ALBERT

Description: Jun dimerization protein 2 is a critical component of the Nrf2/MafK complex regulating the response to ROS homeostasis Cell Death and Disease 5, e1344 (July 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.322 Authors: S Tanigawa, C H Lee, C S Lin, C C Ku, H Hasegawa, S Qin, A Kawahara, Y Korenori, K Miyamori, M Noguchi, L H Lee, Y C Lin, C L Steve Lin, Y Nakamura, C Jin, N Yamaguchi, R Eckner, D-X Hou & K K Yokoyama

Description: The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is an essential component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma was demonstrated to be a component of the IL-4 receptor on the basis of chemical cross-linking data, the ability of IL-2R gamma to augment IL-4 binding affinity, and the requirement for IL-2R gamma in IL-4-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The observation that IL-2R gamma is a functional component of the IL-4 receptor, together with the finding that IL-2R gamma associates with the IL-7 receptor, begins to elucidate why deficiency of this common gamma chain (gamma c) has a profound effect on lymphoid function and development, as seen in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, S M -- Keegan, A D -- Harada, N -- Nakamura, Y -- Noguchi, M -- Leland, P -- Friedmann, M C -- Miyajima, A -- Puri, R K -- Paul, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1880-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Pulmonary and Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is a necessary component of functional IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma mutations result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) in humans, a disease characterized by the presence of few or no T cells. In contrast, SCID patients with IL-2 deficiency and IL-2-deficient mice have normal numbers of T cells, suggesting that IL-2R gamma is part of more than one cytokine receptor. By using chemical cross-linking, IL-2R gamma was shown to be physically associated with the IL-7 receptor. The presence of IL-2R gamma augmented both IL-7 binding affinity and the efficiency of internalization of IL-7. These findings may help explain the defects of XSCID. Given its role in more than one cytokine receptor system, the common gamma chain (gamma c) is proposed as the designation for IL-2R gamma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noguchi, M -- Nakamura, Y -- Russell, S M -- Ziegler, S F -- Tsang, M -- Cao, X -- Leonard, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1877-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Pulmonary and Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Males with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) have defects in the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) gene that encodes a shared, essential component of the receptors of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. The Janus family tyrosine kinase Jak3 is the only signaling molecule known to be associated with gamma c, so it was hypothesized that defects in Jak3 might cause an XSCID-like phenotype. A girl with immunological features indistinguishable from those of XSCID was therefore selected for analysis. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell line derived from her lymphocytes had normal gamma c expression but lacked Jak3 protein and had greatly diminished Jak3 messenger RNA. Sequencing revealed a different mutation on each allele: a single nucleotide insertion resulting in a frame shift and premature termination in the Jak3 JH4 domain and a nonsense mutation in the Jak3 JH2 domain. The lack of Jak3 expression correlated with impaired B cell signaling, as demonstrated by the inability of IL-4 to activate Stat6 in the EBV-transformed cell line from the patient. These observations indicate that the functions of gamma c are dependent on Jak3 and that Jak3 is essential for lymphoid development and signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, S M -- Tayebi, N -- Nakajima, H -- Riedy, M C -- Roberts, J L -- Aman, M J -- Migone, T S -- Noguchi, M -- Markert, M L -- Buckley, R H -- O'Shea, J J -- Leonard, W J -- M01-RR30/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R37AI18613-13/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA09058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):797-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling requires the dimerization of the IL-2 receptor beta.(IL-2R beta) and common gamma (gamma c) chains. Mutations of gamma c can result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). IL-2, IL-4, IL-7 (whose receptors are known to contain gamma c), and IL-9 (whose receptor is shown here to contain gamma c) induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak3. Jak1 and Jak3 associated with IL-2R beta and gamma c, respectively; IL-2 induced Jak3-IL-2R beta and increased Jak3-gamma c associations. Truncations of gamma c, and a gamma c, point mutation causing moderate X-linked combined immunodeficiency (XCID), decreased gamma c-Jak3 association. Thus, gamma c mutations in at least some XSCID and XCID patients prevent normal Jak3 activation, suggesting that mutations of Jak3 may result in an XSCID-like phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, S M -- Johnston, J A -- Noguchi, M -- Kawamura, M -- Bacon, C M -- Friedmann, M -- Berg, M -- McVicar, D W -- Witthuhn, B A -- Silvennoinen, O -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK42932/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1042-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: High-resolution electron microscopy and lithium-7 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were carried out for a disordered carbon material, prepared by heat treatment of polyphenylene, in which lithium was stored electrochemically. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum suggests the existence of Li(2) covalent molecules in the carbon material. This extra covalent site of lithium storage promises extraordinarily high energy density for secondary batteries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sato, K -- Noguchi, M -- Demachi, A -- Oki, N -- Endo, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 22;264(5158):556-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17732740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We have sequenced the genomes of 110 small cell lung cancers (SCLC), one of the deadliest human cancers. In nearly all the tumours analysed we found bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1, sometimes by complex genomic rearrangements. Two tumours with wild-type RB1 had evidence of chromothripsis leading to overexpression of cyclin D1 (encoded by the CCND1 gene), revealing an alternative mechanism of Rb1 deregulation. Thus, loss of the tumour suppressors TP53 and RB1 is obligatory in SCLC. We discovered somatic genomic rearrangements of TP73 that create an oncogenic version of this gene, TP73Deltaex2/3. In rare cases, SCLC tumours exhibited kinase gene mutations, providing a possible therapeutic opportunity for individual patients. Finally, we observed inactivating mutations in NOTCH family genes in 25% of human SCLC. Accordingly, activation of Notch signalling in a pre-clinical SCLC mouse model strikingly reduced the number of tumours and extended the survival of the mutant mice. Furthermore, neuroendocrine gene expression was abrogated by Notch activity in SCLC cells. This first comprehensive study of somatic genome alterations in SCLC uncovers several key biological processes and identifies candidate therapeutic targets in this highly lethal form of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, Julie -- Lim, Jing Shan -- Jang, Se Jin -- Cun, Yupeng -- Ozretic, Luka -- Kong, Gu -- Leenders, Frauke -- Lu, Xin -- Fernandez-Cuesta, Lynnette -- Bosco, Graziella -- Muller, Christian -- Dahmen, Ilona -- Jahchan, Nadine S -- Park, Kwon-Sik -- Yang, Dian -- Karnezis, Anthony N -- Vaka, Dedeepya -- Torres, Angela -- Wang, Maia Segura -- Korbel, Jan O -- Menon, Roopika -- Chun, Sung-Min -- Kim, Deokhoon -- Wilkerson, Matt -- Hayes, Neil -- Engelmann, David -- Putzer, Brigitte -- Bos, Marc -- Michels, Sebastian -- Vlasic, Ignacija -- Seidel, Danila -- Pinther, Berit -- Schaub, Philipp -- Becker, Christian -- Altmuller, Janine -- Yokota, Jun -- Kohno, Takashi -- Iwakawa, Reika -- Tsuta, Koji -- Noguchi, Masayuki -- Muley, Thomas -- Hoffmann, Hans -- Schnabel, Philipp A -- Petersen, Iver -- Chen, Yuan -- Soltermann, Alex -- Tischler, Verena -- Choi, Chang-min -- Kim, Yong-Hee -- Massion, Pierre P -- Zou, Yong -- Jovanovic, Dragana -- Kontic, Milica -- Wright, Gavin M -- Russell, Prudence A -- Solomon, Benjamin -- Koch, Ina -- Lindner, Michael -- Muscarella, Lucia A -- la Torre, Annamaria -- Field, John K -- Jakopovic, Marko -- Knezevic, Jelena -- Castanos-Velez, Esmeralda -- Roz, Luca -- Pastorino, Ugo -- Brustugun, Odd-Terje -- Lund-Iversen, Marius -- Thunnissen, Erik -- Kohler, Jens -- Schuler, Martin -- Botling, Johan -- Sandelin, Martin -- Sanchez-Cespedes, Montserrat -- Salvesen, Helga B -- Achter, Viktor -- Lang, Ulrich -- Bogus, Magdalena -- Schneider, Peter M -- Zander, Thomas -- Ansen, Sascha -- Hallek, Michael -- Wolf, Jurgen -- Vingron, Martin -- Yatabe, Yasushi -- Travis, William D -- Nurnberg, Peter -- Reinhardt, Christian -- Perner, Sven -- Heukamp, Lukas -- Buttner, Reinhard -- Haas, Stefan A -- Brambilla, Elisabeth -- Peifer, Martin -- Sage, Julien -- Thomas, Roman K -- 5R01CA114102-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 6;524(7563):47-53. doi: 10.1038/nature14664. Epub 2015 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. ; Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany. ; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University. 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea. ; Vancouver General Hospital, Terry Fox laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada. ; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute of Pathology, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. ; Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. ; Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, USA. ; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, USA. ; Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany. ; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany. ; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. [2] Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. [2] Genomics and Epigenomics of Cancer Prediction Program, Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Barcelona 08916, Spain. ; Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. ; Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. ; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. ; 1] Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Amalienstrasse 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Amalienstrasse 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Amalienstrasse 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany. ; 1] Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Amalienstrasse 5, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. ; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea. ; Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center PRB 640, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; University