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  • 1
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    Allendeite (Sc4Zr3O12) and hexamolybdenum (Mo,Ru,Fe), two new minerals from an ultrarefractory inclusion from the Allende meteorite (2014)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-02
    Description: During a nanomineralogy investigation of the Allende meteorite with analytical scanning electron microscopy, two new minerals were discovered; both occur as micro- to nano-crystals in an ultrarefractory inclusion, ACM-1. They are allendeite, Sc 4 Zr 3 O 12 , a new Sc- and Zr-rich oxide; and hexamolybdenum (Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os), a Mo-dominant alloy. Allendeite is trigonal, R , a = 9.396, c = 8.720, V = 666.7 Å 3 , and Z = 3, with a calculated density of 4.84 g/cm 3 via the previously described structure and our observed chemistry. Hexamolybdenum is hexagonal, P 6 3 / mmc , a = 2.7506, c = 4.4318 Å, V = 29.04 Å 3 , and Z = 2, with a calculated density of 11.90 g/cm 3 via the known structure and our observed chemistry. Allendeite is named after the Allende meteorite. The name hexamolybdenum refers to the symmetry (primitive hexagonal) and composition (Mo-rich). The two minerals reflect conditions during early stages of the formation of the Solar System. Allendeite may have been an important ultrarefractory carrier phase linking Zr-,Sc-oxides to the more common Sc-,Zr-enriched pyroxenes in Ca-Al-rich inclusions. Hexamolybdenum is part of a continuum of high-temperature alloys in meteorites supplying a link between Os- and/or Ru-rich and Fe-rich meteoritic alloys. It may be a derivative of the former and a precursor of the latter.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 2
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    Browneite, MnS, a new sphalerite-group mineral from the Zaklodzie meteorite (2012)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: Browneite (IMA 2012-008), MnS, is a new member of the sphalerite group, discovered in Zaklodzie, an ungrouped enstatite-rich achondrite. The type material occurs as one single crystal (~16 μm in size) in contact with and surrounded by plagioclase; enstatite and troilite are nearby. Low-Ni iron, martensitic iron, tridymite, quartz, cristobalite, sinoite, schreibersite, buseckite, keilite, and graphite, are also present in the type sample. Browneite is yellowish brown and translucent. The mean chemical composition, as determined by electron microprobe analysis of the type material, is (wt%) S 36.46, Mn 62.31, Fe 0.62, Ca 0.10, sum 99.49, leading to an empirical formula calculated on the basis of 2 atoms of (Mn 0.993 Fe 0.010 Ca 0.002 )S 0.995 . Electron back-scatter diffraction patterns of browneite are a good match to that of synthetic β-MnS with the F 3 m structure, showing a = 5.601 Å, V = 175.71 Å 3 , and Z = 4. Browneite is a low-temperature (〈200 °C) phase, metastable relative to alabandite, that postdates the impact melting and subsequent crystallization of an enstatite-rich rock.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Lunar apatite with terrestrial volatile abundances (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: The Moon is thought to be depleted relative to the Earth in volatile elements such as H, Cl and the alkalis. Nevertheless, evidence for lunar explosive volcanism has been used to infer that some lunar magmas exsolved a CO-rich and CO(2)-rich vapour phase before or during eruption. Although there is also evidence for other volatile species on glass spherules, until recently there had been no unambiguous reports of indigenous H in lunar rocks. Here we report quantitative ion microprobe measurements of late-stage apatite from lunar basalt 14053 that document concentrations of H, Cl and S that are indistinguishable from apatites in common terrestrial igneous rocks. These volatile contents could reflect post-magmatic metamorphic volatile addition or growth from a late-stage, interstitial, sulphide-saturated melt that contained approximately 1,600 parts per million H(2)O and approximately 3,500 parts per million Cl. Both metamorphic and igneous models of apatite formation suggest a volatile inventory for at least some lunar materials that is similar to comparable terrestrial materials. One possible implication is that portions of the lunar mantle or crust are more volatile-rich than previously thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyce, Jeremy W -- Liu, Yang -- Rossman, George R -- Guan, Yunbin -- Eiler, John M -- Stolper, Edward M -- Taylor, Lawrence A -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):466-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125-2500, USA. jwboyce@alum.