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  • 1
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    Post-Pinatubo Optical Depth Spectra vs Latitude and Vortex Structure: Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer Measurements in AASE 2 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-09
    Beschreibung: In January and March 1992, DC-8-measured stratospheric particle optical depth spectra, tau(sub p)(lambda), peaked broadly at midvisible or longer wavelengths. At mid-to-high northern latitudes outside the vortex, tau(sub p)(526 nm) nm) above about 11 km was as large as 0.22 in both January and March, reflecting continued Pinatubo volcanic influence. In both months, in-vortex tau(sub p)(lambda) above 11 km was smaller than outside-vortex values by a factor of two or more, and in January a strong anticorrelation was observed between tau(sub p)(lambda) and HF column content (an indicator of vortex penetration). In late January at 18-20S, near the edge of the southern subtropical jet, tau(sub p)(526 nm) above 12 km was only about 0.07-0.09, with a flatter spectral shape than northern mid- to high-latitude measurements in both January and March. Occasional high-latitude vertical profiles indicate 6-11-km slab optical depths, Delta tau(sub p)(526 nm), of 0.05 to 0.1, which should be added to the above-11-km values to yield values above 6 km.
    Schlagwort(e): Environment Pollution
    Materialart: Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition 2 Air Parcel Trajectories (ISSN 0094-8534); Volume 20; No. 22; 2571-2574; NASA-TM-112699
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Shear stress enhances microcin B17 production in a rotating wall bioreactor, but ethanol stress does not (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Stress, including that caused by ethanol, has been shown to induce or promote secondary metabolism in a number of microbial systems. Rotating-wall bioreactors provide a low stress and simulated microgravity environment which, however, supports only poor production of microcin B17 by Escherichia coli ZK650, as compared to production in agitated flasks. We wondered whether the poor production is due to the low level of stress and whether increasing stress in the bioreactors would raise the amount of microcin B17 formed. We found that applying shear stress by addition of a single Teflon bead to a rotating wall bioreactor improved microcin B17 production. By contrast, addition of various concentrations of ethanol to such bioreactors (or to shaken flasks) failed to increase microcin B17 production. Ethanol stress merely decreased production and, at higher concentrations, inhibited growth. Interestingly, cells growing in the bioreactor were much more resistant to the growth-inhibitory and production-inhibitory effects of ethanol than cells growing in shaken flasks.
    Schlagwort(e): Aerospace Medicine
    Materialart: Applied microbiology and biotechnology (ISSN 0175-7598); Volume 56; 3-4; 384-7
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  • 3
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    Induction of microcin B17 formation in Escherichia coli ZK650 by limitation of oxygen and glucose is independent of glucose consumption rate (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We examined the consumption of glucose from the media in which Escherichia coli ZK650 was grown. This organism, which produces the polypeptide antibiotic microcin B17 best under conditions of limiting supplies of glucose and air, was grown with a low level of glucose (0.5 mg/ml) as well as a high level (5.0 mg/ml) under both high and low aeration. Glucose consumption rates were virtually identical under both high and low aeration. Thus, glucose consumption rate is not a regulating factor in microcin B17 formation.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology (ISSN 1367-5435); Volume 26; 6; 341-4
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  • 4
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    Single-parameter characterization of discrete-dislocation pileup tipfield and its application to physically based micro-mechanics (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The equivalence between continuous dislocation pileups and cracks is reviewed. The force on the leading dislocation is defined and a general method of calculation of the force is proposed. The equivalence relations are given. Based on the analysis by Eshelby, Frank, and Nabarro and the numerical calculations by Chou and Li and Armstrong et al, it will be shown that the force, F, on the locked leading dislocation of a discrete pileup is capable of characterizing uniquely the stress, strain, and displacement fields at the tip of the pileup, including the positions of the discrete mobile dislocations behind the leading dislocation. Conversely, the positions of the mobile dislocations can be used to measure F. If the propagation of micro-slips and the initiation of micro-fractures at the tip of a pileup are controlled by resolved shear stress and normal cleavage stress respectively, the resolved shear stress intensity coefficient, ReSIC, and the resolved cleavage stress intensity coefficient, ReCIC, must be constant.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: In: Morris E. Fine Symposium, TMS Fall Meeting, Detroit, MI, Oct. 8-11, 1990, Proceedings (A93-12101 02-23); p. 375-381.
