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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homeobox genes in axolotl lateral line placodes and neuromasts (1997)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 207 (1997), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Sense organ embryology ; Ambystoma embryology ; Homeobox genes ; Vertebrate genetics ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Gene expression has been studied in considerable detail in the developing vertebrate brain, neural crest, and some placode-derived organs. As a further investigation of vertebrate head morphogenesis, expression patterns of several homeobox-containing genes were examined using whole-mount in situ hybridization in a sensory system primitive for the vertebrate subphylum: the axolotl lateral lines and the placodes from which they develop. Axolotl Msx-2 and Dlx-3 are expressed in all of the lateral line placodes. Both genes are expressed throughout development of the lateral line system and their expression continues in the fully developed neuromasts. Expression within support cells is highly polarized. In contrast to most other observations of Msx genes in vertebrate organogenesis, expression of Msx-2 in developing lateral line organs is exclusively epithelial and is not associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. A Hox-complex gene, Hoxb-3, is shown to be expressed in the embryonic hindbrain and in a lateral line placode at the same rostrocaudal level, but not in other placodes nor in mature lateral line organs. A Hox gene of a separate paralog group, Hoxa-4, is expressed in a more posterior hindbrain domain in the embryo, but is not expressed in the lateral line placode at that rostrocaudal level. These data provide the first test of the hypothesis that the neurogenic placodes develop in two rostrocaudal series aligned with the rhombomeric segments and patterned by combinations of Hox genes in parallel with the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050116
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Reptilian Cortical Structure (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 848-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Forebrain sections of Iguana iguana. A, Transverse section through the hemisphere showing nuclei and position of Figs. C and D. B, Golgi-Cox sagittal section through hemisphere showing dorsomedial cortex and alveus. C, Golgi-Cox transverse section through hemisphere showing projection ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/210848a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISCUSSION OF THE PRECEDING PAPER (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 167 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20443.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new electroreceptive teleost:Xenomystus nigri (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 148 (1982), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The African knife fish,Xenomystus nigri, is found to be sensitive to weak electric fields by the method of averaged evoked potentials from the brain. Slow waves and spikes were recorded in or near the lateral line area of the medulla and the torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon in response to long pulses (best 〉 50 ms) and low frequency sine waves (best ca. 10 Hz) of voltage gradients down to 〈 10 μV/cm. Evoked waves in the lateral line area are a sequence of negative and positive deflections beginning with a first peak at ca. 24 ms; in the torus semicircularis the first peak is at ca. 37 ms. Spikes are most likely in the torus between 50 and 80 ms after ON. At each recording locus there is a best axis of the homogeneous electric field and a better polarity. Effects of stimulus intensity, duration and repetition are described. The physiological properties are similar to those of ampullary receptor systems in mormyriforms, gymnotiforms and siluriforms. Confirming Braford (1982),Xenomystus has a large medullary nucleus resembling the nucleus otherwise peculiar to mormyriforms, gymnotiforms and siluriforms and now called the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELLL; formerly the posterior lateral line lobe). We describe the projections of anterior and posterior lateral line nerves by HRP applied to the proximal stump of a cut nerve. A descending central ramus of the anterior lateral line nerve and a lateral component of the ascending ramus of the posterior lateral line nerve end in part in the ELLL. Electroreception, including the system of discrete central structures mediating it, is for the first time found to be less than an ordinal or even a family character, but apparently a characteristic of the subfamily Xenomystinae. Species of the other subfamily, Notopterinae as well as of the other families of osteoglossiforms (Osteoglossidae, Hiodontidae and Pantodontidae), lack the ELLL.Notopterus andPantodon are found to lack the evoked potential. The positive finding of evoked activity to feeble electric field is found to be the most practical method for searching widely among fishes for the presence of the electrosense modality and its central pathways. The anatomical criterion of an ELLL can now be taken to be a good criterion for the presence of this sensory system. The absence of evoked response correlates well with the absence of an ELLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679019
