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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upconversion lasing of a thulium-ion-doped fluorozirconate glass microsphere (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2385-2388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Blue and red upconversion lasing of a Tm3+-doped fluorozirconate glass microsphere was demonstrated. Tens-of-micrometer-sized, genuinely spherical glass particles were produced by a melting method with a burner. The single microsphere was pumped by a focused beam of a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. Three-photon-excited lasing emission could be observed in 480 and 800 nm regions at room temperature, and their lasing thresholds were determined to be 20 and 5 mW, respectively. Applications of the microspherical upconversion laser to near-field scanning optical microscopy are also discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371064
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrene fluorescence dynamics within a polymer microspherical cavity (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 2052-2056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Drastic changes of fluorescence dynamics in pyrene-doped poly(methylmethacrylate) latex microspheres were observed with a time-resolved microspectroscopy system. Fluorescence decay curves of pyrene monomer emission from the microspheres consist of fast and slow decay components. Rate constants of the slow components are almost the same for all particles, which correspond to the value in free space. The fast components increase in the relative intensity and in the decay rate with decreasing particle size, which can be ascribed to cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission. The rate constant for a 2.4 μm sphere is increased by a factor of ∼17 compared to the bulk value. The results are discussed on the basis of the cavity quantum electrodynamic theory. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369501
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical block copolymerization in heterogeneous systems of the solid poly(vinyl chloride) with styrene by ultrasonic irradiation (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 28 (1992), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mechanochemical block copolymerization in heterogeneous systems of the solid poly(vinyl chloride)-styrene-sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solutions has been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 65 °C. The block copolymerization of styrene was initiated by free radicals produced from the poly(vinyl chloride) particles by ultrasonic waves. The initial rate of the block copolymerization Rp was given by Rp α [Styrene] [Sodium dodecyl sulfate]1/2. Both copolymer and homopolymer were obtained. For example, when 2.506 g of the poly(vinyl chloride) particles, 24.23 g of styrene, and 54.00 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution (0.500 wt%) were added in the reaction system, the weight proportions of the block copolymer and polystyrene after 60 min were approximately 50 and 20%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299655
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical block copolymerization in heterogeneous systems of the solid poly(vinyl chloride) with styrene by ultrasonic irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 33 (1994), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of several forms of suspension polymerized poly(vinyl chloride) particles on mechanochemical block copolymerization in the solid poly(vinyl chloride)-styrene-sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions has been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 60 °C. The block copolymerization of styrene was initiated by free radicals produced from the poly(vinyl chloride) particles by ultrasonic waves. The rates of copolymerization increased with increasing the additional amount of the solid poly(vinyl chloride), the porosity, and the average diameter of the grain particles. In particular, the influence of the average diameter was much larger than that of the porosity. When the porosity and the average diameter were increased, the rates of decrease in the viscosity-average degree of polymerization of the degraded poly(vinyl chloride) were much increased. In addition, the changes in the composition of the block copolymer and homopolymers in the reaction products were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314269
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical polymerization in mixtures of diallyl terephthalate and distilled water by ultrasonic irradiation (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 25 (1991), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mechanochemical polymerization in systems of diallyl terephthalate-distilled water has been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 90°C. An additional effect of distilled water on mechanochemical polymerization of diallyl terephthalate was investigated. When a 1.2 wt % distilled water solution, the conversion of poly(diallyl terephthalate) was the greatest and the initial rate of the polymerization R p was 1.3x10-5 mol/l sec. This polymerization proceeded by a radical mechanism and the primary radicals produced from water molecules by ultrasonic waves. In addition, changes in the iodine value and the weight-average molecular weight of the resulting polymers were proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical block copolymerization of poly(vinyl chloride) with methyl methacrylate by ultrasonic irradiation (1990)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 23 (1990), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mechanical degradation and mechanochemical block copolymerization in systems of poly(vinyl chloride)-methyl methacrylate-solvents have been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 60°C. The effect of the concentrations of poly(vinyl chloride) on mechanical degradation was investigated. In addition, the effects of poly(vinyl chloride) and methyl methacrylate concentrations on mechanochemical block copolymerization were investigated. The rate equation for mechanochemical block copolymerization has been deduced, and the experimental results were in fairly good agreement with the equation. The changes in the composition of the block copolymer and homopolymers in the reaction products were followed by turbidimetric titration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983960