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Water in Earth's Mantle: The Role of Nominally Anhydrous Minerals (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: Most minerals of Earth's upper mantle contain small amounts of hydrogen, structurally bound as hydroxyl (OH). The OH concentration in each mineral species is variable, in some cases reflecting the geological environment of mineral formation. Of the major mantle minerals, pyroxenes are the most hydrous, typically containing approximately 200 to 500 parts per million H(2)O by weight, and probably dominate the water budget and hydrogen geochemistry of mantle rocks that do not contain a hydrous phase. Garnets and olivines commonly contain approximately 1 to 50 parts per million. Nominally anhydrous minerals constitute a significant reservoir for mantle hydrogen, possibly accommodating all water in the depleted mantle and providing a possible mechanism to recycle water from Earth's surface into the deep mantle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, D R -- Rossman, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1391-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Mineralogy. Discovery of bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in Earth, in a shocked meteorite (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-29
    Description: Meteorites exposed to high pressures and temperatures during impact-induced shock often contain minerals whose occurrence and stability normally confine them to the deeper portions of Earth's mantle. One exception has been MgSiO3 in the perovskite structure, which is the most abundant solid phase in Earth. Here we report the discovery of this important phase as a mineral in the Tenham L6 chondrite and approved by the International Mineralogical Association (specimen IMA 2014-017). MgSiO3-perovskite is now called bridgmanite. The associated phase assemblage constrains peak shock conditions to ~ 24 gigapascals and 2300 kelvin. The discovery concludes a half century of efforts to find, identify, and characterize a natural specimen of this important mineral.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tschauner, Oliver -- Ma, Chi -- Beckett, John R -- Prescher, Clemens -- Prakapenka, Vitali B -- Rossman, George R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1100-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1259369.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geoscience and High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89134, USA. olivert@physics.unlv.edu. ; Division of Geology and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Center of Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60632, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Kangite, (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,{square})2O3, a new ultra-refractory scandia mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Kangite (IMA 2011-092), (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,) 2 O 3 , is a new scandia mineral, occurring as micrometer-sized crystals with REE-rich perovskite and spinel in a davisite-dominant ultra-refractory inclusion from the Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. The phase was characterized by SEM, EBSD, synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction, micro-Raman, and EPMA. The mean chemical composition of the type kangite is (wt%) TiO 2 36.6, Sc 2 O 3 26.4, ZrO 2 11.3, Al 2 O 3 7.0, Y 2 O 3 5.4, CaO 3.9, MgO 3.14, Dy 2 O 3 1.8, SiO 2 1.7, V 2 O 3 1.31, Er 2 O 3 0.92, FeO 0.8, Gd 2 O 3 0.60, Ho 2 O 3 0.40, Tb 2 O 3 0.18, Cr 2 O 3 0.09, ThO 2 0.04, O –0.3, sum 101.28, which leads to an empirical formula calculated on the basis of 3 O atoms of [(Sc 0.54 Al 0.16 Y 0.07 V 0.03 Gd 0.01 Dy 0.01 Er 0.01 ) 3+ 0.83 (Ti 0.66 Zr 0.13 ) 4+ 0.79 (Mg 0.11 Ca 0.06 Fe 0.02 ) 2+ 0.19 0.19 ] 2.00 O 3 . Synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction (i.e., an energy scan by a high-flux X-ray monochromatic beam) on one type domain at submicrometer resolution revealed that kangite has a cation-deficient Ia bixbyite-type cubic structure. The cell parameters are a = 9.842(1) Å, V = 953.3(1) Å 3 , Z = 16, which leads to a calculated density of 3.879 g/cm 3 . Kangite is a new ultra-refractory mineral, likely originating through low-temperature oxidation of a Sc-,Ti 3+ -enriched high-temperature condensate oxide dating to the birth of the Solar System.
