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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: Turbulence is ubiquitous, from oceanic currents to small-scale biological and quantum systems. Self-sustained turbulent motion in microbial suspensions presents an intriguing example of collective dynamical behavior among the simplest forms of life and is important for fluid mixing and molecular transport on the microscale. The mathematical characterization of turbulence phenomena...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Myelination of the central nervous system requires the generation of functionally mature oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Electrically active neurons may influence OPC function and selectively instruct myelination of an active neural circuit. In this work, we use optogenetic stimulation of the premotor cortex in awake, behaving mice to demonstrate that neuronal activity elicits a mitogenic response of neural progenitor cells and OPCs, promotes oligodendrogenesis, and increases myelination within the deep layers of the premotor cortex and subcortical white matter. We further show that this neuronal activity-regulated oligodendrogenesis and myelination is associated with improved motor function of the corresponding limb. Oligodendrogenesis and myelination appear necessary for the observed functional improvement, as epigenetic blockade of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin changes prevents the activity-regulated behavioral improvement.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Erin M -- Purger, David -- Mount, Christopher W -- Goldstein, Andrea K -- Lin, Grant L -- Wood, Lauren S -- Inema, Ingrid -- Miller, Sarah E -- Bieri, Gregor -- Zuchero, J Bradley -- Barres, Ben A -- Woo, Pamelyn J -- Vogel, Hannes -- Monje, Michelle -- 1S10RR02678001/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY10257/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020016/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025744/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):1252304. doi: 10.1126/science.1252304. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Thy-1/genetics ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Corpus Callosum/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/*metabolism ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/*metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology ; Rhodopsin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-02-10
    Description: Speciated particle-phase organic nitrates (pONs) were quantified using online chemical ionization MS during June and July of 2013 in rural Alabama as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study. A large fraction of pONs is highly functionalized, possessing between six and eight oxygen atoms within each carbon number group,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-11-03
    Description: Static three-dimensional (3-D) reservoir analog models were constructed for the Miocene terminal carbonate complex (TCC) in southeastern Spain. The models used field data collected from two areas containing exceptional 3-D exposures (La Molata; La Rellana-Ricardillo). Four TCC sequences in each area are composed of oolite, microbialite (thrombolites, stromatolites), bioclastic sands, and coralgal reefs deposited over paleotopographic relief of 33–76 m (108–249 ft). The models integrate field, laboratory, and petrophysical data with results providing a workflow and reservoir analogs useful in evaluating oolilte and microbialite reservoir characteristics in relation to paleotopography and sea level change. Results from this study reveal favorable reservoir-quality values with the potential for substantial hydrocarbon storage for many lithofacies. Flow and baffle facies were distinguished for the models based on thickness, lateral distribution, porosity, and permeability values. Trough cross-bedded ooid grainstone is volumetrically the most abundant lithofacies within both models, is laterally extensive across the entirety of sequences, has large storage capacities with good permeability, and has good connectivity with other flow facies. This facies represents the best reservoir-quality facies and would be the primary target for hydrocarbon exploitation. Microbialites act both as reservoir and baffle facies. Thrombolites, in particular, are concentrated downslope and in a more restricted embayment but vary between porous and nonporous facies. Stromatolites and fenestral ooid grainstones are concentrated at sequence boundaries and would create laterally extensive baffles with significant thicknesses at the sequence boundaries. Sea level interacting with both paleotopography and paleogeography were identified as the main controls on sequence development and reservoir heterogeneity. An understanding of these controls can aid in exploitation and identification of oolite-microbialite sequences.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-02-11
    Description: A workflow is presented for constructing an outcrop-based static geological model for Miocene heterozoan, photozoan, oolitic and microbial carbonates in SE Spain. Fieldwork and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data were integrated to create a photorealistic virtual outcrop. Field-based data are depicted on the virtual outcrop, and used to identify and correlate horizons. Multivariate regression is used to extend stratigraphic horizons away from the outcrop and to create realistic time-equivalent model layers. Mapping and measured stratigraphic sections are used to assign depofacies within model layers. Pinning points are used to reconstruct sea-level history, and palaeotopography is used to define palaeobathymetry. Geospatial analysis of depofacies occurrence is used to extrapolate facies while also enforcing palaeobathymetric controls on depofacies distribution. Dolomitization and meteoric calcite cementation are dominant diagenetic products affecting porosity and permeability. Their distribution was mapped in the field and amounts were quantified in the laboratory, and these were used to populate diagenetic products into geomodel cells. Six scenario models were built to represent different stages and combinations of diagenetic effects on porosity and permeability. Construction of the static geological models required the development of new methods. These include: (1) a new workflow to extend clinoform surfaces across the model area by fitting equations to horizon picks made on the outcrop; (2) a new workflow relating relative sea level to model layers to allow calculation of palaeo-water depth and relate that to facies probability; and; (3) an experimental application to predict porosity and permeability from objective visual descriptions of carbonate samples.
