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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-01-26
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1145-1155 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Acoustical properties of solids ; Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics and physical effects of sound ; Transduction, devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Un sistema interferometrico laser a spostamento è stato adattato per misurare gli spostamenti meccanici di campioni di materiali piezoelettrici e ferroelettrici trascinati da campi elettrici ciclici. Si trova che possono esistere risonanze meccaniche di ampiezza abbastanza grande indipendentemente da qualsiasi apprezzabile disturbo elettrico. Le si riscontra anche in campioni vergini e depolarizzati di ceramiche ferroelettriche. Le prime prove sperimentali suggeriscono che questo fenomeno dipende nella struttura a domìni dei materiali ferroelettrici.
    Abstract: Резюме Смещние лазерной интерферометрической системьи бьило приспособ-пено для измерения меанических смещений образцов пяезоэлектрических и ферроэлектрических материалов, вьизванньих циклическими электрическими полями. Обнаружено, что мэханические резонансьо с довольно большми амплитудами могут существоать независимо для любьих заметньих электрических возмушений. Эти резонансьи также обнаруженьи в образцах феррозлектрической кереники. Предварительньие экспериментальньие результатьи свипетельствуют, что это явление зависит от домэмами струкурьи ферроэлектричэскик матэроалпв.
    Notes: Summary A displacement laser interferometer system has been adapted to measure the mechanical displacements of specimens of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials driven by cyclic electric fields. It is found that mechanical resonances of quite large amplitudes can exist independent of any noticeable electrical disturbances. They are also detected in virgin and depoled specimens of ferroelectric ceramics. Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that this phenomenon depends on the domain structure of the ferroelectric materials.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 4 (1984), S. 280-292 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Anelasticity ; internal friction ; and mechanical resonances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Un nuovo fenomeno di accoppiamento elettromeccanico è stato determinato nella ceramica elettroottica PLZT 7/65/35 con l’aiuto di un sistema interferometro-laser a raggio doppio. Specificamente, quando si applica un voltaggio d.c. a piccola ampiezza attraverso un campione vergine di materiale, il campione deflette nella direzione opposta alla direzione positiva del voltaggio con nessuno sforzo assiale misurato associato. L’osservazione resta valida quando è innescata la polarità del voltaggio. Quando si applicano voltaggi a.c., i comportamenti vibrazionali e il senso degli spostamenti meccanici dipendono dagli intervalli di frequenza dei voltaggi applicati. In particolare, essi cambiano quando il campione passa attraverso quelle specifiche risonanze meccanichesolo con anelli nodali e non attraverso quelle con anelli nodalie diametri nodali.
    Abstract: Резюме Обнаружено новое явление электромеханической связи в злектрооптической керамике PLZT 7/65/35 с помощью двухлучевой лазерной интерферомет-рической системы. Когда небольшое постоянное напряжение подается на исходный образец материала, то образец будет изгибаться в направлении противоположном положительному направлению напряжения, что сопровождается неизмеримым аксиальным напряжением. Явление по-прежнему имеет место, если полярность приложенного напряжения изменяется. Когда прикладывается переменное напряжение, то колебания образца и направление механических смещений зависят от области частот приложенных напряжений. В частности, они изменяются, когда образец проходит через определнные механические резонансы.
    Notes: Summary A new electromechanical-coupling phenomenon has been detected in the electro-optic ceramic PLZT7/65/35 with the aid of a dual-beam laser-interferometer system. Specifically, when a low-amplitude d.c. voltage is applied across a virgin specimen of the material, the specimen will deflect in the direction opposite to the positive direction of the voltage with no measurable accompanying axial strain. The observation remains valid when the polarity of the voltage is switched. When a.c. voltages are applied, the vibrational patterns and the sense of the mechanical displacements depend on the frequency ranges of the applied voltages. In particular, they change when the specimen goes through those specific mechanical resonances with nodal ringsonly, and not those with nodal ringsand nodal diameters.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 331-346 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Theory of electronic transport ; scattering mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si trattano i problemi generali della evoluzione delle ampiezze e superfici d'onda associate a discontinuità meccaniche ed elettriche nei materiali piezoelettrici. I risultati presentati sono importanti per onde d'urto che si propagano in tutti i materiali che obbediscono alle relazioni costitutive classiche della piezoelettricità, incluso come caso speciale l'elasticità anisotropica lineare. Si considera uno specifico esempio che riguarda un singolo cristallo BaTiO3. L'esempio illustra gli intricati risultati quantitativi che si possono ottenere come conseguenza delle analisi.
