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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 86 (1964), S. 5363-5364 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 7 (1997), S. 863-879 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes a generalized two-cycle componentwise splitting method for solving three-dimensional parabolic differential equations with variable coefficients which has been developed based on the idea of the regularized difference scheme. The method is simple, unconditionally stable and well suited for simulating fast transient phenomena and for computations on fine spatial meshes. A numerical procedure that employs the generalized two-cycle componentwise splitting scheme was developed to solve three-dimensional parabolic differential equations with variable coefficients on multilayers. In the procedure, the generalized "divide and conquer" method for solving tridiagonal linear systems is applied in order to overcome the problem with the unknown value at the interface between layers. Numerical results show that the procedure is accurate and efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 8 (1998), S. 409-423 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: X-ray irradiation of photoresists, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), on a silicon substrate is an important technique in micro fabrication used to obtain structures and devices with a high aspect ratio. The process is composed of a mask and a photoresist deposited on a substrate (with a gap between mask and resist). Predictions of the temperature distribution in three dimensions in the different layers (mask, gap, photoresist and substrate) and of the potential temperature rise are essential for determining the effect of high flux X-ray exposure on distortions in the photoresist due to thermal expansion. In this study, we develop a numerical method for obtaining the steady state temperature profile in an X-ray irradiation process by using a preconditioned Richardson method for the Poisson equation in the micro-scale. A domain decomposition algorithm is then obtained based on the parallel "divide and conquer" procedure for tridiagonal linear systems. Numerical results show that such a method is efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 7 (1997), S. 659-674 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Develops a generalized Douglas ADI method for solving three-dimensional parabolic differential equations based on the idea of the regularized difference scheme. The method is simple, unconditionally stable and well suited for either simulating fast transient phenomena or for computations on fine spatial meshes. Numerical procedures that employ the generalized Douglas ADI scheme were developed to solve three-dimensional parabolic differential equations on multilayers. In these procedures, the generalized "divide and conquer" method for solving tridiagonal linear systems is applied in order to overcome the problem with the unknown value at the interface between layers. Numerical results show that the procedure is accurate and efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 9 (1999), S. 660-677 
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: X-ray lithography is an important technique in micro fabrication used to obtain structures and devices with a high aspect ratio. The X-ray exposure takes place in a system composed of a mask and a photoresist deposited on a substrate (with a gap between mask and resist). Predictions of the temperature distribution in three dimensions in the different layers (mask, gap, photoresist and substrate) and of the potential temperature rise are essential for determining the effect of high flux X-ray exposure on distortions in the photoresist due to thermal expansion. In this study, we develop a three-dimensional numerical method for obtaining the temperature profile in an X-ray irradiation process by using a hybrid finite element-finite difference scheme for solving three-dimensional parabolic equations on thin layers. A domain decomposition algorithm is then obtained based on a parallel Gaussian elimination for solving block tridiagonal linear systems. The method is illustrated by a numerical method.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology 28 (1969), S. 717-724 
    ISSN: 0010-406X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 267 (1992), S. 55-57+60-66 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Keywords: RAD6 erro-prone pathway ; Rad3-102 mutator allele of yeast ; Rem1 mutant alleles ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAD3 gene
