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  • 1
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    The Mars In-Situ-Propellant-Production Precursor (MIP) Flight Demonstration (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Strategic planning for human missions of exploration to Mars has conclusively identified insitu propellant production (ISPP) as an enabling technology. A team of scientists and engineers from NASA's Johnson Space Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Glenn Research Center is preparing the MARS ISPP PRECURSOR (MIP) Flight Demonstration. The objectives of MIP are to characterize the performance of processes and hardware that are important to ISPP concepts and to demonstrate how these processes and hardware interact with the Mars environment. Operating this hardware in the actual Mars environment is extremely important due to (1) uncertainties in our knowledge of the Mars environment, and (2) conditions that cannot be adequately simulated on Earth. The MIP Flight Demonstration is a payload onboard the MARS SURVEYOR Lander and will be launched in April 2001. MIP will be the first hardware to utilize the indigenous resources of a planet or moon. Its successful operation will pave the way for future robotic and human missions to rely on propellants produced using Martian resources as feedstock.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration; 54-56; LPI-Contrib-991
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  • 2
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    Space station power system (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is pointed out that space station planning at NASA began when NASA was created in 1958. However, the initiation of the program for a lunar landing delayed the implementation of plans for a space station. The utility of a space station was finally demonstrated with Skylab, which was launched in 1972. In May 1982, the Space Station Task Force was established to provide focus and direction for space station planning activities. The present paper provides a description of the planning activities, giving particular attention to the power system. The initial space station will be required to supply 75 kW of continuous electrical power, 60 kW for the customer and 15 kW for space station needs. Possible alternative energy sources for the space station include solar planar or concentrator arrays of either silicon or gallium arsenide.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems (ISSN 0018-9251); AES-20; 666-671
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Space Station Power System Advanced Development (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The objectives of the Space Station Advanced Development Program are related to the development of a set of design options and/or new capabilities to support Space Station development and operation, taking into account also a quantification of the performance and risk of key state-of-the-art technologies, and a reduction of the cost and schedule risk in Space Station development. Attention is given to the photovoltaic power system, a solar dynamic system, and aspects of power management and distribution. A major issue will be the selection of the power generation system. In view of the advantages of the solar dynamic system, it is attempted to resolve issues associated with this system.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
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  • 4
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    Theoretical results on the double-collecting tandem junction solar cell (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Results of computer calculations using a one dimensional model of the silicon tandem junction solar cell with both front and back current collection are presented. Using realistically achievable geometrical and material parameters, the model predicts that with base widths of 50 micrometers and 100 micrometers and base resistivities between 1 ohm/cm and 20 ohm/cm, beginning of life efficiencies of 14% to 17% and end of life efficiencies of 12% to 14%, after about seven years in synchronous orbit, can be obtained.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 51-59
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  • 5
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    Modeling of thin, back-wall silicon solar cells (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The performance of silicon solar cells with p-n junctions on the nonilluminated surface (i.e., upside-down or back-wall cells) was calculated. These structures consisted of a uniformly shaped p-type substrate layer, a p(+)-type field layer on the front (illuminated) surface, and a shallow, n-type junction on the back (nonilluminated) surface. A four-layer solar cell model was used to calculate efficiency, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current. The effect on performance of p-layer thickness and resistivity was determined. The diffusion length was varied to simulate the effect of radiation damage. The results show that peak initial efficiencies greater than 15 percent are possible for cell thicknesses or 100 micrometers or less. After 10 years of radiation damage in geosynchronous orbit, thin (25 to 50 micrometers thick) cells made from 10 to 100 ohm cm material show the smallest decrease (approximately 10 percent) in performance.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Cell High Efficiency and Radiation Damage, 1979; p 73-78
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  • 6
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    Microstructural analysis of solar cell welds (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Parallel-gap resistance welding of silicon solar cells with copper interconnects results in complex microstructural variations that depend on the welding variables. At relatively low heat input solid-state welds are produced. At medium heat the Ag-Cu eutectic forms resulting in a braze joint. High heat produces a fusion weld with complete melting of the silver layer on the silicon solar cell. If the silicon is also melted, cracking occurs in the silicon cell below the weld nugget. These determinations were made using light microscopy, microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy analyses.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol. 1982: High Efficiency, Radiation Damage, and Blanket Technol.; p 237-249
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of solar cell welds by scanning acoustic microscopy (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Scanning laser acoustic microscopy was used to nondestructively evaluate solar cell interconnect bonds made by resistance welding. Both copper-silver and silver-silver welds were analyzed. The bonds were produced either by a conventional parallel-gap welding technique using rectangular electrodes or new annular gap design with a circular electrode cross section. With the scanning laser acoustic microscope, it was possible to produce a real time television image which reveales the weld configuration as it relates to electrode geometry. The effect of electrode misalinement with the surface of the cell was also determined. A preliminary metallographic analysis was performed on selected welds to establish the relationship between actual size and shape of the weld area and the information available from acoustic micrographs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol. 1982: High Efficiency, Radiation Damage, and Blanket Technol.; p 251-258
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  • 8
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    Annular Electrode Improves Solar-Cell Welds (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Improved method of electrical-resistance welding of solar-cell inter-connections developed by using an annular welding-electrode shape. Improved weld electrode consists of two coaxial cylinders, outer one with annular cross section and inner one with circular cross section. Possible annular weld-electrode configurations result in better quality welds for interconnecting solar-array elements.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: LEW-13804 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 6; 4; P. 468
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  • 9
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    Large area low-cost space solar cell development (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A development program to produce large-area (5.9 x 5.9 cm) space quality silicon solar cells with a cost goal of 30 $/watt is descibed. Five cell types under investigation include wraparound dielectric, mechanical wraparound and conventional contact configurations with combinations of 2 or 10 ohm-cm resistivity, back surface reflectors and/or fields, and diffused or ion implanted junctions. A single step process to cut cell and cover-glass simultaneously is being developed. A description of cell developments by Applied Solar Energy Corp., Spectrolab and Spire is included. Results are given for cell and array tests, performed by Lockheed, TRW and NASA. Future large solar arrays that might use cells of this type are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-82902 , E-1285 , NAS 1.15:82902
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  • 10
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    Low-reflection silicon solar cells (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Alteration of surface of silicon solar cell with chemical etchant prior to application of antireflection (AR) coating and encapsulant FEP Teflon, reduces surface reflectivity to 2%. Reduced reflection achieved occurs at all wavelengths resulting in improved short circuit current and spectral response. Improved collection efficiency is also expected.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: LEW-12418 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 2; 3; P. 3
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