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  • 1
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    Seawater cycled throughout Earth’s mantle in partially serpentinized lithosphere (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-02
    Description: Nature Geoscience 10, 222 (2017). doi:10.1038/ngeo2902 Authors: M. A. Kendrick, C. Hémond, V. S. Kamenetsky, L. Danyushevsky, C. W. Devey, T. Rodemann, M. G. Jackson & M. R. Perfit
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    ‘Petit Spot’ rejuvenated volcanism superimposed on plume‐derived Samoan shield volcanoes: Evidence from a 645 meter drill core from Tutuila Island, American Samoa (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract In 2015 a geothermal exploration well was drilled on the island of Tutuila, American Samoa. The sample suite from the drill core provides 645 m of volcanic stratigraphy from a Samoan volcano, spanning 1.45 million years of volcanic history. In the Tutuila drill core, shield lavas with an EM2 (Enriched Mantle 2) signature are observed at depth, spanning 1.46 to 1.44 Ma. These are overlain by younger (1.35 to 1.17 Ma) shield lavas with a primordial “common” (Focus Zone) component interlayered with lavas that sample a depleted mantle component. Following ~1.15 Myr of volcanic quiescence, rejuvenated volcanism initiated at 24.3 ka and samples an EM1 (Enriched Mantle 1) component. The timing of the initiation of rejuvenated volcanism on Tutuila suggests that rejuvenated volcanism may be tectonically driven, as Samoan hotspot volcanoes approach the northern terminus of the Tonga trench. This is consistent with a model where the timing of rejuvenated volcanism at Tutuila and at other Samoan volcanoes relates to their distance from the Tonga trench. Notably, the Samoan rejuvenated lavas have EM1 isotopic compositions distinct from shield lavas that are geochemically similar to “petit spot” lavas erupted outboard of the Japan trench and late stage lavas erupted at Christmas Island located outboard of the Sunda Trench. Therefore, like the Samoan rejuvenated lavas, petit spot volcanism in general appears to be related to tectonic uplift outboard of subduction zones, and existing geochemical data suggest that both share similar EM1 isotopic signatures.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Evidence for the survival of the oldest terrestrial mantle reservoir (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: Helium is a powerful tracer of primitive material in Earth's mantle. Extremely high (3)He/(4)He ratios in some ocean-island basalts suggest the presence of relatively undegassed and undifferentiated material preserved in Earth's mantle. However, terrestrial lavas with high (3)He/(4)He ratios have never been observed to host the primitive lead-isotopic compositions that are required for an early (roughly 4.5 Gyr ago) formation age. Here we show that Cenozoic-era Baffin Island and West Greenland lavas, previously found to host the highest terrestrial-mantle (3)He/(4)He ratios, exhibit primitive lead-isotope ratios that are consistent with an ancient mantle source age of 4.55-4.45 Gyr. The Baffin Island and West Greenland lavas also exhibit (143)Nd/(144)Nd ratios similar to values recently proposed for an early-formed (roughly 4.5 Gyr ago) terrestrial mantle reservoir. The combined helium-, lead- and Nd-isotopic compositions in Baffin Island and West Greenland lavas therefore suggest that their source is the most ancient accessible reservoir in the Earth's mantle, and it may be parental to all mantle reservoirs that give rise to modern volcanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Matthew G -- Carlson, Richard W -- Kurz, Mark D -- Kempton, Pamela D -- Francis, Don -- Blusztajn, Jerzy -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):853-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09287.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. jacksonm@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    An ancient recipe for flood-basalt genesis (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-29
    Description: Large outpourings of basaltic lava have punctuated geological time, but the mechanisms responsible for the generation of such extraordinary volumes of melt are not well known. Recent geochemical evidence suggests that an early-formed reservoir may have survived in the Earth's mantle for about 4.5 billion years (ref. 2), and melts of this reservoir contributed to the flood basalt emplaced on Baffin Island about 60 million years ago. However, the volume of this ancient mantle domain and whether it has contributed to other flood basalts is not known. Here we show that basalts from the largest volcanic event in geologic history--the Ontong Java plateau--also exhibit the isotopic and trace element signatures proposed for the early-Earth reservoir. Together with the Ontong Java plateau, we suggest that six of the largest volcanic events that erupted in the past 250 million years derive from the oldest terrestrial mantle reservoir. The association of these large volcanic events with an ancient primitive mantle source suggests that its unique geochemical characteristics--it is both hotter (it has greater abundances of the radioactive heat-producing elements) and more fertile than depleted mantle reservoirs-may strongly affect the generation of flood basalts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Matthew G -- Carlson, Richard W -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 27;476(7360):316-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. jacksonm@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Nickel and helium evidence for melt above the core-mantle boundary (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-11
