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  • 1
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    Identification and treatment of heme depletion [Systems Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-21
    Description: Recent advances in metabolic engineering have demonstrated that microbial biosynthesis can provide a viable alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of bulk and fine chemicals. Introduction of a new biosynthetic pathway typically requires the expression of multiple heterologous enzymes in the production host, which can impose stress on the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Tropical stratospheric cloud climatology from the PATMOS-x dataset: An assessment of convective contributions to stratospheric water (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-27
    Description: The PATMOS-x level 2b climatology, generated using three decades of AVHRR measurements, contains valuable information about the past global cloud record. We extract climatologies of tropical deep convective clouds from the PATMOS-x data set, based on the 10.30–11.30 μm brightness temperature. A comparison of the cross tropopause convective cloud frequency between ISCCP and PATMOS-x shows that PATMOS-x has a greater frequency of occurrence than does the ISCCP, and this enhanced frequency is attributed to greater horizontal resolution (2 km) in the PATMOS-x data. The high resolution makes this dataset suitable for a search for cross tropopause convection, which happens on length scales down to 1 km. We find there have been several changes in deep convective activity over land during the period 1982 to 2009. We explore specifically the epoch of the HALOE satellite, and find a correlation between land deep convective activity and anomalies in the HALOE stratospheric water retrievals. A simple model is able to predict stratospheric water vapor concentrations highly correlated to that observed using only frequency of deep convection. From this we conclude that deep convection over land contributes to moistening of the lowest tropical stratosphere on seasonal, annual and decadal timescales.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Resistance to an herbivore through engineered cyanogenic glucoside synthesis (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: The entire pathway for synthesis of the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin has been transferred from Sorghum bicolor to Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we document that genetically engineered plants are able to synthesize and store large amounts of new natural products. The presence of dhurrin in the transgenic A. thaliana plants confers resistance to the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum, which is a natural pest of other members of the crucifer group, demonstrating the potential utility of cyanogenic glucosides in plant defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tattersall, D B -- Bak, S -- Jones, P R -- Olsen, C E -- Nielsen, J K -- Hansen, M L -- Hoj, P B -- Moller, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1826-8. Epub 2001 Jul 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Centre for Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*enzymology/genetics ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Beetles/*physiology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Eating ; Food Chain ; *Genetic Engineering ; Glucosides/analysis/biosynthesis ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Nitriles/analysis/*metabolism ; Pest Control, Biological/*methods ; Plant Leaves/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Post-millennium changes in stratospheric temperature consistently resolved by GPS radio occultation and AMSU observations (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Description: Temperature changes in the lower and middle stratosphere during 2001-2016 are evaluated using measurements from GPS Radio Occultation (RO) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) aboard the Aqua satellite. After downsampling of GPS-RO profiles according to the AMSU weighting functions, the spatially and seasonally resolved trends from the two data sets are in excellent agreement. The observations indicate that the middle stratosphere has cooled in the time period 2002-2016 at an average rate of –0.14±0.12 to –0.36±0.14 K/decade, while no significant change was found in the lower stratosphere. The meridionally and vertically resolved trends from high-resolution GPS-RO data exhibit a marked inter-hemispheric asymmetry and highlight a distinct boundary between tropospheric and stratospheric temperature change regimes matching the tropical thermal tropopause. The seasonal pattern of trend reveals significant opposite-sign structures at high and low latitudes, providing indication of seasonally varying change in stratospheric circulation.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant selection of monophagous and oligophagous flea beetles feeding on crucifers (1978)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 24 (1978), S. 562-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a évalué par des tests utilisant des disques de feuilles les réactions alimentaires de deux espèces oligophages,Phyllotreta nemorum etP. undulata, et de deux espèces monophages,P. armoraciae se nourrissant de raifort,Armoracia rusticana, etP. tetrastigma, se nourrissant de cressonnette,Cardamine amara. Toutes ces espèces s'alimentent uniquement sur des plantes contenant des glucosinolates. On a préparé des extraits d'un certain nombre de ces plantes pour déterminer s'ils avaient un effet inhibiteur de l'alimentation. Il y a une bonne corrélation négative entre l'acceptabilité de la plante et l'effet inhibiteur de l'alimentation des extraits chezP. nemorum, mais les espèces monophages rejettent certaines plantes qui ne contiennent pas d'inhibiteurs de l'alimentation. Des cucurbitacines provenant d'espèces d'Iberis ont été identifiées comme étant des inhibiteurs alimentaires pourP. nemorum, et des glycosides cardiaques provenant deCheiranthus et d'Erysimum ont un effet semblable surP. undulata etP. tetrastigma. Aussi bien les plantes acceptables que les plantes inacceptables contiennent des glucosinolates fortement stimulateurs pourP. armoraciae etP. nemorum, qui ne peuvent donc reconnaître leur plantehôte uniquement par sa teneur en glucosinolates. Des résultats préliminaires font penser que certains flavonoïdes du radis et du raifort sont des stimulants alimentaires pour ces deux altises.