    Abstract: Резюме В этой статье рассматриваются общие проблемы эволюции фронтов и амплитуд ударных волн, связанных с механическими и электрическими разрывами в пьезоэлектрических материалах. Полученные реэультаты относятся к ударным волнам, распространяющимся во всех материалах, которые подчиняются классическим конститутивным соотношениям пьезоэлектричества, включая, как частный случай, линейную анизотропную упрутость. Как пример, рассматривается монокристалл BaTiO3.
    Notes: Summary The general problems of the evolution of wave surfaces and amplitudes associated with mechanical and electrical discontinuities in piezoelectric materials are dealt with in this paper. The results presented are relevant to shock waves propagating in all materials obeying the classical constitutive relations of piezoelectricity, including as a special case linear anisotropic elasticity. A specific example concerning BaTiO3 single crystal is considered. The example illustrates the intricate quantitative results which may be obtained as a consequence of the analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 8 (1986), S. 481-496 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Mechanical vibrations and shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Microscopicamente, quando le molecole di certi materiali sono sotto l'influenza di stimoli esterni come le forze meccaniche ed elettriche, molti processi possono verficicarsi. In particolare, i centri di carica degli ioni positivi e negativi di una molecola possono spostarsi l'uno rispetto all'altro. Questa nozione porta al concetto macroscopico di polarizzazione che è stato spiegato negli studi classici di materiali piezoelettrici e ferro-elettrici. Inoltre, gli ioni della molecola possono anche ruotare angolarmente uno rispetto all'altro. Qui si introduce un concetto macroscopico interamente nuovo di coppia di corpi che differisce dal concetto classico. Si mostra che le piú semplici rappresentazioni delle relazioni costitutive proposte portano ad un'equazione nel contesto della teoria classica di piegamento di lamine sottili la cui soluzione è in marcato accordo con recenti risultati sperimentali che riguardano il piegamento di dischi ceramici ferroelettrici vergini sottili sotto l'azione di piccoli voltaggi d.c. Questi risultati non possono essere spiegati dalla nozione classica di polarizzazione. Perciò il conceto di coppia macroscopica di corpi introdotto qui è un aspetto fondamentale di cui deve esser tenuto conto nelle considerazioni delle interazioni elettromagnetiche.
    Abstract: Резюме На микроскопическом уровне, когда молекулы некоторых вещетсв находятся под влиянием внешних воздеиствий, таких как механические и электри-ческие силы, могут происходить различные процессы. В частности, центры зарядов положительного и отрицательного ионов молекулы могут смежаться относительно друт друга. Это представление приводит к макроскопической концеЩии полярм-зации, которая используется для классического описания пьероэлектрических и фер-роэлектрических магериалов. Кроме того, ионы могут также вращаться относительно друга. В этой работе предлагается новая макроскопическя концещия пуры тел, которая отличается от классической концещии. Показывается, что простеишие предсгавления предложенных конституивных соотношений приводят к уравнению классическои теории изгиба тонких пластии, резение которого хоршо согласуется с недавними зксперименталвными результатми, касающимися изгиба тонкиш первчных ферроэлектриических керамических дисков под действием неболщих ростоянных напряжении. Эти экспериментальные результатами, касающимия изгиба тонких первчных феррозлеских керамических дисков под действием неболбших постоянных напряжении. Эти эксперименталжные результаты не могли быть объяс-нены с помощью классического представления поляризации Следователбно, консещия макроскопической пары тел, введенная в этой статюе, должна учитываться при рассмотрении электромехнических взаимодействий.
