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Evaluation of three herbaceous index plant species for bioavailability of soil cadmium, chromium, nickel and vanadium (1996)

Martin, H. W. ; Young, T. R. ; Kaplan, D. I. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 199-207

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: bioavailability ; cadmium ; chicory ; chromium ; Cichorium intybus ; contamination ; ecological risk assessment ; Erigeron canadensis ; Eupatorium capillifolium ; horseweed ; index plants ; index species ; metals ; nickel ; soil ; vanadium

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Uncultivated plants growing on disturbed sites may be useful for assessing the bioavailability of some metals in soils, and thus the potential for metal mobilization up the terrestrial food chain, an important element in ecological risk assessment. A planted chicory cultivar (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi.) and the uncultivated plants horseweed (Canada fleabane) (Erigeron canadensis L.) and dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small) were evaluated for their ability to act as index plant species for soil Cd, Cr, Ni, and V at two field sites where these metals had been applied five yr previously to two highly weathered sandy Ultisols. Soil Cd was available to all analyzed plant tissues of all three plant species at both sites, particularly on the sandier Blanton soil. Chicory was an effective index plant for Cd on the finer textured Orangeburg soil but functioned as an indicator plant (toxicity symptoms were observed) on the sandier Blanton soil. Horseweed and dogfennel were effective index plants for Cd in both contaminated soils. Soil Cr, Ni, and V were less bioavailable than soil Cd and plant metal uptake was more sensitive to residual soil Cr, Ni, and V than was soil extraction with double acid. Horseweed and chicory may have potential as index plants for soil Cr. Chicory may have potential as a Ni index plant. Chicory and dogfennel may have potential as V index plants.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029051

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Temporal Changes in Cadmium, Thallium, and Vanadium Mobility in Soil and Phytoavailability under Field Conditions (1998)

Martin, H. W. ; Kaplan, D. I.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 101 (1998), S. 399-410

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Keywords: bioavailability ; bush bean ; cadmium ; contamination ; heavy metal ; industrial waste ; mobility ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; sandy soil ; Savannah River Site ; soil ; thallium ; vanadium

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract A field study was conducted over a 30 mo period to examine movement of Cd, Tl, and V through the profile of a Coastal Plain soil (Typic Kandiudult) and the availability of these trace metals to bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. The metals were applied to field plots as dissolved salts and mixed into the surface 7.5 cm. The greatest concentration of all three metals was observed in the surface soils, with a steep decrease occurring down to the 7.5 to 15 cm depth. Thallium was the most mobile of the three metals; approximately 15% of the applied Tl and 〈3% of the applied Cd and V moved below the surface 7.5-cm region during the 30-mo experiment. Extractable concentrations of all three metals in the surface soils decreased significantly (P ≤0.05) during the initial 18 mo after treatment. No further decrease occurred between 18 and 30 mo. The presence of Al- and Fe-oxides and small amounts of clay minerals and organic matter in this highly-weathered, low cation-exchange soil were likely responsible for the retention of the trace metals. Bioavailability, as measured by concentrations and total amounts of metals in root and aboveground tissues of plants, did not change significantly between 18 and 30 mo. These data suggest that bioavailability of Cd, Tl, and V decreased over time as a result of transformation of these elements into unavailable forms and not to leaching. These changes in bioavailability occurred soon after application, becoming negligible after 18 mo.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004906313547

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Response of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings to soil-applied organo-borates (1988)

Kaplan, D. I. ; Burkman, W. G. ; Adriano, D. C.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 37 (1988), S. 73-83

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) is used to precipitate radiocesium from high-level nuclear wastes. Processing of these wastes will intensify in the future thereby increasing the possibility of the accidental release of NaTPB into the environment. Two greenhouse pot experiments using loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were conducted to evaluate the effects of NaTPB and one of its degradation by-products, diphenylboric acid (DPBA), on pine B nutrition and growth. The needle and root tissue concentrations of B were higher for NaTPB than DPBA treatments. Consequently, NaTPB but not DPBA had detrimental effects on plant growth. Seedlings that had significant yield detriments displayed typical B toxicity symptoms due to high-B stress. The distribution of B among the needles, stems and roots, expressed as percent of total B in the seedlings, remained relatively constant irrespective of the soil B level or B source. The peak of hot-water extractable soil B from the NaTPB treatments lagged about 20 days behind the DPBA treatments, suggesting a faster hydrolysis for the latter compound.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226481

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Vanadium: Toxicity and accumulation by beans (1990)

Kaplan, D. I. ; Adriano, D. C. ; Carlson, C. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 49 (1990), S. 81-91

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Hydroponic and rhizotron studies were conducted to determine the effect of V on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) biomass and mineral nutrition. In the hydroponic study, 6 mg V L−1 (as VOSO4) in the nutrient solution drastically altered soybean nutrition, and significantly reduced plant biomass. Vanadium accumulated in the roots but not in the aerial portions of the plants. The data support the hypothesis that tissue V and Ca contents are related with high concentrations of both elements in the roots, and low concentrations in the aerial portions of the plant. Analysis of data with the Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) identified Ca as deficient in aerial tissues. The changes in Ca concentrations induced by V treatment may also have antagonized the concentrations of others macronutrients, most notably K and Mg. DRIS also indicated that K, Mg, and Zn levels were relatively high. The rhizotron study, which dealt with bush beans grown in metal-treated soils, further showed that V was primarily concentrated in the roots of the plants, with very little accumulated in the aerial portions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279512

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Phytoavailability and toxicity of beryllium and vanadium (1990)

Kaplan, D. I. ; Sajwan, K. S. ; Adriano, D. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 53 (1990), S. 203-212

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of Be and V on collards (Brassica oleracea, var. acephala L.). In the laboratory germination study, incremental increases in the Be concentrations of the growing medium induced a steady decline in the radicle length of seven-day-old collard seedling. Beryllium concentrations greater than or equal to 8 mg Be L−1 totally inhibited seed germination. The presence of V in the growing medium had no effect on collard germination; however, it had a profound effect on subsequent radicle elongation. Concentrations of V less than 1 mg V L−1 stimulated radicle elongation, while concentrations greater than or equal to 3 mg V L−1 caused severe toxicity. In the greenhouse study, Be toxicity was observed in collards grown in a Blanton sand (Grossarenic Paleudult) received treatments greater than or equal to 150 mg Be kg −1 (as BeSO4). Irrespective of treatment level, 97% of the Be taken up by the plants remained in the roots while only 3% was translocated to aboveground plant parts. Vanadium tissue concentrations and toxicity to collards varied with soil type. Additions as low as 80 mg V kg−1 to the Blanton sand significantly reduced collard biomass while additions as high as 100 mg V kg−1 to an Orangebury loamy sand (Typic Paleudult) had no effect on plant biomass. The differential response was attributed to greater accumulation of V by plants grown in the Blanton soil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170737

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