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 40 (1970), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird das genetische Modell eines biallelen Locus mit genfrequenzabhängiger Selektion bei Vorliegen von Über-oder Unterdominanz im Hinblick auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Fixierung und die erwartete Zeit bis zur Fixierung eines Allels im Zusammenhang mit stochastischer Variation, die aus einem begrenzten Populationsumfang resultiert, untersucht. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erhalten: 1. Wenn die Fixierungswahrscheinlichkeit größer ist als ohne Selektion, dann führt der Fall häufigkeitsabhängiger Selektion in Verbindung mit Superdominanz im Gleichgewicht zur größten Fixierungswahrscheinlichkeit. Ist jedoch die Fixierungswahrscheinlichkeit niedriger als ohne Selektion, dann führt der Fall häufigkeitsabhängiger Selektion in Verbindung mit Unterdominanz im Gleichgewicht zur größten Fixierungswahrscheinlichkeit. 2. Die erwartete Zeit bis zur Fixierung ist am größten im Fall der Superdominanz im Gleichgewicht und am kleinsten für den Fall der Unterdominanz im Gleichgewicht, wenn {ie250-04} ist. 3. Für Gleichgewichtsfrequenzen ({ie250-05}) über 0,8 oder unter 0,2 gibt es eine Akzeleration in der Fixierungszeit. Diese Akzeleration tritt über einen breiten Bereich ursprünglicher Genfrequenzen auf, die den {ie250-06} Wert einschließen. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Erhaltung der Variabilität in natürlichen Populationen, die einer stochastischen Variation unterliegen, diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A genetic model of a two allelic locus involving gene frequency dependent selection with overdominance or underdominance was investigated with regard to the probability of and the expected time to fixation of an allele in the face of stochastic variations arising from finite population size. Results showed the following: 1. If the probability of fixation is larger than for no selection, the case of fequency dependent selection with overdominance at equilibrium gave rise to the highest probability of fixation. If, however, the probability of fixation is less than for no selection, the case of frequency dependent selection and underdominance at equilibrium gives rise to the highest probability of fixation. 2. The expected time to fixation is largest for the case of overdominance at equilibrium and smallest for the case of underdominance at equilibrium if 0.2〈 p 〈 0.8. 3. For equilibrium gene frequencies (p) above 0.8 or below 0.2 there was acceleration in the time to fixation. This acceleration occurred over a wide range of initial gene frequencies that includes the p value.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 40 (1970), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Falle eines begrenzten, jedoch variablen Populationsumfangs verursacht die Selektion bei Vorliegen eines Locus mit 2 Allelen und Superdominanz eine Akzeleration in der Zeit bis zur Fixierung oder dem Verlust des begünstigten Allels (d. h. die Zeit mit Selektion war niedriger als ohne Selektion), wenn das deterministische Genfrequenz-Gleichgewicht über 0,8 war. Die Akzeleration erstreckt sich über einen Bereich ursprünglicher Genfrequenzen, sie hängt ab von der Selektionsintensität und dem Parameter der Superdominanz. Im Falle multipler Loci und einer kleinen diploiden Population fixierten Umfangs, die aus einer großen Population mit ursprünglichem Koppelungsgleich-gewicht abgeleitet wurde, trat eine Akzeleration in der Fixierungs- bzw. Eliminationszeit über einen Bereich ursprünglicher Genfrequenzen (wie beim unilokalen Fall) bei hoher Selektionsintensität (N s〉14) und schwachem Superdominanzeffekt auf. Für eine große Zahl superdominanter Loci tritt unter Koppelungsbedingungen keine Akzeleration auf. Ein ursprüngliches Attraktions- oder Repulsions-Ungleichgewicht mit unabhängiger Genverteilung hat auf die beobachtete Akzeleration keinen Einfluß. Repulsion mit Koppelung verursacht dagegen eine Retardierung der Fixierungs- bzw. Eliminationszeit.
    Notes: Summary Selection, in the case of a variable finite population size and a two-allelic locus with overdominance, caused an acceleration in the time to fixation or loss of the favorable allele (i.e. time with selection was less than that with no selection) when the deterministic gene frequency equilibrium was above 0.8. The acceleration was over a range of initial gene frequencies, dependent on the selection intensity and the overdominance parameter. In the case of multiple loci and a small, diploid population of fixed size derived from a large population in initial linkage equilibrium, an acceleration in the time to fixation or loss occurred over a range of initial gene frequencies (as in the one locus case) for strong selection intensity (N s〉14) and weak overdominance effect. For a large number of overdominant loci, acceleration did not occur under linkage. Initial coupling or repulsion disequilibrium with independent assortment had no effect on the observed acceleration. Repulsion with linkage, however, caused a retardation in the time to fixation or loss.
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