    Description: High (3)He/(4)He ratios in some basalts have generally been interpreted as originating in an incompletely degassed lower-mantle source. This helium source may have been isolated at the core-mantle boundary region since Earth's accretion. Alternatively, it may have taken part in whole-mantle convection and crust production over the age of the Earth; if so, it is now either a primitive refugium at the core-mantle boundary or is distributed throughout the lower mantle. Here we constrain the problem using lavas from Baffin Island, West Greenland, the Ontong Java Plateau, Isla Gorgona and Fernandina (Galapagos). Olivine phenocryst compositions show that these lavas originated from a peridotite source that was about 20 per cent higher in nickel content than in the modern mid-ocean-ridge basalt source. Where data are available, these lavas also have high (3)He/(4)He. We propose that a less-degassed nickel-rich source formed by core-mantle interaction during the crystallization of a melt-rich layer or basal magma ocean, and that this source continues to be sampled by mantle plumes. The spatial distribution of this source may be constrained by nickel partitioning experiments at the pressures of the core-mantle boundary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herzberg, Claude -- Asimow, Paul D -- Ionov, Dmitri A -- Vidito, Chris -- Jackson, Matthew G -- Geist, Dennis -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 17;493(7432):393-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11771. Epub 2013 Jan 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA. herzberg@rci.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Helium and lead isotopes reveal the geochemical geometry of the Samoan plume (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-17
    Description: Hotspot lavas erupted at ocean islands exhibit tremendous isotopic variability, indicating that there are numerous mantle components hosted in upwelling mantle plumes that generate volcanism at hotspots like Hawaii and Samoa. However, it is not known how the surface expression of the various geochemical components observed in hotspot volcanoes relates to their spatial distribution within the plume. Here we present a relationship between He and Pb isotopes in Samoan lavas that places severe constraints on the distribution of geochemical species within the plume. The Pb-isotopic compositions of the Samoan lavas reveal several distinct geochemical groups, each corresponding to a different geographic lineament of volcanoes. Each group has a signature associated with one of four mantle endmembers with low (3)He/(4)He: EMII (enriched mantle 2), EMI (enriched mantle 1), HIMU (high micro = (238)U/(204)Pb) and DM (depleted mantle). Critically, these four geochemical groups trend towards a common region of Pb-isotopic space with high (3)He/(4)He. This observation is consistent with several low-(3)He/(4)He components in the plume mixing with a common high-(3)He/(4)He component, but not mixing much with each other. The mixing relationships inferred from the new He and Pb isotopic data provide the clearest picture yet of the geochemical geometry of a mantle plume, and are best explained by a high-(3)He/(4)He plume matrix that hosts, and mixes with, several distinct low-(3)He/(4)He components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, M G -- Hart, S R -- Konter, J G -- Kurz, M D -- Blusztajn, J -- Farley, K A -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 16;514(7522):355-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9630, USA. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Department of Marine Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25318524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Anomalous sulphur isotopes in plume lavas reveal deep mantle storage of Archaean crust (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Basaltic lavas erupted at some oceanic intraplate hotspot volcanoes are thought to sample ancient subducted crustal materials. However, the residence time of these subducted materials in the mantle is uncertain and model-dependent, and compelling evidence for their return to the surface in regions of mantle upwelling beneath hotspots is lacking. Here we report anomalous sulphur isotope signatures indicating mass-independent fractionation (MIF) in olivine-hosted sulphides from 20-million-year-old ocean island basalts from Mangaia, Cook Islands (Polynesia), which have been suggested to sample recycled oceanic crust. Terrestrial MIF sulphur isotope signatures (in which the amount of fractionation does not scale in proportion with the difference in the masses of the isotopes) were generated exclusively through atmospheric photochemical reactions until about 2.45 billion years ago. Therefore, the discovery of MIF sulphur in these young plume lavas suggests that sulphur--probably derived from hydrothermally altered oceanic crust--was subducted into the mantle before 2.45 billion years ago and recycled into the mantle source of Mangaia lavas. These new data provide evidence for ancient materials, with negative Delta(33)S values, in the mantle source for Mangaia lavas. Our data also complement evidence for recycling of the sulphur content of ancient sedimentary materials to the subcontinental lithospheric mantle that has been identified in diamond-hosted sulphide inclusions. This Archaean age for recycled oceanic crust also provides key constraints on the length of time that subducted crustal material can survive in the mantle, and on the timescales of mantle convection from subduction to upwelling beneath hotspots.