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  • 1
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    Plain Concrete linearized Stiffness Diminution Modeling Subjected to Different Stresses-Strain Relationship Models (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Linearized stiffness diminution, which is correlated with material damage characteristic, is the major parameters due to modeling of granular material behavior such as plain concrete subjected to cyclic loading. Many damage equations in tension and compression states are proposed in the literatures, however, they produces different damages considering the concepts of the equation's development without any capability of fitting and calibration of produced damages curves with any arbitrary test records. In the present paper, the new equations of concrete damages in the tension and compression state with calibration capability based on the two separated damage indices are developed based on linear interpolation hypothesis. In the result, it is shown that the present equations can be produced the damage parameters close to experimental data.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Externally Prestressed Monolithic and Segmental Concrete Beams under Torsion: a Comparative Finite Element Study (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Externally Prestressed segmental beams are widely used in the construction of bridge structures today. These beams have many attractive advantages for rehabilitation and strengthening of existing structures as well. However, segmental beams experience significant effect under combined stresses at the joint interfaces between segments. This paper presents a finite element study on the effect of torsion on the structural behavior of both external prestressed monolithic and segmental concrete beams. Geometric and material nonlinearities were included in the study. The results show significant difference in the behavior of monolithic and segmental beams under torsion.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Tracking Open Versus Closed‐Canopy Boreal Forest Using the Geochemistry of Lake Sediment Deposits (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Identifying geochemical paleo‐proxies of vegetation type in watersheds could become a powerful tool for paleoecological studies of ecosystem dynamics, particularly when commonly used proxies, such as pollen grains, are not suitable. In order to identify new paleological proxies to distinguish ecosystem types in lake records, we investigated the differences in the sediment geochemistry of lakes surrounded by two boreal forest ecosystems dominated by the same tree species: closed‐canopy black spruce‐moss forests (MF) and open‐canopy black spruce‐lichen woodlands (LW). This study was designed as a first calibration step between terrestrial modern soils and lacustrine sediments (0–1000 cal yr BP) on six lake watersheds. In a previous study, differences in the physical and geochemical properties of forest soils had been observed between these two modern ecosystems. Here we show that the geochemical properties of the sediments varied between the six lakes studied. While we did not identify geochemical indicators that could solely distinguish both ecosystem types in modern sediments, we observed intriguing differences in concentrations of C:N ratio, carbon isotopic ratio, and aluminum oxide species, and in the stabilization of their geochemical properties with depth. The C accumulation rates at millennial scale were significantly higher in MF watersheds than in LW watersheds. We suggest that these variations could result from organic matter inflows that fluctuate depending on forest density and ground vegetation cover. Further investigations on these highlighted geochemistry markers need to be performed to confirm whether they can be used to detect shifts in vegetation conditions that have occurred in the past.
    Print ISSN: 2169-8953
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8961
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Simple and Sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Transdermally Applied Flurbiprofen in Rat Plasma and Excised Skin Samples (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-20
    Print ISSN: 0009-5893
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-1112
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Reversal of bone loss in mice by nongenotropic signaling of sex steroids (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: We show that sex steroids protect the adult murine skeleton through a mechanism that is distinct from that used to preserve the mass and function of reproductive organs. The classical genotropic actions of sex steroid receptors are dispensable for their bone protective effects, but essential for their effects on reproductive tissues. A synthetic ligand (4-estren-3alpha,17beta-diol) that reproduces the nongenotropic effects of sex steroids, without affecting classical transcription, increases bone mass and strength in ovariectomized females above the level of the estrogen-replete state and is at least as effective as dihydrotestosterone in orchidectomized males, without affecting reproductive organs. Such ligands merit investigation as potential therapeutic alternatives to hormone replacement for osteoporosis in both women and men [corrected].