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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-01-09
    Description: We have studied two samples of mantle diamond containing iron carbide inclusions from Jagersfontein kimberlite, South Africa. Syngenetic crystal growth is inferred using morphological characteristics. These samples provide an opportunity to investigate the isotopic partitioning of 13 C in a terrestrial natural high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) system. The difference for the δ 13 C values between the diamond and co-existing iron carbide averaged 7.2 ± 1.3 ‰. These data are consistent with available data from the literature showing iron carbide to be 13 C-depleted relative to elemental carbon (i.e. diamond). We infer that the minerals formed by crystallization of diamond and iron carbide at HPHT in the mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton. It is unclear whether crystallisation occurred in sub-cratonic or sub-lithospheric mantle; in addition, the source of the iron is also enigmatic. Nonetheless, textural coherence between diamond and iron carbide resulted in isotopic partitioning of 13 C between these two phases. These data suggest that significant isotopic fractionation of 13 C/ 12 C (∆ 13 C up to 〉7 ‰) can occur at HPHT in the terrestrial diamond stability field. We note that under reducing conditions at or below the iron-iron wustite redox buffer in a cratonic or deep mantle environment in Earth, the co-genesis of carbide and diamond may produce reservoirs of 13 C-depleted carbon that have conventionally been interpreted as crustal in origin. Finally, the large Δ 13 C for diamond-iron carbide shown here demonstrates Δ 13 C for silicate-metallic melts is a parameter that needs to be constrained to better determine the abundance of carbon within the Earth's metallic core.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-02
    Description: Article Recent samples have shown that the Moon's interior, previously thought to be anhydrous, contains water, yet how this water was delivered is unclear. Here, using isotopic analyses and modelling, Barnes et al . show that carbonaceous chondrite-type objects delivered 〉80% of the Moon's bulk water. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11684 Authors: Jessica J. Barnes, David A. Kring, Romain Tartèse, Ian A. Franchi, Mahesh Anand, Sara S. Russell
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-03-26
    Description: Author(s): A. Franchi, L. Farvacque, J. Chavanne, F. Ewald, B. Nash, K. Scheidt, and R. Tomás In this paper the influence of betatron coupling on the transverse beam emittances is described using the resonance driving terms formalism. Betatron coupling and vertical dispersion generated by magnetic and installation errors are major sources of vertical emittance. A new scheme for minimizing th... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 034002] Published Fri Mar 25, 2011
    Keywords: Single-Particle Dynamics
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Among the many ungrouped meteorites, Acfer 370, NWA 7135, and El Médano 301—probably along with the chondritic inclusion in Cumberland Falls and ALHA 78113—represent a homogeneous grouplet of strongly reduced forsterite‐rich chondrites characterized by common textural, chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic features. All of these meteorites are much more reduced than OCs, with a low iron content in olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene. In particular, Acfer 370 is a type 4 chondrite that has olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene compositional ranges of Fa 5.2–5.8 and Fs 9.4–33.4, respectively. The dominant phase is low‐Ca pyroxene (36.3 vol%), followed by Fe‐Ni metal (16.3 vol%) and olivine (15.5 vol%); nevertheless, considering the Fe‐oxyhydroxide (due to terrestrial weathering), the original metal content was around 29.6 vol%. Finally, the mean oxygen isotopic composition Δ17O = +0.68‰ along with the occurrence of a silica phase, troilite, Ni‐rich phosphides, chromite, and oldhamite confirms that these ungrouped meteorites have been affected by strong reduction and are different from any other group recognized so far.
