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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorine bonding sites and bonding configurations on Si(100)–(2×1) (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 8308-8323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combination of experimental methods has been employed for the study of Cl2 adsorption and reaction on Si(100)–(2×1). At 100 K, Cl2 adsorption occurs rapidly to a coverage of ∼0.7 Cl/Si. This is followed by slower adsorption kinetics with further Cl2 exposure. Two Cl adsorption states are observed experimentally. One of the adsorption states is terminally bonded Cl on the inclined dangling bond of the symmetric Si2 dimer sites, with a vibrational frequency, ν(SiCl) of 550∼600 cm−1. These bonded Cl atoms give four off-normal Cl+ ESDIAD emission beams from the orthogonal domains of silicon dimer sites. The Si–Cl bond angle for this adsorption configuration is estimated to be inclined 25°±4° off-normal. The second Cl adsorption state, a minority species, is bridge bonded Cl with ν(Si2Cl) of ∼295 cm−1 which produces Cl+ ion emission along the surface normal direction. Both adsorption states are present at low temperatures. Irreversible conversion from bridge bonded Cl to terminally bonded Cl begins to occur near 300 K; the conversion is complete near ∼673 K. LEED studies indicate that the (2×1) reconstruction for the substrate is preserved for all Cl coverages. The most probable Cl+ kinetic energy in electron stimulated desorption, ESD, is 1.1−+0.30.6 eV. A significant adsorbate-adsorbate quenching effect reducing the Cl+ ion yield in ESD occurs above a Cl(a) coverage of ∼0.5 ML (monolayer) due to interadsorbate interactions. The maximum Cl+ yield is about 4×10−7 Cl+/e at an electron energy of 120 eV. Temperature programmed desorption results show that SiCl2 is the major etching product which desorbs at about 840 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464536
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge: A strong condensation phenomenon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 4507-4512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Profile effects of the radiation, temperature, and the effect of atomic processes on thermal condensation instability in the tokamak edge are considered. The most important influence comes from a strong condensation effect due to the atomic processes and particle transport. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871588
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal disorder in adsorbed Cl on Si(100) (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 5581-5585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal broadening of Cl+ electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution (ESDIAD) patterns, related to the vibrational motion of the adsorbate, has been investigated by subtraction of patterns measured at different temperatures. In the case of Cl on Si(100), the observed difference pattern between 130 and 305 K indicates that azimuthally isotropic motion of Cl occurs about the most probable Si–Cl bond direction. Equal distributions from the in-plane and out-of-plane bending motions are observed, correlating with the ∼200 cm−1 frequencies associated with these motions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465950
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial electric field shear generation by drift-thermal turbulence (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2763-2765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The self-consistent radial electric field shear generated by a drift-thermal turbulence is studied in some detail. A set of new dynamical equations is derived. In this model, there exist three kinds of equilibrium states. The first is the zero shear state of the radial electric field; the second is the positive shear state of the radial electric field; and the third is the negative shear state of the radial electric field. But only the negative shear state may be stable. Two kinds of stable states with the negative shear radial electric field are relevant to the behavior such as that exhibited by high (H) mode and by edge localized modes (ELMs), respectively. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872146
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal dissociation of NO on Pd surfaces: The influence of step sites (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 6837-6845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal behavior of NO on (flat) Pd(111) and (stepped) Pd(112) has been investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) techniques. NO is shown to adsorb molecularly on both Pd(111) and Pd(112) in the temperature range 300–373 K. NO desorbs molecularly from Pd(111) near 500 K with evidence for slight NO dissociation. In contrast, on Pd(112), in addition to NO, relatively large amounts of N2(7x) and N2O(15x) are observed to desorb near 500 K, compared to Pd(111). This result indicates that the influence of the step sites on Pd(112) is to catalyze the decomposition of NO upon heating. This is a surprising result in light of the fact that NO molecules preferentially bind to terrace sites, instead of step sites, on Pd(112). HREELS measurements indicate the presence of small amounts of surface-bound O (resulting from NO thermal decomposition) coadsorbed