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kousteni, S -- Chen, J R -- Bellido, T -- Han, L -- Ali, A A -- O'Brien, C A -- Plotkin, L -- Fu, Q -- Mancino, A T -- Wen, Y -- Vertino, A M -- Powers, C C -- Stewart, S A -- Ebert, R -- Parfitt, A M -- Weinstein, R S -- Jilka, R L -- Manolagas, S C -- KO2-AR02127/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-AG13918/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):843-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Compressive Strength/drug effects ; Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrenes/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Orchiectomy ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Osteoblasts/*drug effects/physiology ; Osteocalcin/blood ; Osteoclasts/*drug effects/physiology ; Osteogenesis/drug effects ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Ovariectomy ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Seminal Vesicles/drug effects ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterus/drug effects/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The contribution of N2O3 to the cytotoxicity of the nitric donor drug DETA/NO; an emerging role for S-nitrosylation (2013)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: The relationship between the biological activity of nitric oxide and its chemistry is complex. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of oxygen tension on the cytotoxicity of the NO˙ donor DETA/NO and to determine the effects of oxygen tension on the key reactive nitrogen species responsible for any subsequent toxicity. The findings presented in this study indicate that the DETA/NO-mediated cytotoxic effects were enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Further investigations revealed that neither peroxynitrite nor nitroxyl was generated. Fluorometric analysis in the presence of scavengers suggest for the first time that another reactive nitrogen species, dinitrogen trioxide may be responsible for the cytotoxicity with DETA/NO. Results showed destabilization of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) and depletion of glutathione levels following treatment with DETA/NO under hypoxia which renders cells more susceptible to DETA/NO cytotoxicity, and could account for another mechanism of DETA/NO cytotoxicity under hypoxia. In addition there was significant accumulation of nuclear p53 which showed that p53 itself might be a target for S-nitrosylation following treatment with DETA/NO. Both the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the Fas extrinsic apoptotic pathway were also activated. Finally GAPDH is another important S-nitrosylated protein that may possibly play a key role in DETA/NO-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Therefore this study elucidates further mechanisms of DETA/NO mediated cytotoxicity with respect to S-nitrosylation that is emerging as a key player in the signalling and detection of DETA/NO modified proteins in the tumour microenvironment.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical study of the bonding in sulfur- and oxygen-containing molybdenum species of the general formula MoSnO4-n2- (n = 0-4) (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 28 (1989), S. 3297-3305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00316a010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clivonidine, a New Alkaloid from Clivia miniata (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 46 (1983), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50027a009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of tropospheric CO2 and O3 enrichments and moisture variations on microbial biomass and respiration in soil (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) is a sensitive indicator of trends in organic matter dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of tropospheric CO2 or O3 enrichments and moisture variations on total soil organic C (Corg), mineralizable C fraction (CMin), Cmic, maintenance respiratory (qCO2) or Cmic death (qD) quotients, and their relationship with basal respiration (BR) rates and field respiration (FR) fluxes in wheat-soybean agroecosystems. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr) plants were grown to maturity in 3-m dia open-top field chambers and exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) air at 350 μL CO2 L−1; CF air + 150 μL CO2 L−1; nonfiltered (NF) air + 35 nL O3 L−1; and NF air + 35 nL O3 L−1 + 150 μL CO2 L−1 at optimum (− 0.05 MPa) and restricted soil moisture (− 1.0 ± 0.05 MPa) regimes. The + 150 μL CO2 L−1 additions were 18 h d−1 and the + 35 nL O3 L−1 treatments were 7 h d−1 from April until late October. While Corg did not vary consistently, CMin, Cmic and Cmic fractions increased in soils under tropospheric CO2 enrichment (500 μL CO2 L−1) and decreased under high O3 exposures (55 ± 6 nL O3 L−1 for wheat; 60 ± 5 nL O3 L−1 for soybean) compared to the CF treatments (25 ± 5 nL O3 L−1). The qCO2 or qD quotients of Cmic were also significantly decreased in soils under high CO2 but increased under high O3 exposures compared to the CF control. The BR rates did not vary consistently but they were higher in well-watered soils. The FR fluxes were lower under high O3 exposures compared to soils under the CF control. An increase in Cmic or Cmic fractions and decrease in qCO2 or qD observed under high CO2 treatment suggest that these soils were acting as C sinks whereas, reductions in Cmic or Cmic fractions and increase in qCO2 or qD in soils under elevated tropospheric O3 exposures suggest the soils were serving as a source of CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00307.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determining the thermal activation parameters of plastic deformation of metals from data on the kinetics of creep and relaxation of mechanical stresses (1979)
    Springer
    Strength of materials 11 (1979), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9325
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00767575
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