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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and strain dependence of the roughening transition in III-V semiconductor and SiGe epitaxial growth (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical evidence is given for the occurrence of a temperature and strain dependent roughening transition from two dimensional (2-D) monolayer to 3-D island growth in strained III-V compound ternary alloys and GeSi. For sufficiently large strain energy values the shape of the transition curve was found to follow a T∼ε−2f relationship, as predicted from classical nucleation theory arguments, where T is the growth temperature and εf the areal misfit strain energy. The asymptotic behavior in the zero strain energy regime could be reproduced by an empirical curve of a more complex expression. The transition curve appears to separate routes of strain relief in the above systems, which were found to predominantly follow 3-D island formation in the higher, and misfit dislocation formation in the lower growth temperature/strain regime. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360270
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress distributions and defect nucleation in buried heterostructure laser diodes (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3392-3395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shear stress distributions, arising at the corners of the active region of buried heterostructure laser diodes, are calculated for a given mismatch and various dimensions of the buried stripe and also for a single and a multiple quantum well structure. The locations of high stresses are compared to the nucleation sites of shear stress induced defects, as observed by transmission electron microscopy in real lasers. The implications of the defects are illustrated and discussed for the case of an overstress tested diode as well as possibilities to prevent the defect formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356098
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain relaxation in strained buried heterostructure lasers (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1271-1273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Calculations of the stress/strain distribution in a buried strained heterostructure laser are performed for active regions with aspect ratios ranging from 1:1 to 40:1 and an overall misfit strain of 1%. The strain relaxation is found to be small for the high aspect ratios over the central 75% of the active region. Considerable relaxation of the strain occurs at the edges of the active region, however, and throughout the whole cross section for the smaller aspect ratios. The maximum shear stress is found to occur at the corners of the strained region in agreement with previous calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110862
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of wavy growth in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy grown GaInAs/InP superlattices (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2101-2103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of growth temperature, V–III partial pressure ratio in the gas phase, and the nature of the carrier gas on the morphology of lattice matched InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well stacks are investigated. Preliminary results of an extension of this study to strained InGaAs/InP systems are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116893
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The possible role of inorganic thiophosphate as a prebiotic phosphorylating agent (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 3 (1974), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Thiophosphate ; Thymidine ; Phosphorylation of Nucleosides ; Prebiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is proposed that inorganic thiophosphate was a versatile and highly reactive constituent of the primitive earth. Some of the ramifications of this assumption with regard to prebiotic chemistry stem from the dual nature of thiophosphate as the most superior nucleophilic agent and an energy rich phosphate. The Michael addition of thiophosphate to acrylonitrile yieldsS-cyanoethylphosphorothioate in high yield. This compound in turn can be used to phosphorylate 2′-deoxythymidine in organic solvents and in the solid state. A mixture of 5′ and 3′-dTMP were identified via chromatography, elementary analysis and NMR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796047
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the relative activities of a number of promoter constructs from genes which are expressed during late pollen development as determined by particle bombardment (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1995), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The promoters of a tobacco actin gene, a tobacco pectate lyase, a tobacco and maize polygalacturonase and aBrassica S-locus related gene have been fused to theβ-glucuronidase reporter gene and their activities determined by biolistic transient assay in tobacco pollen. In stably transformed tobacco all the transgenes with the exception of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus-35S-β-glucuronidase appear to express efficiently in maturing pollen. Transient assay analysis showed that the tobacco pectate lyase and the polygalacturonase constructs were 8x more active than the tobacco actin construct, and that the tobacco polygalacturonase construct was some 33x more active than the maize polygalacturonase construct. Constructional manipulations that altered the lengths of the 5′-untranslated leaders including one which resulted in the removal of a 490 bp leader intron had little effect on the observed level of expression. However, the alteration of the context of the ATG from A/TnnATGG to CnnATGT resulting in a 70% reduction in the observed levels of activity, was obtained with the pectate lyase and polygalacturonase promoters. An identical reductional was also observed in transgenic plant populations transformed with the polygalacturonase transgenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690275
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of altered codon usage on luciferase activity in tobacco, maize and wheat (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 396-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Luciferase ; Transient expression ; Wheat ; Maize ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the wild-type firefly luciferase reporter gene to a codon-modified gene, available from Promega, demonstrates that in tobacco cell cultures, an increase in G+C content of 1.8%, as a consequence of 36 A/T→G/C synonymous codon alterations and removal of the lysosomal targeting sequence, has no significant effect on expression. In maize Black Mexican Sweet cells and wheat scutellum, increases in activity of 14- to 23-fold and 53- to 59-fold, respectively, are obtained using the codon-modified luciferase with the UBI1 promoter and its leader intron. The observed increase in luc+ expression is most likely a consequence of differences in codon usage reflecting tRNA abundance rather than an increase in the efficiency of intron splicing resulting from the small increase in the G+C content of the coding sequence. This difference in light emission between the wild-type and codon-modified luciferases can be clearly visualised in a low-light imaging camera, making the latter a much more sensitive and useful reporter gene for detecting luciferase activity in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050413
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a gene encoding a single-subunit bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase from maize which is alternatively spliced (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 260 (1998), S. 30-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Maize ; Mitochondria ; RNA polymerase ; Alternative splicing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Single-subunit RNA polymerases belonging to the T3/T7 bacteriophage family are thought to be common throughout eukaryotes. We report the isolation and characterization of a nucleus-encoded single-subunit RNA polymerase gene from maize. This gene is highly homologous to other single-subunit RNA polymerase genes from Arabidopsis, Chenopodium, yeast and Neurospora crassa involved in organellar transcription. Genomic Southern analysis reveals 10 to 15 hybridising fragments, suggesting that maize contains a small gene family. The isolated gene contains 19 exons and its genomic structure is highly conserved when compared to the three Arabidopsis homologues. Unlike the case in Arabidopsis, intron-12 of the maize bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase gene is alternatively spliced. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the resultant alternatively spliced transcript represents approximately 21 to 26% of the total polymerase mRNA in maize coleoptiles. The orthologous wheat bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase is also alternatively spliced and the intron exhibits 78% identity to maize intron-12. The conservation in alternative splicing between wheat and maize and its absence from Arabidopsis suggest a functional requirement for the alternatively spliced product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050867
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffraction contrast near heterostructure boundaries - its nature and its application (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 288-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: α/δ-Boundary ; Strain analysis ; Finite element method ; 90°-wedges ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Two phenomena of diffraction contrast arising at or near III-V compound hetero-structure boundaries are described and quantitatively analyzed. In the first observation α/δ-fringe contrast at boundaries inclined to the electron beam is discussed. Theoretical fringe profiles are generated according to the theory by Gevers et al. in 1964, which are then compared with experimental profiles. Applications to the characterization of AlGaAs/GaAs and InGaAsP/InP interfaces regarding composition, abruptness, and lattice tilt are presented. In the second study a new and very sensitive characterization technique for the direct determination of the strain in strainedlayer structures is described. The method uses electron microscope images of 90°-wedges, which exhibit a shift in the thickness contours due to strain relaxation at the edge, and compares these to images which are obtained theoretically by implementing finite element strain calculations in wedges in the dynamical theory of diffraction contrast. The considerable potential of this method is demonstrated on the strain analysis of strained GaInAs/GaAs structures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240403
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  • 10
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    Suppression of wavy growth in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy grown GaInAs/InP superlattices (1996)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-30
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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