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding responses of two oligophagous species,Phyllotreta nemorum andP. undulata, and two monophagous species,P. armoraciae andP. tetrastigma, feeding on horseradish,Armoracia rusticana, and large bittercress,Cardamine amara, respectively, have been evaluated by means of leaf disc tests. All species feed only on plants containing glucosinolates. Extracts made from a number of such species were tested for feeding inhibitory activity. There is good negative correlation between plant acceptability and feeding inhibitory activity of extracts inP. nemorum, but the monophagous species reject some plants which do not contain feeding inhibitors. Cucurbitacins fromIberis species have been identified as feeding inhibitors toP. nemorum and cardiac glycosides fromCheiranthus andErysimum toP. undulata andP. tetrastigma. Both acceptable and unacceptable plants contain highly stimulatory glucosinolates toP. armoraciae andP. nemorum, and the beetles are not able to recognize their host plants solely by their content of glucosinolates. Preliminary results suggest that certain flavonoids from radish and horseradish are feeding stimulants to the two flea beetle species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity in the olfactory orientation of the Colorado beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1977)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 21 (1977), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wind induziert positive anemotaktische Reaktionen von frisch geschlüpften, noch nicht gefütterten Weibchen des Kartoffelkäfers. Diese Reaktionen werden verstärkt durch flüchtige Verbindungen verschiedener Solanaceen, nämlich Solanum tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. luteum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum und Petunia hybrida und eine Nichtsolanacee, Tropaeolum majus. Brassica oleracea, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus und Phaseolus vulgaris waren in dieser Hinsicht neutral. Ungefütterte Postdiapause-Kartoffelkäfer reagieren ebenfalls auf flüchtige Verbindungen von ungeschädigten, getopften Kartoffelpflanzen. Es wird geschlossen, daß die geruchliche Orientierung den Kartoffelkäfer vorwiegend zu Solanaceen-Arten leitet. Sobald sich ein Kontakt ergibt, werden weitere Schritte in der Wirtspflanzenwahl erfolgen.
    Notes: Abstract Wind induces positive anemotactic responses of unfed newly-emerged female Colorado beetles. These responses are enhanced by the volatiles of several solanaceous species i.e. Solanum tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. luteum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum and Petunia hybrida, and a non-solanaceous species, Tropaeolum majus. Brassica oleracea, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus and Phaseolus vulgaris are neutral in this respect. Unfed post-diapause Colorado beetles also react to the vapours of undamaged potted potato plants. It is concluded that the olfactory orientation will mainly lead the Colorado beetle towards solanaceous species. When contact results, further steps in host plant selection will occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300336
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: Specialization ofCeutorhynchus inaffectatus to glucosinolates from its host plantHesperis matronalis (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Hesperis matronalis ; Dame's violet ; Brassicaceae ; Cruciferae ; glucosinolates ; feeding stimulants ; host plant specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:Ceutorhynchinae) is a monophagous species feeding only onHesperis matronalis L. (Cruciferae) in North-western Europe. Feeding responses of this weevil to five glucosinolates from its host plant were compared with the responses to four glucosinolates from non-host plants. The major glucosinolates in the host plant were isolated and identified: 6-methylsulphinylhexylglucosinolate (glucohesperalin), 3,4-dihydroxybenzylglucosinolate (glucomatronalin), 3-O-apiosylglucomatronalin, a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoylester and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzoylester of 3-O-apiosylglucomatronalin. The three glucosinolates containing apiose were powerful feeding stimulants forC. inaffectatus while the other host plant compounds and allyglucosinolate (sinigrin), 3-methylsulphinylpropylglucosinolate (glucoiberin), benzylglucosinolate (glucotropaeolin) and p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin) were weaker stimulants. The role of glucosinolates in host plant selection ofC. inaffectatus and related monophagous crucifer feeders is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688993
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  • 8
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    Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Palaeoaplysina build-ups on Svalbard: the influence of climate, salinity and sea-level (2013)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian Palaeoaplysina build-ups on Svalbard developed on a partly restricted marine warm-water carbonate platform at low palaeo-latitudes. The Palaeoaplysina build-ups mostly have a flat-topped tabular geometry, representing the mature stage of build-up growth. With decreasing accommodation space, continued vertical growth was hampered and lateral growth became dominant. The tabular growth form of the build-ups is probably a result of lateral amalgamation of several minor mounds. In central Spitsbergen many of the tabular build-ups form parts of continuous ridges or ring-shaped to polygonal build-up complexes encircling a lagoon. Lateral interfingering between bedded fusulinid dolostones along the build-up margins and barren dolostones further out in the lagoon may indicate increasing salinity from the lagoon margin to the central part. These lateral facies changes are often associated with evaporites (gypsum) and low biodiversity, especially abundant euryhaline fusulinids or even barren beds. On the sea side of the Palaeoaplysina build-ups, the frequent renewal of normal saline seawater allowed the highest biodiversity (e.g. stenohaline crinoids). The uppermost part of some build-ups contain Microcodium , indicating intermittent subaerial exposure and vegetation cover during lowstand, probably caused by eustatic sea-level changes and/or local tectonics. The biota of the build-ups and their lateral sediments is typical for a shallow marine chloroforam association, indicating a tropical climate during deposition.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 9
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    Evidence of fjord spawning by southern Norwegian Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-18
    Description: Atlantic halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus ) in a Norwegian fjord were tagged with pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags to investigate whether they join offshore spawning events with halibut from other regions. All fish ( n = 4) remained in the fjord throughout the spawning season, suggesting that they may be reproductively segregated from other stocks.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JETa) (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-09
    Description: The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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