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    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
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    Monipite, MoNiP, a new phosphide mineral in a Ca-Al-rich inclusion from the Allende meteorite (2014)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-03
    Description: Monipite (IMA 2007-033), MoNiP, is a new phosphide mineral that occurs as one 1 x 2 μm crystal in a Type B1 Ca-Al-rich inclusion (CAI) ACM-2 from the Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. It has an empirical formula of (Mo 0.84 Fe 0.06 Co 0.04 Rh 0.03 )(Ni 0.89 Ru 0.09 )P, and a P 2 m Fe 2 P type structure with a = 5.861, c = 3.704 Å, V = 110.19 Å 3 , and Z = 3. The calculated density using our measured composition is 8.27 g/cm 3 , making monipite the densest known mineral phosphide. Monipite probably either crystallized from an immiscible P-rich melt that had exsolved from an Fe-Ni-enriched alloy melt that formed during melting of the host CAI or it exsolved from a solidified alloy. Most of the original phosphide in the type occurrence was later altered to apatite and Mo-oxides, leaving only a small residual grain. Monipite occurs within an opaque assemblage included in melilite that contains kamiokite (Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 ), tugarinovite (MoO 2 ), and a Nb-rich oxide [(Nb,V,Fe)O 2 ], none of which has previously been reported in meteorites, together with apatite, awaruite (Ni 2 Fe), and vanadian magnetite.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
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    Kyawthuite, Bi3+Sb5+O4, a new gem mineral from Mogok, Burma (Myanmar) (2017)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-12
    Description: Kyawthuite, Bi 3+ Sb 5+ O 4 , is a new gem mineral found as a waterworn crystal in alluvium at Chaung-gyi-ah-le-ywa in the Chaung-gyi valley, near Mogok, Burma (Myanmar). Its description is based upon a single sample, which was faceted into a 1.61-carat gem. The composition suggests that the mineral formed in a pegmatite. Kyawthuite is monoclinic, space group I 2/ c , with unit cell dimensions a = 5.4624(4), b = 4.88519(17), c = 11.8520(8) Å, β = 101.195(7)°, V = 310.25(3) Å 3 and Z = 4. The colour is reddish orange and the streak is white. It is transparent with adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is 51/2. Kyawthuite is brittle with a conchoidal fracture and three cleavages: {001} perfect, {110} and { 10} good. The measured density is 8.256(5) g cm –3 and the calculated density is 8.127 g cm –3 . The mineral is optically biaxial with 2V = 90(2)°. The predicted indices of refraction are α = 2.194, β = 2.268, = 2.350. Pleochroism is imperceptible and the optical orientation is X = b ; Y c; Z a . Electron microprobe analyses, provided the empirical formula ( ) 1.00 ( ) 1.00 O 4 . The Raman spectrum is similar to that of synthetic Bi 3+ Sb 5+ O 4 . The infrared spectrum shows a trace amount of OH/H 2 O. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [ d obs in Å( I )( hkl )]: 3.266(100)( 12), 2.900(66)(112), 2.678(24)(200), 2.437(22)(020, 14), 1.8663(21)(024), 1.8026(43)( 16,220,204), 1.6264(23)( 24,116) and 1.5288(28)(312, 32). In the crystal structure of kyawthuite ( R 1 = 0.0269 for 593 reflections with F o 〉 4 F ), Sb 5+ O 6 octahedra share corners to form chequerboard-like sheets parallel to {001}. Atoms of Bi 3+ , located above and below the open squares in the sheets, form bonds to the O atoms in the sheets, thereby linking adjacent sheets into a framework. The Bi 3+ atom is in lopsided 8 coordination, typical of a cation with stereoactive lone electron pairs. Kyawthuite is isostructural with synthetic β-Sb 2 O 4 and clinocervantite (natural β-Sb 2 O 4 ).
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric constants of yttrium and rare-earth garnets, the polarizability of gallium oxide, and the oxide additivity rule (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 3798-3802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dielectric constants (κ') and dielectric loss values of 10 rare-earth gallium garnets and 1 rare-earth aluminum garnet were measured at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method with empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: κ'(Dy3Al5O12)=11.07±0.05; κ'(Ho3Ga5O12) =12.38±0.05; κ'(Dy3Ga5O12)=12.36±0.06; κ'(Tb3Ga5O12) =12.40 ±0.03; κ'(Gd3Ga5O12) =12.18±0.10; κ'(Eu3Ga5O12) =12.46±0.05; κ'(Sm3Ga5O12) =12.55±0.03; κ'(Nd3Ga5O12) =12.59±0.12; κ'(Y3Sc2Ga3O12) =12.94±0.03; κ'(Sm3Sc2Ga3O12) =13.67±0.04; and κ'(La2.66Lu2.66Ga2.66O12) =14.40±0.03. The dielectric polarizability of Ga2O3 derived from the dielectric constants of these and other Ga compounds is 8.80±0.14 A(ring)3. The agreement between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius–Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to αD(mineral) =ΣαD (oxides) for six aluminum garnets and twelve gallium garnets is ∼1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345026
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of hydroxyl in upper-mantle clinopyroxenes (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 351 (1991), S. 732-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TABLE 1 Electron microprobe analyses of eclogite clinopyroxenes in wt% Sample SBB-1 SBB-5H SBB-7P SBB-14 SBB-20 SBB-46 SBB-104 SDC-1 SDC-2 SRV-4 XM-37 HRV-147 Si02 57.14 55.11 55.06 55.05 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/351732a0
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