    Print ISSN: 1086-9379
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5100
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1992-12-04
    Description: One hypothesis for the origin of the nanometer-size diamonds found at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary is that they are relict interstellar diamond grains carried by a postulated asteroid. The (13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N ratios of the diamonds from two sites in North America, however, show that the diamonds are two component mixtures differing in carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition and nitrogen abundance. Samples from a site from Italy show no evidence for either diamond component. All the isotopic signatures obtained from the K-T boundary are material well distinguished from known meteoritic diamonds, particularly the fine-grain interstellar diamonds that are abundant in primitive chondrites. The K-T diamonds were most likely produced during the impact of the asteroid with Earth or in a plasma resulting from the associated fireball.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilmour, I -- Russell, S S -- Arden, J W -- Lee, M R -- Franchi, I A -- Pillinger, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 4;258(5088):1624-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17742530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: The Na+/H+ antiporter, which regulates intracellular pH in virtually all cells, is one of the best examples of a mitogen- and oncogene-activated membrane target whose activity rapidly changes on stimulation. The activating mechanism is unknown. A Na+/H+ antiporter complementary DNA fragment was expressed in Escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein, and a specific antibody to the fusion protein was prepared. Use of this antibody revealed that the Na+/H+ antiporter is a 110-kilodalton glycoprotein that is phosphorylated in growing cells. Mitogenic activation of resting hamster fibroblasts and A431 human epidermoid cells with epidermal growth factor, thrombin, phorbol esters, or serum, stimulated phosphorylation of the Na+/H+ antiporter with a time course similar to that of the rise in intracellular pH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sardet, C -- Counillon, L -- Franchi, A -- Pouyssegur, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):723-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Biochimie-CNRS, Nice, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2154036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter ; Thrombin/pharmacology ; Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: Asteroidal material, delivered to Earth as meteorites, preserves a record of the earliest stages of planetary formation. High-precision oxygen isotope analyses for the two major groups of stony-iron meteorites (main-group pallasites and mesosiderites) demonstrate that each group is from a distinct asteroidal source. Mesosiderites are isotopically identical to the howardite-eucrite-diogenite clan and, like them, are probably derived from the asteroid 4 Vesta. Main-group pallasites represent intermixed core-mantle material from a single disrupted asteroid and have no known equivalents among the basaltic meteorites. The stony-iron meteorites demonstrate that intense asteroidal deformation accompanied planetary accretion in the early Solar System.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenwood, R C -- Franchi, I A -- Jambon, A -- Barrat, J A -- Burbine, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1763-5. Epub 2006 Aug 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK. r.c.greenwood@open.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Evolution, Planetary ; *Meteoroids ; *Minor Planets ; *Oxygen Isotopes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownlee, Don -- Tsou, Peter -- Aleon, Jerome -- Alexander, Conel M O'd -- Araki, Tohru -- Bajt, Sasa -- Baratta, Giuseppe A -- Bastien, Ron -- Bland, Phil -- Bleuet, Pierre -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brearley, Adrian -- Brenker, F -- Brennan, Sean -- Bridges, John C -- Browning, Nigel D -- Brucato, John R -- Bullock, E -- Burchell, Mark J -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Chaussidon, Marc -- Cheuvront, Allan -- Chi, Miaofang -- Cintala, Mark J -- Clark, B C -- Clemett, Simon J -- Cody, George -- Colangeli, Luigi -- Cooper, George -- Cordier, Patrick -- Daghlian, C -- Dai, Zurong -- D'Hendecourt, Louis -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Dominguez, Gerardo -- Duxbury, Tom -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Ebel, Denton S -- Economou, Thanasis E -- Fakra, Sirine -- Fairey, Sam A J -- Fallon, Stewart -- Ferrini, Gianluca -- Ferroir, T -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Floss, Christine -- Flynn, George -- Franchi, Ian A -- Fries, Marc -- Gainsforth, Z -- Gallien, J-P -- Genge, Matt -- Gilles, Mary K -- Gillet, Philipe -- Gilmour, Jamie -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Grady, Monica M -- Graham, Giles A -- Grant, P G -- Green, Simon F -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Grossman, Lawrence -- Grossman, Jeffrey N -- Guan, Yunbin -- Hagiya, Kenji -- Harvey, Ralph -- Heck, Philipp -- Herzog, Gregory F -- Hoppe, Peter -- Horz, Friedrich -- Huth, Joachim -- Hutcheon, Ian D -- Ignatyev, Konstantin -- Ishii, Hope -- Ito, Motoo -- Jacob, Damien -- Jacobsen, Chris -- Jacobsen, Stein -- Jones, Steven -- Joswiak, David -- Jurewicz, Amy -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Khodja, H -- Kilcoyne, A L David -- Kissel, Jochen -- Krot, Alexander -- Langenhorst, Falko -- Lanzirotti, Antonio -- Le, Loan -- Leshin, Laurie A -- Leitner, J -- Lemelle, L -- Leroux, Hugues -- Liu, Ming-Chang -- Luening, K -- Lyon, Ian -- Macpherson, Glen -- Marcus, Matthew A -- Marhas, Kuljeet -- Marty, Bernard -- Matrajt, Graciela -- McKeegan, Kevin -- Meibom, Anders -- Mennella, Vito -- Messenger, Keiko -- Messenger, Scott -- Mikouchi, Takashi -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Nakano, T -- Newville, M -- Nittler, Larry R -- Ohnishi, Ichiro -- Ohsumi, Kazumasa -- Okudaira, Kyoko -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Palma, Russ -- Palumbo, Maria E -- Pepin, Robert O -- Perkins, David -- Perronnet, Murielle -- Pianetta, P -- Rao, William -- Rietmeijer, Frans J M -- Robert, Francois -- Rost, D -- Rotundi, Alessandra -- Ryan, Robert -- Sandford, Scott A -- Schwandt, Craig S -- See, Thomas H -- Schlutter, Dennis -- Sheffield-Parker, J -- Simionovici, Alexandre -- Simon, Steven -- Sitnitsky, I -- Snead, Christopher J -- Spencer, Maegan K -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Steele, Andrew -- Stephan, Thomas -- Stroud, Rhonda -- Susini, Jean -- Sutton, S R -- Suzuki, Y -- Taheri, Mitra -- Taylor, Susan -- Teslich, Nick -- Tomeoka, Kazu -- Tomioka, Naotaka -- Toppani, Alice -- Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M -- Troadec, David -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Tuzzolino, Anthony J -- Tyliszczak, Tolek -- Uesugi, K -- Velbel, Michael -- Vellenga, Joe -- Vicenzi, E -- Vincze, L -- Warren, Jack -- Weber, Iris -- Weisberg, Mike -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wirick, Sue -- Wooden, Diane -- Wopenka, Brigitte -- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope -- Wright, Ian -- Yabuta, Hikaru -- Yano, Hajime -- Young, Edward D -- Zare, Richard N -- Zega, Thomas -- Ziegler, Karen -- Zimmerman, Laurent -- Zinner, Ernst -- Zolensky, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1711-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. brownlee@astro.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Organics found in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some organics are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous meteorites. A class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in oxygen and nitrogen compared with meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than are meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-15 excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. Although the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandford, Scott A -- Aleon, Jerome -- Alexander, Conel M O'd -- Araki, Tohru -- Bajt, Sasa -- Baratta, Giuseppe A -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brownlee, Donald E -- Brucato, John R -- Burchell, Mark J -- Busemann, Henner -- Butterworth, Anna -- Clemett, Simon J -- Cody, George -- Colangeli, Luigi -- Cooper, George -- D'Hendecourt, Louis -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Dworkin, Jason P -- Ferrini, Gianluca -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Flynn, George J -- Franchi, Ian A -- Fries, Marc -- Gilles, Mary K -- Glavin, Daniel P -- Gounelle, Matthieu -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Jacobsen, Chris -- Keller, Lindsay P -- Kilcoyne, A L David -- Leitner, Jan -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Meibom, Anders -- Mennella, Vito -- Mostefaoui, Smail -- Nittler, Larry R -- Palumbo, Maria E -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Robert, Francois -- Rotundi, Alessandra -- Snead, Christopher J -- Spencer, Maegan K -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Steele, Andrew -- Stephan, Thomas -- Tsou, Peter -- Tyliszczak, Tolek -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wirick, Sue -- Wopenka, Brigitte -- Yabuta, Hikaru -- Zare, Richard N -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1720-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; Cosmic Dust/analysis ; Deuterium/analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Organic Chemicals/*analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis ; Spacecraft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed ( approximately 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, George J -- Bleuet, Pierre -- Borg, Janet -- Bradley, John P -- Brenker, Frank E -- Brennan, Sean -- Bridges, John -- Brownlee, Don E -- Bullock, Emma S -- Burghammer, Manfred -- Clark, Benton C -- Dai, Zu Rong -- Daghlian, Charles P -- Djouadi, Zahia -- Fakra, Sirine -- Ferroir, Tristan -- Floss, Christine -- Franchi, Ian A -- Gainsforth, Zack -- Gallien, Jean-Paul -- Gillet, Philippe -- Grant, Patrick G -- Graham, Giles A -- Green, Simon F -- Grossemy, Faustine -- Heck, Philipp R -- Herzog, Gregory F -- Hoppe, Peter -- Horz, Friedrich -- Huth, Joachim -- Ignatyev, Konstantin -- Ishii, Hope A -- Janssens, Koen -- Joswiak, David -- Kearsley, Anton T -- Khodja, Hicham -- Lanzirotti, Antonio -- Leitner, Jan -- Lemelle, Laurence -- Leroux, Hugues -- Luening, Katharina -- Macpherson, Glenn J -- Marhas, Kuljeet K -- Marcus, Matthew A -- Matrajt, Graciela -- Nakamura, Tomoki -- Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko -- Nakano, Tsukasa -- Newville, Matthew -- Papanastassiou, Dimitri A -- Pianetta, Piero -- Rao, William -- Riekel, Christian -- Rietmeijer, Frans J M -- Rost, Detlef -- Schwandt, Craig S -- See, Thomas H -- Sheffield-Parker, Julie -- Simionovici, Alexandre -- Sitnitsky, Ilona -- Snead, Christopher J -- Stadermann, Frank J -- Stephan, Thomas -- Stroud, Rhonda M -- Susini, Jean -- Suzuki, Yoshio -- Sutton, Stephen R -- Taylor, Susan -- Teslich, Nick -- Troadec, D -- Tsou, Peter -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Uesugi, Kentaro -- Vekemans, Bart -- Vicenzi, Edward P -- Vincze, Laszlo -- Westphal, Andrew J -- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope -- Zinner, Ernst -- Zolensky, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1731-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA. george.flynn@plattsburgh.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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