ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental proof of saturation in nonresonant multiple-photon ionization (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1314-1316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Saturation in nonresonant multiple-photon ionization is directly proved by a novel two-pulse technique. Ultrashort laser pulses with a pulse duration of 17.5 ps are used for multiple-photon ionization. They provide experimental conditions which allow double-pulse experiments on sub-ns time-scales. Data of saturation intensities and cross sections are derived from the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357792
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODELLING THE IMPACTS OF DOMESTIC WATER CONSERVATION ON THE SUSTAIN ABILITY OF THE URBAN SEWERAGE SYSTEM (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A computer model was developed to evaluate the impact of various technologies for water conservation in domestic households, in terms of the Impact on the operation of downstream infrastructure. These technologies, which include (a) low-flush toilets, (b) greywater re-use, and (c) re-use of rainwater from roof runoff for toilet flushing, were compared using indicators of sustainability to measure water consumption, sewerage-system operational performance and process treatment efficiency. The results demonstrated that rainwater re-use is potentially the most sustainable strategy in terms of the benefits associated with water conservation and reduction in sewage discharges from combined-sewer overflows (CSOs). The benefits were observed without the problems associated with increased sedimentation in sewers during dry weather, associated with other water-conservation strategies such as reduced-flush toilets, greywater re-use and the resultant increase in pollutants from CSOs during wet weather.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00548.x
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical aspects of the rare-earth effect (1992)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 38 (1992), S. 255-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: reactive-element effect ; fracture mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to gain a better understanding of the reactive-element effect (REE), the improvement of the oxidation behavior of chromia- or alumina-scale-forming alloys by the addition of small amounts of elements with higher affinity to oxygen than the scale-forming element, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between isothermal oxidation and the behavior of the metal/oxide composite system during cooling. An approach is presented based on fracture-mechanical considerations which correlates critical differential strain between scale and substrate, fracture toughness of the metal/scale interface, scale thickness, defect size and interfacial amplitude. This approach allows a quantitative assessment of the REE for scale adhesion, and although the necessary experimental data are yet lacking, it describes the reported REE in a qualitatively correct manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666914
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of isothermal oxidation of the intel-metallic TiAl and of TiAl alloys (1992)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 38 (1992), S. 425-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation mechanism ; TiAl ; TiAl alloys ; air ; oxygen ; nitridation ; Ti-Al-O phase diagram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of Ti36Al, Ti35Al-0.1C, Ti35Al-1.4V-0.1C, and Ti35 Al-5Nb-0.1C (mass-%) in air and oxygen has been studied between 700 and 1000°C with the major emphasis at 900°C. Generally an oxide scale consisting of two layers, an outward- and an inward-growing layer, formed. The outward-growing part of the scale consisted mainly of TiO2 (rutile), while the inward-growing part is composed of a mixture of TiO2 and α-Al2O3. A barrier layer of Al2O3 on TiAl between the inner and the outer part of the scale was visible for up to 300 hr. Under certain conditions, the Al2O3 barrier dissolved and re-precipitated in the outer TiO2 layer. This “shift” leads to an effect similar to breakaway oxidation. Only the alloy containing Nb formed a longlasting, protective Al2O3 layer, which was established at the metal/scale interface after an incubation period of 80–100 hr. During this time, Nb was enriched in the subsurface zone up to approximately 20 w/o. The growth of the oxide scale on TiAl-V obeyed a parabolic law, because no Al2O3 barrier layer formed; large Al2O3 particles were part of the outward-growing layer. A brittle α2-Ti3Al-layer rich in O formed beneath the oxide scale as a result of preferential Al oxidation particularly when oxidized in oxygen. Oxidation in air can lead also to formation of nitrides beneath the oxide scale. The nitridation can vary between the formation of isolated nitride particles and of a metal/Ti2AlN/ TiN/oxide, scale-layer system. Under certain conditions, nitride-layer formation seemed to favor protective Al2O23 formation at the metal/scale interface, however, in general nitridation was detrimental with the consequence that oxidation was generally more rapid in air than in oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665663
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal Oxidation of α2-Ti3Al (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 54 (2000), S. 121-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: titanium aluminides ; oxidation ; oxygen-affected zone ; alpha case ; TEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The isothermal oxidation behavior of binary Ti–25 at.% Al was studiedat 1073, 1173, and 1273 K in air and oxygen with emphasis on themicrostructure of the subsurface zone underneath the external oxidescale. Thermogravimetric analysis, acoustic-emission (AE) analysis, lightmicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) werecarried out. Three layers could be identified in the subsurface regionconsisting of an internal oxidation zone of α-Al2O3,and α-Ti, a ternary phase with the empirical formulaTi–21Al–15O (at.%), and an oxygen penetration zone consisting ofα2-Ti3Al(O).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004606830538