with NO on both Pd(111) and Pd(112) after NO adsorption at 373 K, followed by 490 K annealing. In addition, HREELS provides evidence for the existence of subsurface O formed only on Pd(112) during this procedure. The presence of steps on Pd(112) presumably offers an efficient pathway for O incorporation within the outermost Pd layers, as no spectroscopic evidence for subsurface O exists for Pd(111). Annealing both surfaces to 550 K induces the diffusion of both surface O and subsurface O into the Pd bulk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Step site bonding on a vicinal Si(100) surface upon Cl2 adsorption (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2946-2950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characteristic chlorine bonding sites have been detected on a vicinal Si(100) single crystal surface exposing Si(100) terraces, 7–8 Si atoms in width. These terraces are separated by two-atom layer height steps. Following annealing to 673 K, three Cl+ beams are observed by the electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution method. Two of the Cl+ beams originate from silicon-dimer dangling bond sites on the Si(100) terraces. The third Cl+ beam is associated with the Si–Cl bond on the step sites, and under zero field conditions it emits Cl+ at a polar angle of 24±2° with respect to the 〈100〉 direction, in the downstairs direction. The direction of Cl+ emission from the step site is qualitatively consistent with the theoretical model of the step reconstruction proposed by Chadi. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of Chemisorbed NO with Dissolved D/Pd(111). Production of D2O (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 12075-12079 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100097a037
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual Adsorption Site Occupation Sequence: NO Adsorption on Stepped Pd(112) (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 3901-3903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a028
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of stomatal conductance to quantify the relationship between leaf transpiration, microclimate and soil water stress (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A model of stomatal conductance was developed to relate plant transpiration rate to photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), vapour pressure deficit and soil water potential. Parameters of the model include sensitivity of osmotic potential of guard cells to photosynthetic active radiation, elastic modulus of guard cell structure, soil-to-leaf conductance and osmotic potential of guard cells at zero PAR. The model was applied to field observations on three functional types that include 11 species in subtropical southern China. Non-linear statistical regression was used to obtain parameters of the model. The result indicated that the model was capable of predicting stomatal conductance of all the 11 species and three functional types under wide ranges of environmental conditions. Major conclusions included that coniferous trees and shrubs were more tolerant for and resistant to soil water stress than broad-leaf trees due to their lower osmotic potential, lignified guard cell walls, and sunken and suspended guard cell structure under subsidiary epidermal cells. Mid-day depression in transpiration and photosynthesis of pines may be explained by decreased stomatal conductance under a large vapour pressure deficit. Stomatal conductance of pine trees was more strongly affected by vapour pressure deficit than that of other species because of their small soil-to-leaf conductance, which is explainable in terms of xylem tracheids in conifer trees. Tracheids transport water by means of small pit-pairs in their side walls, and are much less efficient than the end-perforated vessel members in broad-leaf xylem systems. These conclusions remain hypothetical until direct measurements of these parameters are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00926.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of intestinal helminth communities of carp from six lakes in the flood plain of the Yangtze River, China (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The infra- and component communities of intestinal helminths of carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated in six lakes in the flood plain of the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Eight species of helminth parasites were recorded. The intestinal helminth communities were species rich in Niushan and Tonghu lakes where the digenean Asymphylodora japonica was the dominant species, whereas in Qinggang and Yanglan lakes a species-poor helminth community had only one species, Khawia sinensis. The degree of similarity within localities was highest in Qinggang and Yanglan lakes, and was high between communities where K. sinensis was the dominant species. The rich composition of these helminth communities may be because China is the heartland for carp while the poor helminth composition of those in Qinggang and Yanglan lakes may reflect the poor fauna there. It is suggested that species compositions of intestinal helminth communities of carp may be diversified in lakes in the flood plain of the Yangtze River.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00620.x
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