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical block copolymerization in heterogeneous systems of the solid polyethylene with acrylamide aqueous solutions by ultrasonic irradiation (1996)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 36 (1996), S. 723-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mechanochemical block copolymerization in heterogeneous systems of the solid polyethylene-acrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solutions has been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 30 °C. An additional effect of the solid polyethylene and the effects of acrylamide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentrations on mechanochemical block copolymerization were investigated. The block copolymerization of acrylamide was initiated by free radical produced from the polyethylene particles by ultrasonic waves. The rate of copolymerization R p increased with increasing additional amount of polyethylene and that value was of the order of 10-3 mol/l s. In addition, the R p was given by R p α [Acrylamide] [Sodium dodecyl sulfate].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338636
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)-block-poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers by ultrasonic irradiation (1999)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 42 (1999), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical degradation and mechanochemical reaction in heterogeneous systems of the solid poly(vinyl chloride)-poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solutions have been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 30 °C. The rate of decrease in the viscosity-average degree of polymerization of the degraded poly(vinyl chloride) was much faster than that of the degraded poly(vinyl alcohol). Mechanochemical reaction occurred by free radicals produced from the chain scissions of both polymers by ultrasonic waves. The copolymer was obtained and the molar ratio of the vinyl chloride and the vinyl alcohol units in its copolymer can be determined. In addition, the changes in the composition of the total block copolymer, the unreacted poly(vinyl chloride), and the unreacted poly(vinyl alcohol) were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050453
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)-block-poly(ethylene-co-propylene) copolymers by ultrasonic irradiation (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical degradation and mechanochemical reaction in heterogeneous and homogeneous systems of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(ethylene-co-propylene) polymer have been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 30 °C. The rates of decrease in the number-average molecular weights of the degraded poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(ethylene-co-propylene) polymer were much faster in order of the solid poly(vinyl chloride)—poly(ethylene-co-propylene) polymer solution, the swelled poly(vinyl chloride)—poly(ethylene-co-propylene) polymer solution, and the homogeneous solution systems. On the other hand, mechanochemical reaction occurred by free radicals produced from the chain scissions of both polymers by ultrasonic waves. The changes in the composition of the total block copolymer, the unreacted poly(vinyl chloride), and the unreacted poly(ethylene-co-propylene) polymer in individual reaction systems were obtained. In addition, the microscopic observation of the surfaces of the polymers on before and after mechanochemical reaction is carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890070041
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of Tetraalkylammonium Bis(5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-diselenolato)nickelate, (R4N)[Ni(ddds)2] (R = Me, Et, and nBu), and Neutral Complex [Ni(ddds)2]2 (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 1631-1639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metal complexes ; Organic conductors ; Selenium ; Magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel metal complexes (R4N)[Ni(ddds)2] (R = Me, Et and nBu, ddds = 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-diselenolate) have been prepared and their crystal structures determined. The intraligand Se-Se distance is longer than that between the inner sulfur atoms of the five-member ring of the M(dddt)2- sulfur analogue and is almost equal to the S-S distance in the six-member ring. Consequently, two-dimensional intermolecular close contacts are expected, and observed in Ni(ddds)2 complexes. The neutral Ni(ddds)2 species was obtained by electrochemical oxidation from the monoanionic (nBu4N)[Ni(ddds)2] complex. X-Ray crystal structure analyses of this neutral species show that two Ni(ddds)2 are connected by the two Ni-Se bonds. Thus, the Ni(ddds)2entities form [Ni(ddds)2]2dimers which are arranged face-to-face and rotated by about 90° with respect to each other. The electrochemical behavior of (nBu4N)[Ni(ddds)2] indicates the possible formation of cation-radical species. The room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that the (R4N)[Ni(ddds)2] complexes are paramagnetic with μeff = 1.77-1.83 μB, corresponding to one unpaired electron per molecular formula. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of (Et4N)[Ni(ddds)2] is indicative of weak long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below 9 K. The dimerization in [Ni(ddds)2]2results in a strong antiferromagnetic spin coupling within the dimer, and explain the non magnetic state observed for this compound.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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