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  • 5
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    Design and performance/measurement simulation studies for a ER-2 sunphotometer (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Work and results, including developed software, obtained under this grant (NAG 2-620) have been reported in various progress reports, an M.S. Thesis, and software programs. The purpose of this final report is simply to provide a documented listing of what has already been reported. This includes the following: (1) Conceptual Design and Simulation of a Spectral Sunphotometer for the ER-2 Aircraft; (2) Continued Simulation and Design Studies for an ER-2 Sunphotometer; and (3) Simulation and Performance Studies of a Spectra Sunphotometer for the ER-2 Aircraft. Also, software and computational results for modeling airmass and diffuse light effects due to aerosols were provided in support of NASA ARC research on the effects of aerosols resulting from the Pinatubo volcanic eruptions. The references for these articles are as follows: (1) Post Pinatubo Optical Depth Spectra vs. Latitude and Vortex Structure; and (2) Pinatubo and Pre-Pinatubo Optical-Depth Spectra -- Mauna Loa Measurements, Comparisons, Inferred Particle Size Distributions, Radiative Effects, and Relationships to Lidar Data.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: NASA-CR-196782 , NAS 1.26:196782
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Characterization of the tip field of a discrete dislocation pileup for the development of physically based micromechanics (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: It is shown, on the basis of calculations by Eshelby et al. (1951), Armstrong et al. (1966), and Chou and Li (1969), that a single parameter, such as the force on the leading dislocation (F), the crack extension force, or the stress intensity factor, is capable of characterizing uniquely the entire tip field of a discrete dislocation pileup, including the positions of mobile dislocations behind the locked leading dislocation at the tip. Conversely, the position of the i-th mobile dislocation X(i) is related to the value of F and is capable of characterizing the entire stress, strain, and displacement fields at the tip of a discrete dislocation pileup. If the interactions between dislocations are linear elastic, the measured positions of the mobile dislocations can be used to determine the value of F, which can then be used as a quantitative measure of the strength of a dislocation barrier resisting the propagation of a microslip or the nucleation of a microfracture.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Metallurgical Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science (ISSN 0360-2133); 21A; 2087-208
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  • 7
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    The equivalence between dislocation pile-ups and cracks (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Cracks and dislocation pile-ups are equivalent to each other. In this paper, the physical equivalence between cracks and pile-ups is delineated, and the relationshps between crack-extension force, force on the leading dislocation, stress-intensity factor, and dislocation density are reviewed and summarized. These relations make it possible to extend quantitatively the recent advances in the concepts and practices of fracture mechanics to the studies of microfractures and microplastic deformations.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics (ISSN 0167-8442); 12; 195-204
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  • 8
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    The development of physically based micro-mechanics - Based on the characteristic tip field of dislocation pileup (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Based on the analytical solution by Eshelby et al. (1951) and the numerical calculations by Chou and Li (1969) and Armstrong et al. (1962), it is shown that the force, F, on the locked leading dislocation of a discrete dislocation pileup is capable of characterizing uniquely the stress, strain, and displacement field at the tip of the pileup, including the positions of the discrete mobile dislocations next to the leading dislocation. Conversely, the positions of the mobile dislocations can be used to measure F. The F thus measured can be used to study micro-plastic deformation and micro-fractures at grain boundaries or any other dislocation barriers.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics (ISSN 0167-8442); 13; 181-191
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  • 9
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    Post-Pinatubo Optical Depth Spectra VS. Latitude and Vortex Structure: Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer Measurements in AASE 2 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: In January and March 1992, DC-8-measured stratospheric particle optical depth spectra, (tau)(sub p)(lambda), peaked broadly at midvisible or longer wavelengths. At mid-to-high northern latitudes outside the vortex, tau(sub p)(526 microns) above about 11 km was as large as 0.22 in both January and March, reflecting continued Pinatubo volcanic influence. In both months, in-vortex tau(sub p) above 11 km was smaller than outside-vortex values by a factor of two or more, and in January a strong anticorrelation was observed between tau(sub p)(lambda) and HF column content (an indicator of vortex penetration). In late January at 18-20S, near the edge of the southern subtropical jet, tau(sub p)(526 microns) above 12 km was only about 0.07- 0.09, with a flatter spectral shape than northern mid-to high-latitude measurements in both January and March. Occasional high-latitude vertical profiles indicate 6-1 km slab optical depths, delta(tau)(sub p)(526 micron), of 0.05 to 0.1, which should be added to the above-11-km values to yield values above 6 km.
    Schlagwort(e): Geophysics
    Materialart: NASA-TM-112679 , NASA 1.15:112679 , Paper-93GL03006 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8534); 20; 22; 2571-2574
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