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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 202 (1993), S. 170-175 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Axolotl ; Cell culture ; Regeneration ; Positional information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous grafting experiments have demonstrated that cells from non-contiguous positions within developing and regenerating limbs differ in a property referred to as positional identity. The goal of this study was to determine how long the positional identity of axolotl limb blastema cells is stable during culture in vitro. We have developed an assay for posterior positional properties such that blastema cells can be cultured and then grafted into anterior positions in host blastemas, to determine if they can stimulate supernumerary digit formation. We report that posterior blastema cells are able to maintain their positional identities for at least a week in culture. In addition, we observed that blastema cells are able to rapidly degrade collagenous substrates in vitro, a property that apparently distinguishes them from limb cells of other vertebrates. These results provide information regarding the time boundaries within which the positional properties of blastema cells can be studied and manipulated in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 173 (1973), S. 263-282 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Some aspects of the influence of position on regeneration have been examined by comparing regeneration from two different levels along the newt forelimb. 2. We have defined a series of stages of forelimb regeneration in the newt,Notophthalmus viridescens, in order to facilitate this study. 3. Limbs amputated at either a proximal level (through the humerus) or a distal level (through the radius and ulna) pass through the same stages at the same times after amputation. 4. The histological sequence of events of digit regeneration was compared with that of limb regeneration from a proximal level of amputation and was found to be the same. 5. In limbs amputated at either proximal or distal levels, the rate of elongation of regenerates is the same during the phases of dedifferentiation, blastema accumulation, and blastema growth. 6. During the phase of differentiation and morphogenesis, the rate of elongation of regenerates from the proximal level is significantly greater than that of regenerates from the distal level. 7. The total length of regenerates from proximal and distal levels along the limb is significantly different. 8. The results indicate that positional information does not influence the developmental sequence of events of limb regeneration, but that it does influence the rate of growth of the regenerate and the specification of the structures to be replaced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 174 (1974), S. 90-101 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The regulative ability of the regeneration blastema of the newt limb (Notophthalmus viridescens) was tested by operationsin situ. Either the anterior, posterior, dorsal, or ventral half of the blastema was removed at various stages during regeneration. 2. All blastemas operated on prior to the stage of four early digits showed a delay in reaching the subsequent stages of regeneration. 3. The blastema is capable of extensive regulation in the anterior-posterior and dorsoventral axes even after many of its cells have begun to differentiate. 4. Early digital stages of regeneration were found to be defective in regulative ability. Additional skeletal elements were present in limbs which had been operated on at the stage of three early digits. Supernumerary digits as well as additional skeletal elements were present in limbs which had been operated on at the stage of four early digits. Removal of the posterior half of the regenerate at one of these late stages resulted in more severe abnormalities than did removal of the anterior half. 5. Either the anterior or the posterior half of a mature limb was removed back to the level of the wrist. In several cases, an almost complete autopodium developed alongside the remaining half autopodium. 6. Removal of half of a regenerate at digital stages gave results similar to those obtained following removal of half of a mature limb. 7. The results are discussed in the context of other experiments on regenerating limbs, and of experiments on other developing systems. It is concluded that amphibian blastemas in common with a number of other systems can develop according to the presumptive fates of their cells, or they can regulate when they are given the opportunity for growth and cell division.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 207 (1997), S. 287-295 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Sense organ embryology ; Ambystoma embryology ; Homeobox genes ; Vertebrate genetics ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Gene expression has been studied in considerable detail in the developing vertebrate brain, neural crest, and some placode-derived organs. As a further investigation of vertebrate head morphogenesis, expression patterns of several homeobox-containing genes were examined using whole-mount in situ hybridization in a sensory system primitive for the vertebrate subphylum: the axolotl lateral lines and the placodes from which they develop. Axolotl Msx-2 and Dlx-3 are expressed in all of the lateral line placodes. Both genes are expressed throughout development of the lateral line system and their expression continues in the fully developed neuromasts. Expression within support cells is highly polarized. In contrast to most other observations of Msx genes in vertebrate organogenesis, expression of Msx-2 in developing lateral line organs is exclusively epithelial and is not associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. A Hox-complex gene, Hoxb-3, is shown to be expressed in the embryonic hindbrain and in a lateral line placode at the same rostrocaudal level, but not in other placodes nor in mature lateral line organs. A Hox gene of a separate paralog group, Hoxa-4, is expressed in a more posterior hindbrain domain in the embryo, but is not expressed in the lateral line placode at that rostrocaudal level. These data provide the first test of the hypothesis that the neurogenic placodes develop in two rostrocaudal series aligned with the rhombomeric segments and patterned by combinations of Hox genes in parallel with the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 221 (1969), S. 1148-1150 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] That the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures are not fixed structures but may show changes in shape can be inferred from previous descriptions, some made at a time when the very existence of the clefts was debated (see review by Sotnikov5). These changes included swelling of the clefts and longitudinal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 263 (1976), S. 676-679 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Double half limbs were made in Notophthalmus viridescens as shown in Fig. 1. Controls were sham operated limbs in which either an anterior or a posterior half of an upper arm had been removed and replaced in normal orientation. All grafts healed into place rapidly and became fully vascularised by ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 298 (1982), S. 369-371 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Grafts between regenerating fore- and hindlimbs are as effective as grafts within the homologous limb in eliciting supernumerary limb formation12'13. Similar conclusions can be drawn from experiments performed on the developing leg and wing buds of birds14'16. We exploited this in our experiments ...
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1976-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-1606
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-564X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1977-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0036-8733
    Electronic ISSN: 1946-7087
    Topics: Biology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2002-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1084-9521
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-3634
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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