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  • 1
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    Complete and incomplete fusion in the Be9 +Ta181 reaction (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-30
    Description: Author(s): N. T. Zhang, Y. D. Fang, P. R. S. Gomes, J. Lubian, M. L. Liu, X. H. Zhou, G. S. Li, J. G. Wang, S. Guo, Y. H. Qiang, Y. H. Zhang, D. R. Mendes Junior, Y. Zheng, X. G. Lei, B. S. Gao, Z. G. Wang, K. L. Wang, and X. F. He Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for the Be9 +Ta181 system were measured at near barrier energies, using the offline gamma ray spectroscopy method. The results were compared with coupled channel calculations that do not take into account the coupling of the breakup channel, using a doub... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 024621] Published Fri Aug 29, 2014
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Constructive molecular configurations for surface-defect passivation of perovskite photovoltaics (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Surface trap–mediated nonradiative charge recombination is a major limit to achieving high-efficiency metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics. The ionic character of perovskite lattice has enabled molecular defect passivation approaches through interaction between functional groups and defects. However, a lack of in-depth understanding of how the molecular configuration influences the passivation effectiveness is a challenge to rational molecule design. Here, the chemical environment of a functional group that is activated for defect passivation was systematically investigated with theophylline, caffeine, and theobromine. When N-H and C=O were in an optimal configuration in the molecule, hydrogen-bond formation between N-H and I (iodine) assisted the primary C=O binding with the antisite Pb (lead) defect to maximize surface-defect binding. A stabilized power conversion efficiency of 22.6% of photovoltaic device was demonstrated with theophylline treatment.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Diachronous uplift of the Tibetan plateau starting 40 Myr ago (1998)
    In:  Nature, Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 394, no. 6695, pp. 769-773, pp. B02317, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geol. aspects ; China ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Relative importance of spatial processes and environmental factors in shaping alpine meadow communities (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-29
    Description: Aims Spatial processes and environmental control are the two distinct, yet not mutually exclusive forces of community structuring, but the relative importance of these factors is controversial due to the species-specific dispersal ability, sensitivity towards environmental variables, organism's abundance and the effect of spatial scale. In the present paper, we explored spatial versus environmental control in shaping community composition (i.e. β-diversity) and species turnover (i.e. change of β-diversity) at an alpine meadow along a slope aspect gradient on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau at different spatial scales of sampling (quadrats and plots), by taking account of seed dispersal mode and abundance. Methods We examined the relative importance of spatial processes and environmental factors using all species and four additional subsets of selected species. Moreover, we attempted to explore the effect of scale (quadrat refers to scale of ~0.3 m and plot of ~8 m) on their counter balance. The data were analyzed both by variation partitioning and multiple regressions on distance matrices. The spatial structure was modelled using Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM). Important Findings Both spatial processes and environmental factors were important determinants of the community composition and species turnover. The community composition in the alpine meadow was controlled by spatially structured environment (17.6%), space independent of environment (18.0%) and a negligible effect of environment independent of space (4.4%) at the scale of quadrats. These three components contributed 21.8, 9.9 and 13.9%, respectively, at the scale of plots. The balance between the forces at different spatial scales drove community structures along the slope aspect gradient. The importance of environmental factors on β-diversity at alpine meadow increased with scale while that of spatial processes decreased or kept steady, depending on dispersal mode and abundance of species comprising the subset. But the ‘pure’ effect of spatial processes on species turnover increased with scale while that of environmental factors decreased. This discrepancy highlights that β-diversity and species turnover were determined jointly by spatial processes and environmental factors. We also found that the relative roles of these processes vary with spatial scale. These results underline the importance of considering species-specific dispersal ability and abundance of species comprising the communities and the appropriate spatial scale in understanding the mechanisms of community assembly.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Multilevel social organization and space use in reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-13
    Description: It is increasingly recognized that association patterns of most gregarious animals are nonrandom. However, nonrandom patterns can emerge in any population that exhibits spatial structure, even if individuals associate randomly. In species that lack clearly differentiated social relationships characteristic of socially complex mammals, space use patterns must be considered alongside association patterns in order to establish whether nonrandom association patterns are determined by underlying social structure or are merely an artifact of spatial structure. In this study, we simultaneously consider space use and association patterns for a wild population of reticulated giraffe. We examined whether the giraffe’s flexible fission–fusion association patterns were embedded in higher levels of social organization. We identified multilevel social organization in which individuals were members of social cliques. Cliques were embedded in larger subcommunities, which in turn were embedded in communities. The frequency with which 2 individuals were observed together was positively correlated with the extent to which their home range overlapped, implying an underlying role of shared space use in determining association patterns. However, membership in cliques and subcommunities was relatively unrelated to space use patterns for males. For females, space use played a much larger role in determining multitiered social organization, which is consistent with a matrilineal-based society characterized by female philopatry. Although giraffe social interactions are highly fluid in nature, it is apparent that association patterns in giraffe are not the result of random fission–fusion events but are embedded within a structured social network characterized by multiple levels of organization.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Electric field control and effect of Pd capping on magnetocrystalline anisotropy in FePd thin films: A first-principles study (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-25
    Description: Author(s): P. V. Ong, Nicholas Kioussis, P. Khalili Amiri, J. G Alzate, K. L. Wang, Gregory P. Carman, Jun Hu, and Ruqian Wu Using ab initio electronic structure calculations, we have investigated the effect of an electric field and of a heavy-metal cap of Pd on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of FePd ultrathin film. Analysis of the energy- and k-resolved distribution of the orbital character of the minority-spin ... [Phys. Rev. B 89, 094422] Published Mon Mar 24, 2014
