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  • 1
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    Antibiotic stress-induced modulation of the endoribonucleolytic activity of RNase III and RNase G confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in Escherichia coli (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Here, we report a resistance mechanism that is induced through the modulation of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing on the exposure of Escherichia coli cells to aminoglycoside antibiotics. We observed decreased expression levels of RNase G associated with increased RNase III activity on rng mRNA in a subgroup of E. coli isolates that transiently acquired resistance to low levels of kanamycin or streptomycin. Analyses of 16S rRNA from the aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli cells, in addition to mutagenesis studies, demonstrated that the accumulation of 16S rRNA precursors containing 3–8 extra nucleotides at the 5’ terminus, which results from incomplete processing by RNase G, is responsible for the observed aminoglycoside resistance. Chemical protection, mass spectrometry analysis and cell-free translation assays revealed that the ribosomes from rng -deleted E. coli have decreased binding capacity for, and diminished sensitivity to, streptomycin and neomycin, compared with wild-type cells. It was observed that the deletion of rng had similar effects in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344. Our findings suggest that modulation of the endoribonucleolytic activity of RNase III and RNase G constitutes a previously uncharacterized regulatory pathway for adaptive resistance in E. coli and related gram-negative bacteria to aminoglycoside antibiotics.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Inhibition of sEH blocks neuropathic pain [Pharmacology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-11
    Description: The nerve damage occurring as a consequence of glucose toxicity in diabetes leads to neuropathic pain, among other problems. This pain dramatically reduces the quality of life in afflicted patients. The progressive damage to the peripheral nervous system is irreversible although strict control of hyperglycemia may prevent further damage. Current treatments include tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, depending on the severity of the pain state. However, available therapeutics have drawbacks, arguing for the need to better understand the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and develop novel treatments. Here we demonstrate that stabilization of a class of bioactive lipids, epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFAs), greatly reduces allodynia in rats caused by streptozocin-induced type I diabetes. Inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEHI) elevated and stabilized the levels of plasma and spinal EpFAs, respectively, and generated dose-dependent antiallodynic effects more potently and efficaciously than gabapentin. In acute experiments, positive modulation of EpFAs did not display differences in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, or insulin secretion, indicating the efficacy of sEHIs are not related to the glycemic status. Quantitative metabolomic analysis of a panel of 26 bioactive lipids demonstrated that sEHI-mediated antiallodynic effects coincided with a selective elevation of the levels of EpFAs in the plasma, and a decrease in degradation products coincided with the dihydroxy fatty acids in the spinal cord. Overall, these results argue that further efforts in understanding the spectrum of effects of EpFAs will yield novel opportunities in treating neuropathic pain.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Spin-Density Matrix Elements for γp→K^{*0}Σ^{+} at E_{γ}=1.85–3.0  GeV with Evidence for the κ(800) Meson Exchange (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Description: Author(s): S. H. Hwang et al. (LEPS Collaboration) The exclusive reaction γ p → K + π - Σ + was measured for the first time using linearly polarized photons at beam energies from 1.85 to 2.96 GeV. Angular distributions in the rest frame of the K + π - system were fitted to extract spin-density matrix elements of the K *0 decay. The measured parity spin asymmetr... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 092001] Published Mon Feb 27, 2012
    Keywords: Elementary Particles and Fields
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    C-O bond formation by polyketide synthases (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Polyketide synthases (PKSs) assemble the polyketide carbon backbone by sequential decarboxylative condensation of acyl coenzyme A (CoA) precursors, and the C-C bond-forming step in this process is catalyzed by the beta-ketoacyl synthase (KS) domain or subunit. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the nonactin biosynthesis gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus revealed two KSs, NonJ and NonK, that are highly homologous to known KSs but catalyze sequential condensation of the acyl CoA substrates by forming C-O rather than C-C bonds. This chemistry can be used in PKS engineering to increase the scope and diversity of polyketide biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Hyung-Jin -- Smith, Wyatt C -- Scharon, A Janelle -- Hwang, Sung Hee -- Kurth, Mark J -- Shen, Ben -- AI51689/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08505/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Genes, Bacterial ; Macrolides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Subunits ; Sequence Alignment ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Streptomyces/genetics ; Streptomyces griseus/*enzymology/genetics ; Transformation, Bacterial
