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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: Novae are thermonuclear explosions on a white dwarf surface fueled by mass accreted from a companion star. Current physical models posit that shocked expanding gas from the nova shell can produce x-ray emission, but emission at higher energies has not been widely expected. Here, we report the Fermi Large Area Telescope detection of variable gamma-ray emission (0.1 to 10 billion electron volts) from the recently detected optical nova of the symbiotic star V407 Cygni. We propose that the material of the nova shell interacts with the dense ambient medium of the red giant primary and that particles can be accelerated effectively to produce pi(0) decay gamma-rays from proton-proton interactions. Emission involving inverse Compton scattering of the red giant radiation is also considered and is not ruled out.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi-LAT Collaboration -- Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Atwood, W B -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Brandt, T J -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Burnett, T H -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Carrigan, S -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chaty, S -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Conrad, J -- Corbel, S -- Corbet, R -- DeCesar, M E -- den Hartog, P R -- Dermer, C D -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Donato, D -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dubus, G -- Dumora, D -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Ferrara, E C -- Fortin, P -- Frailis, M -- Fuhrmann, L -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Healey, S E -- Hill, A B -- Horan, D -- Hughes, R E -- Itoh, R -- Jean, P -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Koerding, E -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Garde, M Llena -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Makeev, A -- Mazziotta, M N -- McConville, W -- McEnery, J E -- Mehault, J -- Michelson, P F -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Naumann-Godo, M -- Nestoras, I -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ripken, J -- Ritz, S -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sander, A -- Parkinson, P M Saz -- Scargle, J D -- Schinzel, F K -- Sgro, C -- Shaw, M S -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Sokolovsky, K V -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stawarz, L -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Tanaka, Y -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wallace, E -- Wang, P -- Winer, B L -- Wolff, M T -- Wood, K S -- Yang, Z -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- Maehara, H -- Nishiyama, K -- Kabashima, F -- Bach, U -- Bower, G C -- Falcone, A -- Forster, J R -- Henden, A -- Kawabata, K S -- Koubsky, P -- Mukai, K -- Nelson, T -- Oates, S R -- Sakimoto, K -- Sasada, M -- Shenavrin, V I -- Shore, S N -- Skinner, G K -- Sokoloski, J -- Stroh, M -- Tatarnikov, A M -- Uemura, M -- Wahlgren, G M -- Yamanaka, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):817-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1192537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 x 10(-2) parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Allafort, A -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Brandt, T J -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Cannon, A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Costamante, L -- Cutini, S -- D'Ammando, F -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Luca, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Drlica-Wagner, A -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Ferrara, E C -- Focke, W B -- Fortin, P -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashi, K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Horan, D -- Itoh, R -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, T J -- Khangulyan, D -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marelli, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Naumann-Godo, M -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paneque, D -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Pierbattista, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Romani, R W -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Troja, E -- Uchiyama, Y -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vianello, G -- Vitale, V -- Wang, P -- Wood, K S -- Yang, Z -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):739-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1199705. Epub 2011 Jan 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-10-29
    Description: Circadian oscillation of body temperature is a basic, evolutionarily conserved feature of mammalian biology. In addition, homeostatic pathways allow organisms to protect their core temperatures in response to cold exposure. However, the mechanism responsible for coordinating daily body temperature rhythm and adaptability to environmental challenges is unknown. Here we show that the nuclear receptor Rev-erbalpha (also known as Nr1d1), a powerful transcriptional repressor, links circadian and thermogenic networks through the regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Mice exposed to cold fare considerably better at 05:00 (Zeitgeber time 22) when Rev-erbalpha is barely expressed than at 17:00 (Zeitgeber time 10) when Rev-erbalpha is abundant. Deletion of Rev-erbalpha markedly improves cold tolerance at 17:00, indicating that overcoming Rev-erbalpha-dependent repression is a fundamental feature of the thermogenic response to cold. Physiological induction of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) by cold temperatures is preceded by rapid downregulation of Rev-erbalpha in BAT. Rev-erbalpha represses Ucp1 in a brown-adipose-cell-autonomous manner and BAT Ucp1 levels are high in Rev-erbalpha-null mice, even at thermoneutrality. Genetic loss of Rev-erbalpha also abolishes normal rhythms of body temperature and BAT activity. Thus, Rev-erbalpha acts as a thermogenic focal point required for establishing and maintaining body temperature rhythm in a manner that is adaptable to environmental demands.