atoll formation, which he penned on 12 April 1836 during the voyage of the Beagle through the Pacific. Darwin’s elegant theory, founded on the premise of a subsiding volcano and the corresponding upward growth of coral reef, was astonishing for the time considering the absence of an underpinning awareness of plate tectonics. His theory has endured until modern times in spite of a number of opposing ideas and permutations and has an enviable longevity amongst paradigms in geomorphology. Darwin frequently alluded to the generally circular morphology of the atoll shape, yet the reality is that many atolls are neither circular nor elliptical, instead possessing irregular morphologies. In particular, many exhibit major arcuate ‘bight-like’ structures (ABLS) in their plan form. These departures from the circular form are indicative of geomorphological processes that cannot be ignored. ABLS are the morphological expression of large submarine failures that are common on the slopes of volcanic edifices. Such failures can occur during any stage of atoll formation and are a valuable addition to Darwin’s theory because they indicate the instability of the volcanic foundations. Moreover, ABLS have fundamental implications for hazard research in the context of oceanic islands. Not only does our extension to the theory explain the diversity of atoll shape, but it also provides a mechanism for identifying a vast number of potential local tsunamigenic sources, which is critical for advancing modern understanding of tsunami hazards in oceanic environments.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 3
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    Two-dimensional Cs-vacancy superstructure in iron-based superconductor Cs_{0.8}Fe_{1.6}Se_{2} (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-06
    Description: Author(s): D. G. Porter, E. Cemal, D. J. Voneshen, K. Refson, M. J. Gutmann, A. Bombardi, A. T. Boothroyd, A. Krzton-Maziopa, E. Pomjakushina, K. Conder, and J. P. Goff Single crystal neutron diffraction is combined with synchrotron x-ray scattering to identify the different superlattice phases present in Cs 0.8 Fe 1.6 Se 2 . A combination of single crystal refinements and first principles modeling are used to provide structural solutions for the 5 × 5 and 2 × 2 superlattice... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 144114] Published Thu Apr 30, 2015
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Jahn-Teller versus quantum effects in the spin-orbital material LuVO_{3} (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: Author(s): M. Skoulatos, S. Toth, B. Roessli, M. Enderle, K. Habicht, D. Sheptyakov, A. Cervellino, P. G. Freeman, M. Reehuis, A. Stunault, G. J. McIntyre, L. D. Tung, C. Marjerrison, E. Pomjakushina, P. J. Brown, D. I. Khomskii, Ch. Rüegg, A. Kreyssig, A. I. Goldman, and J. P. Goff We report on combined neutron and resonant x-ray scattering results, identifying the nature of the spin-orbital ground state and magnetic excitations in LuVO 3 as driven by the orbital parameter. In particular, we distinguish between models based on orbital-Peierls dimerization, taken as a signature ... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 161104] Published Mon Apr 13, 2015
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Suppression of thermal conductivity by rattling modes in thermoelectric sodium cobaltate (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 1028 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3739 Authors: D. J. Voneshen, K. Refson, E. Borissenko, M. Krisch, A. Bosak, A. Piovano, E. Cemal, M. Enderle, M. J. Gutmann, M. Hoesch, M. Roger, L. Gannon, A. T. Boothroyd, S. Uthayakumar, D. G. Porter & J. P. Goff The need for both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity creates a design conflict for thermoelectric systems, leading to the consideration of materials with complicated crystal structures. Rattling of ions in cages results in low thermal conductivity, but understanding the mechanism through studies of the phonon dispersion using momentum-resolved spectroscopy is made difficult by the complexity of the unit cells. We have performed inelastic X-ray and neutron scattering experiments that are in remarkable agreement with our first-principles density-functional calculations of the phonon dispersion for thermoelectric Na0.8CoO2, which has a large-period superstructure. We have directly observed an Einstein-like rattling mode at low energy, involving large anharmonic displacements of the sodium ions inside multi-vacancy clusters. These rattling modes suppress the thermal conductivity by a factor of six compared with vacancy-free NaCoO2. Our results will guide the design of the next generation of materials for applications in solid-state refrigerators and power recovery.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Vacancy defects and monopole dynamics in oxygen-deficient pyrochlores (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-23
    Description: Nature Materials 13, 488 (2014). doi:10.1038/nmat3924 Authors: G. Sala, M. J. Gutmann, D. Prabhakaran, D. Pomaranski, C. Mitchelitis, J. B. Kycia, D. G. Porter, C. Castelnovo & J. P. Goff
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Divacancy superstructures in thermoelectric calcium-doped sodium cobaltate (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-05
    Description: Author(s): D. G. Porter, M. Roger, M. J. Gutmann, S. Uthayakumar, D. Prabhakaran, A. T. Boothroyd, M. S. Pandiyan, and J. P. Goff We have grown single crystals of NaxCayCoO2 and determined their superstructures as a function of composition using neutron and x-ray diffraction. Inclusion of Ca2+ stabilizes a single superstructure across a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. The superstructure in the Na+ layers is base... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 054101] Published Mon Aug 04, 2014
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-15
    Description: Bone marrow stem cells develop into hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages but have not been known to participate in production of hepatocytes, biliary cells, or oval cells during liver regeneration. Cross-sex or cross-strain bone marrow and whole liver transplantation were used to trace the origin of the repopulating liver cells. Transplanted rats were treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene, to block hepatocyte proliferation, and then hepatic injury, to induce oval cell proliferation. Markers for Y chromosome, dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme, and L21-6 antigen were used to identify liver cells of bone marrow origin. From these cells, a proportion of the regenerated hepatic cells were shown to be donor-derived. Thus, a stem cell associated with the bone marrow has epithelial cell lineage capability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, B E -- Bowen, W C -- Patrene, K D -- Mars, W M -- Sullivan, A K -- Murase, N -- Boggs, S S -- Greenberger, J S -- Goff, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 14;284(5417):1168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. bryon+@pitt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10325227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Acetylaminofluorene/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Carbon Tetrachloride/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; *Liver Regeneration ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; *Transcription Factors ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    The antiferromagnetic structures of IrMn3 and their influence on exchange-bias (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-13
    Description: We have determined the magnetic structures of single-crystal thin-films of IrMn3 for the crystallographic phases of chemically-ordered L12, and for chemically-disordered face-centred-cubic, which is the phase typically chosen for information-storage devices. For the chemically-ordered L12 thin-film, we find the same triangular magnetic structure as reported for the bulk material. We determine the magnetic structure of the chemically-disordered face-centred-cubic alloy for the first time, which differs from theoretical predictions, with magnetic moments tilted away from the crystal diagonals towards the face-planes. We study the influence of these two antiferromagnetic structures on the exchange-bias properties of an epitaxial body-centred-cubic Fe layer showing that magnetization reversal mechanism and bias-field in the ferromagnetic layer is altered significantly. We report a change of reversal mechanism from in-plane nucleation of 90° domain-walls when coupled to the newly reported cubic structure towards a rotational process, including an out-of-plane magnetization component when coupled to the L12 triangular structure. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep02412
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Hopping Time Scales and the Phonon-Liquid Electron-Crystal Picture in Thermoelectric Copper Selenide (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-06
    Description: Author(s): D. J. Voneshen, H. C. Walker, K. Refson, and J. P. Goff The suppression of transverse phonons by liquidlike diffusion in superionic conductors has been proposed as a means to dramatically reduce thermal conductivity in thermoelectric materials [H. Lui et al. Nat. Mater. 11 , 422 (2012) ]. We have measured the ion transport and lattice dynamics in the origi… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 145901] Published Wed Apr 05, 2017
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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