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Nanoassembly of a fractal polymer: a molecular "Sierpinski hexagonal gasket" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: Mathematics and art converge in the fractal forms that also abound in nature. We used molecular self-assembly to create a synthetic, nanometer-scale, Sierpinski hexagonal gasket. This nondendritic, perfectly self-similar fractal macromolecule is composed of bis-terpyridine building blocks that are bound together by coordination to 36 Ru and 6 Fe ions to form a nearly planar array of increasingly larger hexagons around a hollow center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newkome, George R -- Wang, Pingshan -- Moorefield, Charles N -- Cho, Tae Joon -- Mohapatra, Prabhu P -- Li, Sinan -- Hwang, Seok-Ho -- Lukoyanova, Olena -- Echegoyen, Luis -- Palagallo, Judith A -- Iancu, Violeta -- Hla, Saw-Wai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1782-5. Epub 2006 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4717, USA. newkome@uakron.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The wetting, reaction and bonding of silicon nitride by Cu-Ti alloys (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 3223-3234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The wettability and reactivity of pressureless sintered Si3N4 by powdered Cu-Ti alloy were investigated using sessile drop tests conducted in a vacuum. Bonding of Si3N4 to itself was also carried out and joint strength was evaluated by compressive shear testing. The correlation of wetting behaviour with reaction and bond strength was interpreted. The wettability of Cu-Ti alloys on Si3N4 was improved greatly by addition of titanium up to 50 wt%. However, the reaction-layer thickness was increased up to 10 wt% and thereafter decreased up to 50 wt%. We propose the dovetail model which describes the reaction-layer growth behaviour with titanium. As the titanium content was increased, it tended to form a continuous thin reaction layer which greatly improved the wettability. From metallographic and XRD analyses, TiN and Ti suicide were found in the reaction layer. The thermodynamic reaction for TiN formation was suggested to be Si3N4(s) + 4Ti (1 − sol) = 4TiN(s) + 3Si(s). Ti-silicide might be formed during cooling by the reaction with Ti and Si which had been decomposed from Si3N4, diffused to and dissolved in the liquid Cu-rich alloy. The reaction layer growth was controlled by diffusion of nitrogen or titanium in the reaction layer according to the titanium concentration. The shear strength of Si3N4 to Si3N4 was affected by the morphology and thickness of the reaction layer rather than the wettability. As the titanium content increased, shear strength also increased rapidly up to 5 wt% and then slowly up to 50 wt%. As the reaction temperature and time were increased, shear strength was lowered due to the greater thickness of the reaction layer despite improved wettability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124666
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of mucus (1969)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 8 (1969), S. 438-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions (1) The magnetic rheometer has been shown capable of measuring the viscoelastic properties of very small volumes of mucus, of demonstrating heterogeneity and of reducing these results to a form where it can be discussed in standard rheological terms. (2) The mucus tested appears to have a principal relaxation time in the order of 100 sec which would make it appear as a rubbery solid to the action of cilia. (3) The relaxation spectra of mucus infer the presence of intermolecular entanglement couplings with mucous secretions with distance between entanglement points being approximately twice as great for the specimen cervical mucus as for the specimen of bronchial lung mucus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen solubility in pure iron and effects of alloying elements on the solubility in the temperature range 20 to 500° C (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1285-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogen solubility in pure iron and iron based binary alloys have been measured in the temperature range 20 to 500° C under hydrogen at atmospheric pressure. For pure iron, hydrogen solubility decreases as the temperature decreases until about 300° C and then increases reaching maximum at 80° C. The maximum solubility at this temperature was about 0.9 ppm. This large value is thought to result from chemisorption of hydrogen at the grain boundary. The addition of alloying elements, Mo, W and Ni increased the temperature at which hydrogen solubility had its maximum and had no other effects on the trend of hydrogen solubility change as a function of temperature for pure iron. The higher heats of chemisorption of hydrogen onto Mo and W compared with Fe may be responsible for the change in temperatures. Other possible methods of trapping hydrogen in iron and iron based binary alloys are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033843
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of alloying elements on hydrogen diffusivity in α-iron (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2590-2596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Cr, Ni, Mo, Si and Cu on the diffusivity of hydrogen inα-iron is studied in the temperature range of 160 to 430° C at a hydrogen pressure of 1 atm. The diffusivity of hydrogen was determined by absorption rate experiments using Sievert's type apparatus. The results show that the diffusivity of hydrogen in iron alloys decreases and the activation energy increases, as the concentration of the alloying elements increases, except Cu and Ni. The trapping parameters of hydrogen in iron alloys on the basis of Oriani's approach are calculated. The results show that Si, Mo and Cr are in order of increasing trap energy and that Cu and Ni have a negligible effect on hydrogen trapping. This can be explained by taking account of both chemical affinity effects and elastic strain effects of alloying elements on hydrogen trapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113601
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of deep bed filtration data: Modeling as a birth-death process (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1781-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To simulate the performance of a deep bed filter in terms of the pressure drop dynamics under a constant flow condition, a fairly general stochastic model, namely, the birth-death process, which takes into account both blockage of the pores by suspended particles and scouring of deposited particles, is combined with the Carman-Kozeny equation. This model is relatively simple in that the entire bed is spatially lumped and it contains only two parameters, α and β, which are fairly easy to identify. In spite of this simplicity, the model is capable of representing the majority of the available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690311104
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