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cabral, Rita A -- Jackson, Matthew G -- Rose-Koga, Estelle F -- Koga, Kenneth T -- Whitehouse, Martin J -- Antonelli, Michael A -- Farquhar, James -- Day, James M D -- Hauri, Erik H -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):490-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. racabral@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23619695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Preservation of Earth-forming events in the tungsten isotopic composition of modern flood basalts (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-14
    Description: How much of Earth's compositional variation dates to processes that occurred during planet formation remains an unanswered question. High-precision tungsten isotopic data from rocks from two large igneous provinces, the North Atlantic Igneous Province and the Ontong Java Plateau, reveal preservation to the Phanerozoic of tungsten isotopic heterogeneities in the mantle. These heterogeneities, caused by the decay of hafnium-182 in mantle domains with high hafnium/tungsten ratios, were created during the first ~50 million years of solar system history, indicating that portions of the mantle that formed during Earth's primary accretionary period have survived to the present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rizo, Hanika -- Walker, Richard J -- Carlson, Richard W -- Horan, Mary F -- Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy -- Manthos, Vicky -- Francis, Don -- Jackson, Matthew G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 13;352(6287):809-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8563.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geotop, Departement des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Atmosphere, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada. ; Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. ; Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. ; Department of Earth Science, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Connections between the bulk composition, geodynamics and habitability of Earth (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-31
    Description: Nature Geoscience 8, 587 (2015). doi:10.1038/ngeo2488 Authors: A. M. Jellinek & M. G. Jackson
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Primordial helium entrained by the hottest mantle plumes (2017)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-16
    Description: Primordial helium entrained by the hottest mantle plumes Nature 542, 7641 (2017). doi:10.1038/nature21023 Authors: M. G. Jackson, J. G. Konter & T.W. Becker Helium isotopes provide an important tool for tracing early-Earth, primordial reservoirs that have survived in the planet’s interior. Volcanic hotspot lavas, like those erupted at Hawaii and Iceland, can host rare, high 3He/4He isotopic ratios (up to 50 times the present atmospheric ratio, Ra) compared to the lower 3He/4He ratios identified in mid-ocean-ridge basalts that form by melting the upper mantle (about 8Ra; ref. 5). A long-standing hypothesis maintains that the high-3He/4He domain resides in the deep mantle, beneath the upper mantle sampled by mid-ocean-ridge basalts, and that buoyantly upwelling plumes from the deep mantle transport high-3He/4He material to the shallow mantle beneath plume-fed hotspots. One problem with this hypothesis is that, while some hotspots have 3He/4He values ranging from low to high, other hotspots exhibit only low 3He/4He ratios. Here we show that, among hotspots suggested to overlie mantle plumes, those with the highest maximum 3He/4He ratios have high hotspot buoyancy fluxes and overlie regions with seismic low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle, unlike plume-fed hotspots with only low maximum 3He/4He ratios. We interpret the relationships between 3He/4He values, hotspot buoyancy flux, and upper-mantle shear wave velocity to mean that hot plumes—which exhibit seismic low-velocity anomalies at depths of 200 kilometres—are more buoyant and entrain both high-3He/4He and low-3He/4He material. In contrast, cooler, less buoyant plumes do not entrain this high-3He/4He material. This can be explained if the high-3He/4He domain is denser than low-3He/4He mantle components hosted in plumes, and if high-3He/4He material is entrained from the deep mantle only by the hottest, most buoyant plumes. Such a dense, deep-mantle high-3He/4He domain could remain isolated from the convecting mantle, which may help to explain the preservation of early Hadean (〉4.5 billion years ago) geochemical anomalies in lavas sampling this reservoir.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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