Hospital of Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. ; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 3065 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 3065 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 3065 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ; Asklepios Biobank fur Lungenerkrankungen, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Asklepios Fachkliniken Munchen-Gauting 82131, Germany. ; Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni, Rotondo, Italy. ; Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, L69 3GA Liverpool, UK. ; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ; Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ; Charite Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charite Campus Mitte, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. ; Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy. ; 1] Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway. [2] Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. ; Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. ; Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; 1] West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Departments of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. ; 1] Department of Clinical Science, Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, N-5058 Bergen, Norway. [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5058 Bergen, Norway. ; Computing Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Computing Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. [2] Department of Informatics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50823 Cologne, Germany. ; Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany. [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Computational Molecular Biology Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany. ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 464-8681 Nagoya, Japan. ; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. [3] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Department of Pathology, CHU Grenoble INSERM U823, University Joseph Fourier, Institute Albert Bonniot 38043, CS10217 Grenoble, France. ; 1] Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. [2] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. [2] Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Precursory changes in the radon concentration of groundwater were observed prior to the Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake (magnitude 7.0) 14 January 1978. The distance from the epicenter to a continuous radon-monitoring station at Nakaizu was about 25 kilometers. A sudden drop and a subsequent increase in the radon concentration recorded on 9 January 1978 were significant. The size of the spike-like change was about 15 percent. After the earthquake, a remarkable increase in the radon concentration occurred.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wakita, H -- Nakamura, Y -- Notsu, K -- Noguchi, M -- Asada, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):882-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17729867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Jun dimerization protein 2 is a critical component of the Nrf2/MafK complex regulating the response to ROS homeostasis Cell Death and Disease 4, e921 (November 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.448 Authors: S Tanigawa, C H Lee, C S Lin, C C Ku, H Hasegawa, S Qin, A Kawahara, Y Korenori, K Miyamori, M Noguchi, L H Lee, Y C Lin, C L Steve Lin, Y Nakamura, C Jin, N Yamaguchi, R Eckner, D-X Hou & K K Yokoyama

Description: Past model studies have projected a global decrease in marine net primary production (NPP) over the 21st century, but these studies focused on the multi-model mean rather than on the large inter-model differences. Here, we analyze model-simulated changes in NPP for the 21st century under IPCC's high-emission scenario RCP8.5. We use a suite of nine coupled carbon–climate Earth system models with embedded marine ecosystem models and focus on the spread between the different models and the underlying reasons. Globally, NPP decreases in five out of the nine models over the course of the 21st century, while three show no significant trend and one even simulates an increase. The largest model spread occurs in the low latitudes (between 30° S and 30° N), with individual models simulating relative changes between −25 and +40 %. Of the seven models diagnosing a net decrease in NPP in the low latitudes, only three simulate this to be a consequence of the classical interpretation, i.e., a stronger nutrient limitation due to increased stratification leading to reduced phytoplankton growth. In the other four, warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the stronger nutrient limitation. However, temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in phytoplankton biomass and reduce NPP despite higher growth rates. One model projects a strong increase in NPP in the low latitudes, caused by an intensification of the microbial loop, while NPP in the remaining model changes by less than 0.5 %. While models consistently project increases NPP in the Southern Ocean, the regional inter-model range is also very substantial. In most models, this increase in NPP is driven by temperature, but it is also modulated by changes in light, macronutrients and iron as well as grazing. Overall, current projections of future changes in global marine NPP are subject to large uncertainties and necessitate a dedicated and sustained effort to improve the models and the concepts and data that guide their development.