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation and cracking behavior of protective oxide scales on heat-resistant steels under tensile strain (1985)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 24 (1985), S. 199-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: heat-resistant steels ; nickel ; oxide-scale cracking ; acoustic emission ; constant extension-rate tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The deformation and cracking behavior of oxide scales formed in air on four heat-resistant steels and on nickel 99.6 have been studied in constant-extension-rate tests at 800°C. The strain rates in the experiments ranged between 10−6 and 10−9 s−1. Acoustic emission (AE) was used as an instrument for detecting the beginning of scale cracking. Additionally, metallographic, SEM, and micro-probe investigations were performed which supported the results from the AE measurements. The strain-to-cracking of the scales did not exceed 0.5% except when lateral growth effects in the oxide scales occurred, leading to critical strains of up to nearly 2.5%. Also the crack distribution in the scales was measured. The deformation and cracking behavior of the scales investigated could be explained by model like considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00664232
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of the scale on a 9.5Cr steel under cyclical deformation of the base metal (1988)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 30 (1988), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: 9.5Cr steel ; corrosion-LCF interaction ; scale cracking ; healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Low cycle fatigue tests have been performed with a 9.5Cr steel at 650°C in air with ramp rates of 7.5 10−8−7.5 10−7 sec−1 and deformation amplitudes of ±1% (R=−1). LCF deformation enhances the uniform scale growth as well as nodule formation. This enhancement is caused by repeated scale cracking in the tensile periods of the LCF cycles. The crack-healing process is very rapid and occurs during the deformation process. These processes lead to the formation of a scale rich in iron, because the chromium content of the alloy is too low for protective scale healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656645
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isothermal-oxidation behavior of several nickel-base single-crystal superalloys with and without coatings (1993)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 39 (1993), S. 231-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; single-crystal superalloys ; coating ; reactive-element effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several commercial single-crystal superalloys (CMSX-2, CMSX-3, CMSX-4, CMSX-6, SRR 99) and some laboratory versions of one of them (CMSX-4) with various Y-additions were investigated concerning their oxidation resistance in air at temperatures between 800 and 1200°C. The investigations also included two materials (CMSX-6, SRR 99) with an RT-22 coating. Weight change was recorded for times of up to 1000 hr (in some cases up to 1600 hr). Oxidized coatings and substrates were characterized by metallography, SEM, and microprobe analysis. Most of the alloys showed good oxidation resistance up to 1000°C, while there was complete spalling during cooling after oxidation at 1150°C and 1200°C for the uncoated and Y-free alloys. Coated alloys were superior, however the best behavior was shown by a laboratory version of CMSX-4 containing between 10 and 60 ppm Y. Interdiffusion at 1000°C is tolerable for the coated alloys, but there was extremely rapid degradation of the coating by interdiffusion at 1200°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665614
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of oxide scales on alloy 800 H and HK 40 during thermal cycling (1993)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 40 (1993), S. 37-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: cyclic oxidation ; alloy 800 H ; HK 40 ; acoustic emission ; oxide-scale failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic oxidation causes degradation of alloys used in the chemical and petrochemical industries. In this paper, the behavior of the protective oxide scales formed on Alloy 800 H and HK 40 was investigated under thermalcycling conditions with upper-hold temperatures of 900°C (Alloy 800 H) and 950°C (HK 40). The atmospheres in the tests were air, air+0.5% SO 2 and Ar-5%H 2 -50%H 2 O. Tests were accompanied by acoustic-emission measurements in order to detect scale failure in situ during the experiments. During cooling the scales were under compression which led to spalling when critical stress values were reached in the scales. The outer-spinel partial layers are more prone to spallation, and the presence of SO 2 increases the amount of acoustic-emission activity (scale damage). In the case of HK 40 the oxide scales on the as-cast surfaces showed better spallation resistance than those on the ground surfaces. Quantitative model considerations were able to describe the spallation behavior of the protective scales investigated, and critical-temperature-drop diagrams for scale failure are given. The model approach was supported by results from the acoustic-emission measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665258
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The deformation behavior of NiO scales on Ni in argon and air at temperatures from 20 to 800°C with respect to the relief of growth stresses (1994)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 42 (1994), S. 109-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: acoustic emission measurements ; compression testing ; nickel oxide ; oxide-scale failure ; pseudoplasticity ; TEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Stresses formed in oxide scales due to oxide growth are usually of a compressive nature, and there is still some debate on how these stresses are accommodated. While the deformation behavior of oxide scales under tensile stresses can be regarded as fairly well understood, there are many open questions concerning scale deformation and cracking under compressive straining. Therefore, the NiO scale formed on two different grades of Ni was chosen as a model system for compression tests with strain rates ranging from 8×10−4 to 8×10−8 s−1 in the temperature range of 20 to 800°C. Test environments were air and argon, and accompanying acoustic-emission measurements were taken in order to detect the beginning of oxide-scale cracking during straining. As a result the critical-strain values at the beginning of mechanical-scale damage could be determined quantitatively and explained consistently by model considerations. Furthermore, SEM and TEM investigations, backed up by sulfur decoration of microcracks at the end of the tests, revealed that at elevated temperatures a major deformation mechanism under these conditions takes the form of dynamic equilibrium of continuous microcracking with superimposed oxide-healing processes, making compressive strains of 10% and more possible without macroscopic scale failure. It is, therefore, assumed that a major mechanism of growth stress relief in oxide scales occurs via microcracking and scalecrack healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061927
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...