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839416/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839416/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerhart-Hines, Zachary -- Feng, Dan -- Emmett, Matthew J -- Everett, Logan J -- Loro, Emanuele -- Briggs, Erika R -- Bugge, Anne -- Hou, Catherine -- Ferrara, Christine -- Seale, Patrick -- Pryma, Daniel A -- Khurana, Tejvir S -- Lazar, Mitchell A -- F-32 DK095563/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK095526/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK019525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK19525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK045586/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK45586/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 21;503(7476):410-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12642. Epub 2013 Oct 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24162845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization/genetics/physiology ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/genetics/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cold Temperature ; Down-Regulation ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Thermogenesis/genetics/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: Gamma-ray binaries are stellar systems containing a neutron star or black hole, with gamma-ray emission produced by an interaction between the components. These systems are rare, even though binary evolution models predict dozens in our Galaxy. A search for gamma-ray binaries with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) shows that 1FGL J1018.6-5856 exhibits intensity and spectral modulation with a 16.6-day period. We identified a variable x-ray counterpart, which shows a sharp maximum coinciding with maximum gamma-ray emission, as well as an O6V((f)) star optical counterpart and a radio counterpart that is also apparently modulated on the orbital period. 1FGL J1018.6-5856 is thus a gamma-ray binary, and its detection suggests the presence of other fainter binaries in the Galaxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi LAT Collaboration -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Belfiore, A -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Cavazzuti, E -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chaty, S -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Corbel, S -- Corbet, R H D -- Cutini, S -- de Luca, A -- den Hartog, P R -- de Palma, F -- Dermer, C D -- Digel, S W -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Donato, D -- Drell, P S -- Drlica-Wagner, A -- Dubois, R -- Dubus, G -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Ferrara, E C -- Focke, W B -- Fortin, P -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hill, A B -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, T J -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Naumann-Godo, M -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ozaki, M -- Paneque, D -- Parent, D -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Pierbattista, M -- Piron, F -- Pivato, G -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Razzano, M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Ritz, S -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J G -- Thayer, J B -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Tinivella, M -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Troja, E -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vianello, G -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wood, M -- Yang, Z -- Zimmer, S -- Coe, M J -- Di Mille, F -- Edwards, P G -- Filipovic, M D -- Payne, J L -- Stevens, J -- Torres, M A P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):189-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1213974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: Millisecond pulsars, old neutron stars spun up by accreting matter from a companion star, can reach high rotation rates of hundreds of revolutions per second. Until now, all such "recycled" rotation-powered pulsars have been detected by their spin-modulated radio emission. In a computing-intensive blind search of gamma-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (with partial constraints from optical data), we detected a 2.5-millisecond pulsar, PSR J1311-3430. This unambiguously explains a formerly unidentified gamma-ray source that had been a decade-long enigma, confirming previous conjectures. The pulsar is in a circular orbit with an orbital period of only 93 minutes, the shortest of any spin-powered pulsar binary ever found.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pletsch, H J -- Guillemot, L -- Fehrmann, H -- Allen, B -- Kramer, M -- Aulbert, C -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- de Angelis, A -- Atwood, W B -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Borgland, A W -- Bottacini, E -- Brandt, T J -- Bregeon, J -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chaves, R C G -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- D'Ammando, F -- Dermer, C D -- Digel, S W -- Drell, P S -- Drlica-Wagner, A -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Favuzzi, C -- Ferrara, E C -- Franckowiak, A -- Fukazawa, Y -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- den Hartog, P R -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hill, A B -- Hou, X -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Jackson, M S -- Jogler, T -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, W N -- Kataoka, J -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Larsson, S -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Massaro, F -- Mayer, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Mehault, J -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nemmen, R -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orienti, M -- Orlando, E -- de Palma, F -- Paneque, D -- Perkins, J S -- Piron, F -- Pivato, G -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Romani, R W -- Romoli, C -- Sanchez, D A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Schulz, A -- Sgro, C -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Tinivella, M -- Troja, E -- Usher, T L -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vianello, G -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wood, M -- Yang, Z -- Zimmer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 7;338(6112):1314-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1229054. Epub 2012 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), D-30167 Hannover, Germany. holger.pletsch@aei.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: Cosmic rays are particles (mostly protons) accelerated to relativistic speeds. Despite wide agreement that supernova remnants (SNRs) are the sources of galactic cosmic rays, unequivocal evidence for the acceleration of protons in these objects is still lacking. When accelerated protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma rays. This offers a compelling way to detect the acceleration sites of protons. The identification of pion-decay gamma rays has been difficult because high-energy electrons also produce gamma rays via bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering. We detected the characteristic pion-decay feature in the gamma-ray spectra of two SNRs, IC 443 and W44, with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This detection provides direct evidence that cosmic-ray protons are accelerated in SNRs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Allafort, A -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bottacini, E -- Brandt, T J -- Bregeon, J -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Busetto, G -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chaty, S -- Chaves, R C G -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Chiaro, G -- Cillis, A N -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Conrad, J -- Corbel, S -- Cutini, S -- D'Ammando, F -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Dermer, C D -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Drlica-Wagner, A -- Falletti, L -- Favuzzi, C -- Ferrara, E C -- Franckowiak, A -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giommi, P -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hayashi, K -- Hays, E -- Hewitt, J W -- Hill, A B -- Hughes, R E -- Jackson, M S -- Jogler, T -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Kamae, T -- Kataoka, J -- Katsuta, J -- Knodlseder, J -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Larsson, S -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Massaro, F -- Mayer, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Mehault, J -- Michelson, P F -- Mignani, R P -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nemmen, R -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orienti, M -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Perkins, J S -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Pivato, G -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Ritz, S -- Romoli, C -- Sanchez-Conde, M -- Schulz, A -- Sgro, C -- Simeon, P E -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stecker, F W -- Strong, A W -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J G -- Thayer, J B -- Thompson, D J -- Thorsett, S E -- Tibaldo, L -- Tibolla, O -- Tinivella, M -- Troja, E -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vianello, G -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Werner, M -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wood, M -- Yamazaki, R -- Yang, Z -- Zimmer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):807-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1231160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: The observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope provide constraints on the nature of these unique astrophysical sources. GRB 130427A had the largest fluence, highest-energy photon (95 GeV), longest gamma-ray duration (20 hours), and one of the largest isotropic energy releases ever observed from a GRB. Temporal and spectral analyses of GRB 130427A challenge the widely accepted model that the nonthermal high-energy emission in the afterglow phase of GRBs is synchrotron emission radiated by electrons accelerated at an external shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Asano, K -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Bissaldi, E -- Bonamente, E -- Bregeon, J -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Burgess, J Michael -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Cecchi, C -- Chaplin, V -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Chiaro, G -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cleveland, W -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Collazzi, A -- Cominsky, L R -- Connaughton, V -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- D'Ammando, F -- de Angelis, A -- DeKlotz, M -- de Palma, F -- Dermer, C D -- Desiante, R -- Diekmann, A -- Di Venere, L -- Drell, P S -- Drlica-Wagner, A -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Ferrara, E C -- Finke, J -- Fitzpatrick, G -- Focke, W B -- Franckowiak, A -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Gibby, M -- Giglietto, N -- Giles, M -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Godfrey, G -- Granot, J -- Grenier, I A -- Grove, J E -- Gruber, D -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Horan, D -- Hughes, R E -- Inoue, Y -- Jogler, T -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, W N -- Kawano, T -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocevski, D -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Larsson, S -- Latronico, L -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Mayer, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Michelson, P F -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monzani, M E -- Moretti, E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nemmen, R -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orienti, M -- Paneque, D -- Pelassa, V -- Perkins, J S -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Petrosian, V -- Piron, F -- Pivato, G -- Porter, T A -- Racusin, J L -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Ritz, S -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sartori, A -- Parkinson, P M Saz -- Scargle, J D -- Schulz, A -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Sonbas, E -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Thayer, J G -- Thayer, J B -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Tinivella, M -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Troja, E -- Usher, T L -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vianello, G -- Vitale, V -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Yamazaki, R -- Younes, G -- Yu, H-F -- Zhu, S J -- Bhat, P N -- Briggs, M S -- Byrne, D -- Foley, S -- Goldstein, A -- Jenke, P -- Kippen, R M -- Kouveliotou, C -- McBreen, S -- Meegan, C -- Paciesas, W S -- Preece, R -- Rau, A -- Tierney, D -- van der Horst, A J -- von Kienlin, A -- Wilson-Hodge, C -- Xiong, S -- Cusumano, G -- La Parola, V -- Cummings, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):42-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1242353. Epub 2013 Nov 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Description: We propose a new method to constrain the warm dark matter (WDM) particle mass, m , based on the counts of multiply imaged, distant supernovae (SN) produced by strong lensing by intervening cosmological matter fluctuations. The counts are very sensitive to the WDM particle mass, assumed here to be m  = 1, 1.5, 2 keV. We use the analytic approach developed by Das & Ostriker to compute the probability density function of the cold dark matter (CDM) convergence () on the lens plane; such method has been extensively tested against numerical simulations. We have extended this method generalizing it to the WDM case, after testing it against WDM N -body simulations. Using the observed cosmic star formation history, we compute the probability for a distant SN to undergo a strong lensing event in different cosmologies. A minimum observing time of 2 yr (5 yr) is required for a future 100 square degrees survey reaching z 4 ( z 3) to disentangle at 2 a WDM ( m  = 1 keV) model from the standard CDM scenario. Our method is not affected by any astrophysical uncertainty (such as baryonic physics effects), and, in principle, it does not require any particular dedicated survey strategy, as it may come as a byproduct of a future SN survey.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 33 (1971), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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