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  • 1
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    Regulation of a pulsed random fiber laser in the Q-switched regime (2016)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-17
    Print ISSN: 1612-2011
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-202X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 2
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    Differences in carbon cycle and temperature projections from emission- and concentration-driven earth system model simulations (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: The influence of prognostic and prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on the carbon uptake and temperature is investigated using all eight Earth System Models (ESMs) with relevant output variables from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the projected [CO2] differences in 2100 vary from −19.7 to +207.3 ppm in emission-driven ESMs. Incorporation of the interactive concentrations also increases the range of global warming, computed as the 20 year average difference between 2081–2100 and 1850–1869/1861–1880, by 49% from 2.36 K (i.e. ranging from 3.11 to 5.47 K) in the concentration-driven simulations to 3.51 K in the emission-driven simulations. The observed seasonal amplitude of global [CO2] from 1980–2011 is about 1.2–5.3 times as large as those from the eight emission-driven ESMs, while the [CO2] seasonality is simply neglected in concentration-driven ESMs, suggesting the urgent need of ESM improvements in this area. The temperature-concentration feedback parameter α is more sensitive to [CO2] (e.g. during 1980–2005 versus 2075–2100) than how [CO2] is handled (i.e. prognostic versus prescribed). This sensitivity can be substantially reduced by using a more appropriate parameter α' computed from the linear regression of temperature change versus that of the logarithm of [CO2]. However, the inter-model relative variations of both α and α' remain large, suggesting the need of more detailed studies to understand and hopefully reduce these discrepancies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2190-4995
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of the kinetic fate of a thiamin diphosphate bound enamine intermediate on brewers' yeast pyruvate decarboxylase. Kinetic and regiospecific consequences of allosteric activation (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 113 (1991), S. 5842-5849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00015a044
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of modified weighted density functional theory: Freezing of simple liquids (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 2692-2700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new formulation of the weighted density approximation, the so-called modified weighted density approximation (MWDA), has been developed recently by Denton and Ashcroft [Phys. Rev. A39, 4701 (1989)]. In the present article, the MWDA theory is examined by applying it to the freezing of simple liquids in low dimensions such as one-dimensional hard rods and two-dimensional hard disks, and also applying it to three-dimensional adhesive hard spheres and classical one-component plasma systems. Comparisons with previous density functional investigations and computer simulations are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458907
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas–liquid nucleation in Lennard-Jones fluids (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 4472-4478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have applied a nonclassical density functional theory of nucleation to the gas–liquid and liquid–gas transitions of a Lennard-Jones fluid. For the liquid-to-gas transition (cavitation) deviations from classical theory are extremely large: 15 orders of magnitude in rates. For the gas-to-liquid transition (condensation) the deviations are smaller in magnitude but still systematic. Our nonclassical theory agrees with classical theory in its prediction of the dependence of nucleation rates on supersaturation, but it differs in its prediction of temperature dependence. Good agreement is found between our theory and experiments on condensation nucleation of nonane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460603
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density functional theory for freezing of a binary hard sphere liquid (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 4357-4363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our recently proposed effective liquid free energy model (ELFEM) density functional theory is extended to nonuniform binary systems. The theory is based on mapping the excess free energy of a nonuniform binary system onto that of an effective binary liquid. In the uniform density limit, the theory is required to reproduce the known properties of the liquid. The present theory is applied to the freezing of a binary hard sphere liquid into a substitutionally disordered fcc solid. Comparisons with previous density functional investigations and recent computer simulations are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458719
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal–melt surface widths of simple liquids and an empirical law of freezing. II (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 5208-5209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We propose a relation among the crystal–melt surface tension τsl, the compressibility KT, and the thickness wsl of the crystal–melt interface for simple liquids, based on the density-functional approach of Moore and Raveche.1 Combining this with a similar relation in note I by Mon and Stroud, we obtain a formula connecting the surface tension ratio τsl/τlv, and ratio of surface width wsl/wlv. A new empirical law of freezing is conjectured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456541
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous nucleation on mesoscopic wettable particles: A hybrid thermodynamic/density-functional theory (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 1851-1868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A hybrid thermodynamic and density-functional theory for heterogeneous nucleation on mesoscopic wettable particles is developed. The nonlocal density-functional theory (DFT) is on basis of the weighted-density approximation (WDA) of Tarazona. The model system consists of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid and a 9–3 LJ wall for the solid particle. Effects of the droplet curvature and compressibility are accounted for in the theory. A by-product of this work is the calculation of the Tolman length using the WDA-DFT (Appendix A). Important characteristics of the heterogeneous nucleation, including the chemical potential of the liquid condensate, the free energy of droplet formation, and the barrier height to nucleation, are obtained. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1485733
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulation of homogeneous binary vapor–liquid nucleation: Mutual enhancement of nucleation in a partially miscible system (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 8518-8524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By means of a constrained canonical-ensemble Monte Carlo technique the equilibrium physical cluster distribution {nij} in a supersaturated vapor mixture is computed. From this the intensive Gibbs free energy of ij-cluster formation ΔGij is obtained via the relation nij=Ne−ΔGij/kBT, where N is the number of molecules in the system, T is temperature, and kB is the Boltzmann constant. The saddle point on the free energy surface ΔGij versus i and j provides a measure of the activation barrier to nucleation ΔG*. A statistical mechanical formula of ΔGij is derived based on the physical-cluster theory of nucleation, and from which a molecular interpretation of ΔGij is given. We applied the Monte Carlo method to investigate the mutual enhancement of nucleation in a binary model system which is composed of spherical Lennard-Jones monomers and rigid Lennard-Jones dimers consisting of a monophilic atom and a monophobic atom. This model system bears some qualitative similarity to the partially miscible water/higher alcohol systems in which the mutual enhancement of nucleation has been observed experimentally. The simulation confirms the existence of mutual enhancement of nucleation in monomer-rich vapors, as originally predicted by Napari and Laaksonen from a density-functional theory [Napari and Laaksonen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2184 (2000)]. The nucleation enhancement is also seen in dimer-rich vapors at high supersaturations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1409364
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear effects of physisorption on static friction (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 11293-11296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of a physisorbed film on the force of static friction in a model contact (monatomic adsorbate confined between plane-parallel walls) were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. At fixed coverage the friction curve (shear yield stress vs normal stress) exhibits a marked nonlinearity, which results from a competition between adsorbate–wall interactions that predominate at low loads and wall–wall interactions that set in beyond a threshold load, which increases with coverage. Previous proximal-probe and computer experiments, carried out at high coverages, see only the initial (low-load) linear portion of the friction curve. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326416
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