    Notes: Summary Microscopically, when the molecules of certain materials are under the influence of external stimuli such as mechanical and electrical forces, several processes can happen. In particular, the centers of charge of the positive and negative ions of a molecule may displace with respect to each other. This notion leads to the macroscopic concept of polarization which has been exploited in the classical studies of piezo-electric and ferroelectric materials. In addition, the ions of the molecule may also rotate angularly relative to one another. Here an entirely new macroscopic concept of body couple which differs from the classical concept is introduced. It is show that the simplest representations of the proposed constitutive relations lead to an equation within the context of the classical bending theory of thin plates whose solution is in remarkable agreement with recent experimental results concerning the bending of thin virgin ferroelectric ceramic discs under the action of small d.c. voltages. These experimental results cannot be explained by the classical notion of polarization. Therefore, the concept of macroscopic body couple introduced here is a fundamental feature which must be taken into account in the considerations of electromechanical interactions.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 7690-7699 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption and desorption kinetics for Xe on three Pt single crystalline surfaces have been measured using threshold temperature programmed desorption measurements. It has been found that the first-order desorption kinetic parameters at zero coverage for Xe on Pt(111) (E0d =5.73±0.50 kcal/mol; ν0d=1012.5±0.9 s−1) are in excellent agreement with measurements made by a modulated molecular beam method [E0d =5.65±0.35 kcal/mol; ν0d=1012.1 s−1]. The presence of step defect sites of varying density on Pt(557) (1/6 defects) and on Pt(112) (1/3 defects) is shown to have a marked influence on Xe desorption kinetics, producing larger values of E0d(approximately-equal-to)8.5–8.7 kcal/mol and larger values of ν0d (approximately-equal-to)1014 s−1 compared to Pt(111). In addition, for Pt(111), slight attractive Xe–Xe interactions are observed, whereas for Xe adsorption on step sites, repulsive Xe–Xe interactions are observed as the steps fill. Xe adsorption kinetics on Pt(111) at 87 K are consistent with an island growth mechanism. In contrast, on Pt(557) and Pt(112), the adsorption process does not seem to produce island growth on the terraces. These results, taken together, show that using Xe, defect sites on metals may be probed effectively with adsorption and desorption kinetic methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3155-3160 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of decaborane (B10H14) and its doping effects on Si(111)-(7×7) has been investigated by surface spectroscopies. Upon adsorption between 100 and 300 K, molecular decaborane was identified on the surface by high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) by the absence of Si-H surface species production. The thermal decomposition of adsorbed decaborane molecules at higher temperatures involves a preferential removal of hydrogen from the weaker B—H—B linkage. H2 thermal desorption was observed to cover a wide temperature range between 300 and 900 K. Clean boron deposition on the surface was achieved at ∼900 K. Upon heating to ∼1275 K, extensive boron diffusion into bulk silicon produced a highly B-doped region below the surface (∼103 A(ring)) with a carrier hole concentration on the order of ∼1019 cm−3 depending upon the initial surface boron coverage and annealing conditions. The surface adopted a ((square root of)3×(square root of)3)R30° reconstruction with a nominal 1/3 ML boron occupying subsurface substitutional sites. Both the localized B-Si vibration and carrier surface plasmon excitation were observed by HREELS at 100 K.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have attempted to optimize the values of the giant magnetoresistance in symmetric spin valves of the type NiO/Co/Cu/Co/Cu/Co/NiO (achieving 23.4%) and in bottom spin valves of the type Co/Cu/Co/NiO (achieving 17.0%), the largest values ever reported for such structures. The key elements in this achievement are improved vacuum conditions and careful attention to the film thicknesses. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 8831-8842 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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