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational optokinesis in reptiles and its bearing on pupillary shape (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 62 (1969), S. 75-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Members of all orders of reptiles rotate the optic bulb to compensate for changes in pitch of the head. The eye rotates through 20–30° in snakes and turtles, 50° in crocodiles and 60° in rhynochocephalians. The eye fully compensates for changes in pitch of the head over about 1/2 the range of its response. This response is largley mediated by vestibular position reflexes. It is relatively independent of the visual horizon, body proprioceptors and temperature. Rotation of the eye bulb can be related to pupillary shape and to the reported organization of the visual projections to the optic tectum. Regardless of head position, reptiles orient their eyes to keep the horizon under close inspection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nose stars and brain stripes (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 364 (1993), S. 493-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Mammals with sensory receptor specializations often have corresponding modifications in the brain that help us understand general principles of brain organization. A conspicuous and unique specialization is the star of the star-nosed mole's face, where 11 fleshy rays branch out from each side ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364493a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal behaviour Swimming against the current (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 915-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As any stream-wading child or angler knows, fishes and many amphibians orientate their bodies upstream. This behavioural response to currents — known as rheotaxis —helps young aquatic animals to counteract passive drift. It also allows animals to maintain a position within a stream ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/40018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the basicranial muscle of Latimeria chalumnae (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 32 (1991), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Nervus abducens ; Cranial segmentation ; Extrinsic eye muscles ; Pisces ; Actinistia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis New observations based on a serial reconstruction of histological sections of a prenatal coelacanth demonstrate that, in contrast to previous reports, the basicranial muscle is innervated by the abducent nerve rather than the vagal nerve. A detailed account of the course of the abducent nerve and its terminal arborizations in the basicranial muscle and lateral rectus muscle is provided. This finding bears on the phylogenetic derivation of the basicranial muscle in sarcopterygians, its possible homologues in other vertebrates., and patterns of head segmentation in craniates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007450
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the Pacific hagfish,Eptatretus stouti (Myxinoidea) (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 443-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Hypothalamus ; Brain stem ; Sensomotor system ; Eptatretus stouti (Agnatha, Cyclostomata, Myxinoidea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the brain of a myxinoid, the Pacific hagfish,Eptatretus stouti, by means of immunocytochemistry. In the forebrain, labelled cell bodies occurred in the infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus and some closely adjacent nuclei. Labelled fibers formed a diffuse network in the forebrain, but there was no evidence for the presence of intracerebral ganglionic cells of the terminal nerve or a central projection of the terminal nerve. In the hindbrain, a group of labelled cells was found in the trigeminal sensory nucleus. A distinet terminal arborization occurred in the ventrally adjacent nucleus A of Kusunoki and around the nuclei of the branchial motor column. These findings suggest that FMRFamide may play a role in the central control of branchiomotor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645045
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central projections of the pineal complex in the silver lamprey Ichthyomyzon unicuspis (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex ; Horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) transport ; Pineofugal axons ; Ichthyomyzon unicuspis (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central projections of the pineal complex of the silver lamprey Ichthyomyzon unicuspis were studied by injection of horseradish peroxidase. The pineal tract courses caudally along the left side of the habenular commissure, and a few fibers penetrate the brain through the caudalmost portion of this commissure. Most of the fibers, however, continue caudally and enter the brain through the posterior commissure. The pineal tract projects bilaterally to the subcomissural organ, the superficial and periventricular pretectum, the posterior tubercular nucleus, the dorsal and ventral thalamus, the dorsal hypothalamus, the optic tectum, the torus semicircularis, the midbrain tegmentum, and the oculomotor nucleus. A few fibers decussate in the tubercular commissure, but the course of these decussate fibers could not be followed owing to the bilateral nature of the projections. No retrogradely labeled cells were found in the brain. With the exception of the projections to the optic tectum and torus semicircularis, the pineal projections in the silver lamprey are similar to those reported in other anamniote vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224108
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