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Oceans, coasts, and islands are essential to global sustainable development. The oceans, comprising 72% of the earth’s surface, play an essential life-support function without which life on earth would not be possible. 50% of the world’s population lives in coastal areas, and 44 of the world’s nations are small island developing States (SIDS) which are especially dependent on the oceans. Human populations everywhere depend on the oceans for food, energy, transportation, tourism, and other uses. Oceans, coasts, and islands thus do not represent a special or sectoral interest and concern—they are essential to global well-being. Achieving sustainable development in oceans, coasts, and islands thus would go a long way towards achieving global sustainable development.
    Description: Center for the Study of Marine Policy Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission United Nations Environment Programme
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Oceans ; Sustainable development ; Coasts ; Islands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 1524782 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 105 (1943), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Auf Grund der chemischen Konstitution, d. h. der Anordnung der Atome im Molekül und des innermolekularen Bindungszustandes, der faserbildenden vollsynthetischen Hochpolymeren ergibt sich eine Einteilung dieser Stoffe in a. die polymeren Kohlenwasserstoffe und ihre Derivate, sowie die polymeren Äther (z. B. Polystyrol, Polyvinylchlorid, PolyÄthylenoxyd u. a. m.), b. die „mesomeren Kettenpolymeren“, bei denen mesomere Gruppen (wie Amid-, Ester-, Harnstoffgruppen u. a. m.) am Aufbau der Hauptkette beteiligt, d.h. in ihr als Kettenbestandteil enthalten sind. Zur Bezeichnung des tatsÄchlich vorliegenden Zwischenzustandes dieser mesomeren Gruppen wird der Begriff „Meta-Zwitterion“ vorgeschlagen. 2. Aus den chemischen Konstitutionsformeln, die in der neueren Formulierung auch die Ladungsverteilung abzulesen gestatten, wird unter Berücksichtigung sterischer VerhÄltnisse auf den zwischenmolekularen Bindungszustand geschlossen. 3. Bei den Polymeren der Gruppe a sind im wesentlichen ungerichtete DispersionskrÄfte wirksam, es entsteht eine „Wattebauschstruktur“ ohne ausgeprÄgte autonome Ordnung. 4. Bei den mesomeren Kettenpolymeren sind im wesentlichen gerichtete DipolkrÄfte wirksam, es entsteht eine mizellare Struktur mit ausgeprÄgter autonomer Ordnung. 5. Für den zwischen den Meta-Zwitterionen der mesomeren Kettenpolymeren herrschenden Bindungszustand wird der Begriff „Meta-Ionen-Beziehung“ geprÄgt. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, da\ die allen gemeinsame Kolloidstruktur und damit die Ähnlichkeit der physikalischen Eigenschaften der verschiedenen mesomeren Kettenpolymeren ihre Ursache in dem Vorliegen der allen gemeinsamen Meta-Ionen-Beziehung, also letzten Endes in der Ähnlichen chemischen Konstitution hat. 6. Es wird vorgeschlagen, für den zwischenmolekularen Bindungszustand bei mesomeren Kettenpolymeren mit Wasserstoff am Stickstoff nicht die Bezeichnung „Wasserstoffbindung“ anzuwenden. Auch hier sollte vielmehr die Meta-Ionen-Beziehung herausgestellt werden, nötigenfalls unter Hinweis auf die mögliche zwischenmolekulare Mesomerie Meta-Ionen-Beziehung “ Wasserstoffbindung. Hierdurch tritt die Zugehörigkeit dieser Stoffe zur Gruppe der mesomeren Kettenpolymeren deutlich hervor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 106 (1943), S. 187-201 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Celiac disease (CeD), caused by immune reactions to cereal gluten, is treated with gluten -elimination diets. Within hours of gluten exposure, either perorally or extraorally by intradermal injection, treated patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms. To test whether gluten exposure leads to systemic cytokine production time -related to symptoms, series of multiplex cytokine measurements were obtained in CeD patients after gluten challenge. Peptide injection elevated at least 15 plasma cytokines, with IL-2, IL-8, and IL-10 being most prominent (fold-change increase at 4 hours of 272, 11, and 1.2, respectively). IL-2 and IL-8 were the only cytokines elevated at 2 hours, preceding onset of symptoms. After gluten ingestion, IL-2 was the earliest and most prominent cytokine (15-fold change at 4 hours). Supported by studies of patient-derived gluten-specific T cell clones and primary lymphocytes, our observations indicate that gluten-specific CD4〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 T cells are rapidly reactivated by antigen -exposure likely causing CeD-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-25
    Print ISSN: 1470-269X
    Electronic ISSN: 1473-1150
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer Nature
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