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Strain control magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Ta/FeCo/MgO heterostructures (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: Using ab initio electronic structure calculations, we have investigated the effect of epitaxial strain on magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of Ta/FeCo/MgO heterostructure. At small expansive strains on the FeCo layer, the system exhibits perpendicular MCA (PMA). Strain not only has a profound effect on the value of MCA but also induces a switching of magnetic easy axis. Analysis of the energy- and k -resolved distribution of orbital characters of the minority-spin band reveals that a significant contribution to PMA at zero strain arises from the spin-orbit coupling between occupied d x 2 − y 2 and unoccupied d xy states, derived from Fe at the FeCo/MgO interface. The strain effect is attributed to strain-induced shifts of spin-orbit coupled d -states. Our work demonstrates that strain engineering can open a viable pathway towards tailoring magnetic properties for spintronic applications.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    High-speed graphene transistors with a self-aligned nanowire gate (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-03
    Description: Graphene has attracted considerable interest as a potential new electronic material. With its high carrier mobility, graphene is of particular interest for ultrahigh-speed radio-frequency electronics. However, conventional device fabrication processes cannot readily be applied to produce high-speed graphene transistors because they often introduce significant defects into the monolayer of carbon lattices and severely degrade the device performance. Here we report an approach to the fabrication of high-speed graphene transistors with a self-aligned nanowire gate to prevent such degradation. A Co(2)Si-Al(2)O(3) core-shell nanowire is used as the gate, with the source and drain electrodes defined through a self-alignment process and the channel length defined by the nanowire diameter. The physical assembly of the nanowire gate preserves the high carrier mobility in graphene, and the self-alignment process ensures that the edges of the source, drain and gate electrodes are automatically and precisely positioned so that no overlapping or significant gaps exist between these electrodes, thus minimizing access resistance. It therefore allows for transistor performance not previously possible. Graphene transistors with a channel length as low as 140 nm have been fabricated with the highest scaled on-current (3.32 mA mum(-1)) and transconductance (1.27 mS mum(-1)) reported so far. Significantly, on-chip microwave measurements demonstrate that the self-aligned devices have a high intrinsic cut-off (transit) frequency of f(T) = 100-300 GHz, with the extrinsic f(T) (in the range of a few gigahertz) largely limited by parasitic pad capacitance. The reported intrinsic f(T) of the graphene transistors is comparable to that of the very best high-electron-mobility transistors with similar gate lengths.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965636/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965636/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liao, Lei -- Lin, Yung-Chen -- Bao, Mingqiang -- Cheng, Rui -- Bai, Jingwei -- Liu, Yuan -- Qu, Yongquan -- Wang, Kang L -- Huang, Yu -- Duan, Xiangfeng -- 1DP2OD004342-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD004342-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):305-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09405. Epub 2010 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calibration ; Carbon/*chemistry ; Electric Capacitance ; Electrodes ; Electronics/*instrumentation ; Nanowires/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Temperature ; *Transistors, Electronic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Power loss of slipper/swashplate based on elastohydrodynamic Lubrication model in axial piston pump (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: Energy saving of the hydraulic system is significantly realized by improving the efficiency of the pump. The slipper/swashplate lubricating surface is one of the main energy consumption parts in axial piston pump which is always used in the hydraulic system. Being a hydraulic bearing in axial piston pump, the slipper/swashplate pair exerts both the bearing function and the sealing function under the oscillating working condition. Because of viscous friction and leakage flow, power loss of slipper/swashplate is also one of the main power loss sources in axial piston pump. A precise model of lubricating surfaces, which includes oil film thickness, dynamic pressure field, load carrying ability and energy dissipation, is indispensable to develop more effective lubricating surface morphology. An elastohydrodynamic lubricating oil film model has been established for the sliding surfaces between slipper/swashplate interfaces. The model includes an isothermal fluid model, micro-motion o...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Room-temperature ferroelectricity in supramolecular networks of charge-transfer complexes (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-24
    Description: Materials exhibiting a spontaneous electrical polarization that can be switched easily between antiparallel orientations are of potential value for sensors, photonics and energy-efficient memories. In this context, organic ferroelectrics are of particular interest because they promise to be lightweight, inexpensive and easily processed into devices. A recently identified family of organic ferroelectric structures is based on intermolecular charge transfer, where donor and acceptor molecules co-crystallize in an alternating fashion known as a mixed stack: in the crystalline lattice, a collective transfer of electrons from donor to acceptor molecules results in the formation of dipoles that can be realigned by an external field as molecules switch partners in the mixed stack. Although mixed stacks have been investigated extensively, only three systems are known to show ferroelectric switching, all below 71 kelvin. Here we describe supramolecular charge-transfer networks that undergo ferroelectric polarization switching with a ferroelectric Curie temperature above room temperature. These polar and switchable systems utilize a structural synergy between a hydrogen-bonded network and charge-transfer complexation of donor and acceptor molecules in a mixed stack. This supramolecular motif could help guide the development of other functional organic systems that can switch polarization under the influence of electric fields at ambient temperatures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tayi, Alok S -- Shveyd, Alexander K -- Sue, Andrew C-H -- Szarko, Jodi M -- Rolczynski, Brian S -- Cao, Dennis -- Kennedy, T Jackson -- Sarjeant, Amy A -- Stern, Charlotte L -- Paxton, Walter F -- Wu, Wei -- Dey, Sanjeev K -- Fahrenbach, Albert C -- Guest, Jeffrey R -- Mohseni, Hooman -- Chen, Lin X -- Wang, Kang L -- Stoddart, J Fraser -- Stupp, Samuel I -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):485-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anisotropy ; Crystallization ; *Electricity ; Electron Transport ; *Electrons ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Organometallic Compounds/*chemistry ; Surface Properties ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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